Unit test- The Post War World Flashcards
One way the UN security Council maintains peace throughout the world in through the adoption of _____
resolutions
The Long March took place in the year
1934
A goal of the Great Leap Forward involved helping China…
compete in the steel industry.
How did the Arab-Israeli war impact regular Palestinians?
The majority fled their homes during the war.
Many were relocated into refugee camps.
The relationship between the United Sates and the Soviet Union after World War II is best described as ____
tense
Most countries that aligned with the United States during the Cold War…
allowed free elections.
In addition to support from the people, what else did the Communists have in their favor during their war with the Nationalists?
more effective military stratagies
One way of dealing with countries that practice genocide is to impose $_____$ against the accused country.
sanctions
A developing country rebuilding its roads might turn to which UN organization for help?
the World Bank
The Soviet Union’s security strategy was a reaction to…
the devastation it experienced in World War II.
The Soviet Union’s approach to security differed from the US approach because the Soviets sought to…
protect itself from attack.
Read the passage from a speech President Kennedy gave in Berlin in 1963.
There are many people in the world who really don’t understand, or say they don’t, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass’ sic nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin.
Kennedy is urging people to come to Berlin so they can….
see first-hand the evils of communism.
The excerpt is from witness testimony at the Nuremberg Trials.
DR. MARX:
You said before that the German people must have known of the happenings in Auschwitz. What are your grounds for this statement?
VAILLANT-COUTURIER:
I have already told you: To begin with there was the fact that, when we left, the Lorraine soldiers . . . who were taking us to Auschwitz said to us, “If you knew where you were going, you would not be in such a hurry to get there.”
–Testimony of Marie Claude Vaillant-Couturier
the Holocaust and other war crimes were well-known.
Which best describes why the United States believed that prosperity in Europe could reduce the likelihood of future wars?
It would prevent the rise of totalitarianism.
In Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge created ______ policies that caused famine and starvation.
farming
The first Five-Year Plan was considered a success in what way?
Industrial output rose as China’s economy transformed into a communist system.
China’s agricultural policies during the Great Leap Forward led to
crop failures, causing famine that killed millions of people.
China’s first Five-Year Plan called for the government to
seize private land and businesses.
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in China in response to new
economic policies that threatened social equality.
The first Five-Year Plan, based on ________ principles, reshaped China’s economy.
Marxist
The image shows people holding pictures of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution.
In this photo, two Chinese woman in work clothes and caps hold up a photo of Mao, along with two copies of his book, which are both open to a page with a photograph of Mao.
What does the image most likely reveal about the people’s attitude toward their leader?
They were captivated by Chairman Mao’s cult of personality.
The student militias that carried out the Cultural Revolution were known as the
Red Guards.
After the first Five-Year Plan, Mao Zedong wanted faster growth so he launched the
Great Leap Forward.
Mao Zedong called for the Cultural Revolution because he believed ______ reforms threatened social equality.
capitalist
What happened in 1976 that ended the Cultural Revolution?
the death of Mao Zedong
What contributed to the downfall of China’s republic?
China’s presidents did not have enough power.
Which were included among the “Three Principles of the People”?
democracy
socialism
nationalism
During World War II, what happened between the Communists and Nationalists in China?
Both sides agreed to stop fighting each other until World War II ended.
What is the most likely reason Chiang Kai-shek was able to rule as a dictator?
China was ready for a powerful leader after chaos at the end of the republic.
Which statement accurately describes China after the Civil War?
The island of Taiwan became known as the Republic of China.
If the imperial dynasty had continued to rule China, it is most likely that
European nations would have gotten more of a foothold in China.
Why was the Nationalist Party more popular in China’s cities than in the countryside?
Wealthy people who supported the party were concentrated in cities.
As Chinese leader, what did Mao Zedong accomplish?
He redistributed land in the countryside to farmers.
What was the effect on China of the Boxer Rebellion?
It led China to the verge of collapse.
In _______, the Communists won the civil war and the People’s Republic of China was formed.
1949
The map shows Germany after World War II.
A map showing the Division of Germany and Berlin. The main map shows that Germany is divided into West Germany and East Germany. West Germany is larger, but Berlin is located in East Germany. The inset map shows that Berlin is divided, almost evenly, into West Berlin and East Berlin
What information does the map provide?
Germany was divided into two nations.
The city of Berlin was divided into sectors.
The city of Berlin was located in East Germany.
President Kennedy gave his “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech at a time when
Cold War tensions over Berlin were at their height.
The Soviet Union established satellite states in Eastern Europe because it wanted
protection against another invasion.
A reason that the United States and its allies formed NATO was to
defend member nations against Communist attacks.
The goal of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to
contain the spread of communism.
During the Cold War, a defector was someone who
fled to the West from a Communist country.
The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War because it showed
the separation between East and West.
Read the line from a speech by Winston Churchill in 1946.
An iron curtain has descended across the continent.
Which best summarizes the meaning of Churchill’s statement?
The Soviet Union has taken control of Eastern Europe.
Which of these did the Soviet Union do in 1961?
It built a wall through Berlin to keep people from moving to the West.
The photo shows a street scene in Berlin after World War II.
A photo showing tanks driving down a city street. Soldiers stand next to a barrier and civilians look at the tanks.
The scene is best described as
tense and aggressive.
Immediately after the war, what was the United States’ first priority in Japan?
to distribute food
Today, most of the government reforms made during the US occupation of Japan have been
maintained.
How did land reform affect the power structure of Japanese society?
It increased the power of the poor.
How did the Japanese economy benefit from the Korean War?
Factories reopened.
Jobs were created.
Infrastructure was rebuilt.
What is similar about the US and Japanese government structures?
They both have a bicameral legislature.
How did the United States’ approach regarding the Japanese economy shift during the Korean War?
It focused on growth rather than reform.
After the end of the US occupation, what happened to the Japanese economy?
It continued to grow.
In what way did the new Japanese constitution change the role of the emperor?
He was forced to declare he did not have divine power.
Given that Japan was left with minimal defenses after the war, how has it protected itself?
US military bases in Japan provide protection.
What were the primary goals in restructuring the Japanese economy?
allowing trade unions
dissolving zaibatsu
introducing land reforms
Which best describes why the Soviet Union established buffer states around its borders?
to protect itself from direct invasion
How did the Soviet Union try to ensure that satellite states would follow its policies?
It controlled local communist governments.
Why did Secretary of State George Marshall think it was important for postwar Europe to be stable and prosperous?
It would be more likely to reject communism.
Which of the following countries were part of the Eastern Bloc?
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Romania
Why did people within the Eastern Bloc have few economic freedoms?
The government controlled the economy.
In what way did the Soviet Union try to spread communism around the world?
by supporting revolutionary movements
_______ was divided into two countries, one democratic and one communist, after World War II.
Germany
Which of these most likely explains why people in the Eastern Bloc had little contact with the West?
They could not travel freely.
What was the Iron Curtain?
a term for the divide that isolated the East
How did the Soviet style of government differ from American democracy?
It was led by a dictator.
What was the goal of Zionism?
to establish a Jewish state in Palestine
Read the excerpt from Theodor Herzl, written in 1896.
The idea which I have developed in this pamphlet is a very old one: it is the restoration of the Jewish State. . . .
We have honestly endeavored everywhere to merge ourselves in the social life of surrounding communities and to preserve the faith of our fathers. We are not permitted to do so. . . .
No one can deny the gravity of the situation of the Jews. Wherever they live in perceptible numbers, they are more or less persecuted. Their equality before the law, granted by statute, has become practically a dead letter. They are debarred from filling even moderately high positions, either in the army, or in any public or private capacity. And attempts are made to thrust them out of business also: “Don’t buy from Jews!”
–The Jewish State,
Theodor Herzl, 1896
In this excerpt, Herzl is calling for
the creation of a homeland for Jews.
How did Arab leaders respond to Jewish immigration into Palestine in the 1930s?
They demanded an end to Jewish immigration.
During World War I, Great Britain promised that the Arab provinces of the Middle East would be
independent after the war.
During the World War I, what promise did Great Britain make to former Ottoman Arab provinces about their status after the war?
They would be granted independence.
What was the direct outcome of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War?
Israel gained additional territory.
The graph shows the number of Jews in Palestine in the years leading up to World War I.
A bar graph showing the number of Jewish residents in Palestine for the years 1880, 1900, and 1914. 1880, 24 thousand; 1900, 48,000; 1914, 84,000.
Someone looking at these figures in 1914 would most likely predict that the number of Jewish residents in Palestine will
continue to increase.
After World War II, many Jews who had survived the Holocaust
had no place to call home, and moved to Palestine.
To protect its interests in the Middle East, in 1939, Great Britain declared that it would
restrict the number of Jews immigrating to Palestine.
At the start of World War I, Palestine was controlled by _____________
the Ottoman Empire
One main factor that led to the Holocaust and other campaigns of genocide was
extreme racism.
Which political belief is shared by countries that practice genocide?
Those who are different are enemies.
Read the description of the events of the Holocaust.
The Holocaust was the Nazi effort to destroy the Jewish people. At first, Jewish people were forced to wear yellow armbands. Then, they lost their citizenship and were banned from public places. After that, Jewish people were forced to live in cramped, dirty ghettos with insufficient water and sanitation systems, where they were denied food and medicine. The Nazis’ final solution was sending Jewish people to concentration camps to be killed.
Which action would be considered genocide according to the UN definition?
forcing people to live in ghettos
The highest-ranking Nazi leader tried at Nuremberg was
Hermann Goring.
In 1948, the United Nations created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to
recognize people’s basic rights.
The Allies created the United Nations after World War II to
maintain international peace and security.
The chart shows the organization of the United Nations.
An organization chart of the United Nations. The United Nations is in the center with the following branches: Security Council, General Assembly, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, Economic and Social Council.
Which part of the UN most likely responded after a tsunami struck Japan in 2011?
Economic and Social Council
The International Military Tribunal included judges and prosecutors from which countries?
Britain
Soviet Union
France
What protects humanitarian aid workers during times of war?
the Geneva Convention
The excerpt is from a UN report on human rights violations in North Korea.
The gravity, scale and nature of these violations reveal a state that does not have any parallel in the contemporary world.
–Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2014
Which explains why the commission came to this conclusion?
It found that North Korean officials murdered, starved and tortured thousands of people in secret prison camps.
How many Nazis were convicted of war crimes in Europe from 1945-1949?
5,000 to 6,000
What steps can the UN Security Council take when a country tests nuclear missiles?
It can pass a resolution condemning the action, then impose a series of economic sanctions against the offending country.
A goal of the United Nation’s International Court of Justice is to
settle disputes between nations without the need of war.
