Totalitarianism

Question 1

The illustration is an example of propaganda.

This cartoon shows a German soldier in a trench firing his rifle. Behind him, a woman wearing a cap with a Jewish star on it, is about to plunge a dagger in the back of the German soldier.

What was this piece of propaganda most likely used for?

A. It was used to discourage support for Hitler by instilling fear in soldiers.
B. It was used to encourage hatred of the military in Germany.
C. It was used to discourage men from joining the German military.
D. It was used to encourage support for Hitler by promoting racism.

Answer 1

D. It was used to encourage support for Hitler by promoting racism.

Question 2

Which are examples of totalitarian governments that existed following WWI? Check all that apply.

1. France
2. Germany
3. Italy
4. China
5. Japan

Answer 2

2. Germany
3. Italy
4. Japan

Question 3

In Germany, how did the Nazi government build support for its ideology? Check all that apply.

1. They blamed Jews for the loss of WWI.
2. They encouraged tolerance for all ethnic groups.
3. They encouraged minority political parties.
4. They used propaganda to encourage the boycott of Jewish businesses.
5. They blamed Jews for the economic depression that followed WWI.

Answer 3

1. They blamed Jews for the loss of WWI.
2. They used propaganda to encourage the boycott of Jewish businesses.
3. They blamed Jews for the economic depression that followed WWI.

Question 4

Which most accurately describes of the use of indoctrination in a totalitarian state?

A. Indoctrination is used to control the loyalty and actions of the military.
B. Indoctrination is used to control terror and reduce the fear in citizens.
C. Indoctrination is used to control the minds of the states’ children.
D. Indoctrination is used to control all aspects of citizens’ lives.

Answer 4

D. Indoctrination is used to control all aspects of citizens’ lives.

Question 5

Crises in which three areas can most likely create conditions for a totalitarian government?

A. monetary, political, and ethnic
B. monetary, social, and leadership
C. economic, social, and political
D. economic, leadership, and ethnic

Answer 5

D. economic, leadership, and ethnic

Question 6

Why are personal freedoms limited in a totalitarian state?

A. to encourage a safe environment
B. to encourage inventive thinking
C. to discourage opposition
D. to discourage social pressure

Answer 6

C. to discourage opposition

Question 7

Which characteristics of Nazi Germany’s government were those of a totalitarian state? Select four options.

1. They discouraged ideas that didn’t benefit the state.
2. They focused on and promoted a national identity.
3. They allowed only professed Nazis to run for office.
4. They persecuted those who spoke out against the state.
5. They enforced ideas about the inferiority of some races.

Answer 7

1. They discouraged ideas that didn’t benefit the state.
2. They focused on and promoted a national identity.
3. They persecuted those who spoke out against the state.
4. They enforced ideas about the inferiority of some races.

Question 8

What crisis occurred in Italy that allowed Mussolini to take power?

A. An earthquake that cause extreme infrastructure damage.
B. An economic depression caused partly by declining industry.
C. Industrial growth that could not be supported by the labor force
D. Minority businesses were boycotted by Italian citizens.

Answer 8

B. An economic depression caused partly by declining industry.

Question 9

Which best explains how an ethnic crisis can lead to the development of a totalitarian government?

A. Citizens accept the differences in people’s cultures against the government’s wishes.
B. Citizens and the government struggle economically in an effort to help ethnic groups prosper.
C. Ethnic and religious groups are blamed for the country’s problems.
D. Ethnic and religious groups attempt to overthrow the current leader.

Answer 9

C. Ethnic and religious groups are blamed for the country’s problems.

Question 10

Why did Italy accept a totalitarian leader?

A. There was an economic crisis in Italy.
B. There was a leadership crisis in Italy.
C. There was a military crisis in Italy.
D. There was an ethnic crisis in Italy.

Answer 10

A. There was an economic crisis in Italy.

Question 11

Which challenges most contributed to unrest in Russia in the early 1900s? Check all that apply.

1. war
2. floods
3. famine
4. class struggles
5. clashing cultures
6. religious differences

Answer 11

1. war
2. famine
3. class struggles

Question 12

Which statements describe life in Russia in the early 1900s? Check all that apply.

1. Russia lacked a modern system of transportation.
2. Russia’s economy was based on subsistence farming.
3. Russia was a leader among industrialized nations.
4. The government of Russia was an autocratic monarchy.
5. Most Russian citizens belonged to a thriving upper class.
6. The Russian tsar used the secret police to enforce his will.

Answer 12

1. Russia lacked a modern system of transportation.
2. Russia’s economy was based on subsistence farming.
3. The government of Russia was an autocratic monarchy.
4. The Russian tsar used the secret police to enforce his will.

Question 13

Sire –

We working men of St. Petersburg, our wives and children, and our helpless parents, aged men and women, have come to you, O Tsar, in search of justice and protection. We have been impoverished and oppressed, and excessively burdened with hard work and labor. We have been treated with contempt. We are not recognized as human beings, but are treated as slaves who must suffer in silence. . . . We ask for a representative legislature . . . liberty of speech and of the press . . . equality of all persons before the law . . . the repeal of [unfair taxation] . . . an eight-hour working day . . . and a normal working wage.

—”The St. Petersburg Workmen’s Petition
to the Tsar,”
January 22, 1905

What rights and freedoms do the Russian workers demand in this petition? Check all that apply.

1. freedom of speech
2. freedom of religion
3. an eight-hour workday
4. equal rights for all citizens
5. representation in government
6. an end to all forms of taxation

Answer 13

1. freedom of speech
2. an eight-hour workday
3. equal rights for all citizens
4. representation in government

Question 14

Gentlemen! Everything we are living through should convince us to declare unanimously that the most dangerous and wicked enemy our country has is not at the front, but here among us. Our country cannot be saved until we work together to remove those who devastate, humiliate, and insult it.

—Alexander Kerensky,
1916

In this speech, Alexander Kerensky calls for

A. the end of Rasputin’s influence.
B. support for Rasputin’s influence.
C. the end of Russia’s role in the war.
D. support for Russia’s role in the war.

Answer 14

A. the end of Rasputin’s influence.

Question 15

In 1917, Vladimir Lenin gave a speech about the provisional government.

The people need peace. The people need bread and land. And they [the provisional government] give you war, hunger, no food, and the land remains with the landowners.

—Vladimir Lenin,
1917

According to Lenin, what reasons did the people have to be unhappy with the provisional government? Check all that apply.

1. Wealthy landowners held most of the land.
2. The autocratic monarchy was still in place.
3. The tsar continued to control the military.
4. Russia was still at war with Germany.
5. Food shortages were still common.

Answer 15

1. Wealthy landowners held most of the land.
2. Russia was still at war with Germany.
3. Food shortages were still common.

Question 16

Which events were outcomes of the Russian Civil War? Check all that apply.

1. Religious leaders and royalists joined the White Army.
2. Over 14 million people died from famine and fighting.
3. Landowners took their land back from the peasants.
4. The tsar and his family members were executed.
5. The Bolsheviks lost control and fell from power.
6. Western nations provided aid to the Red Army.

Answer 16

1. Religious leaders and royalists joined the White Army.
2. Over 14 million people died from famine and fighting.
3. The tsar and his family members were executed.

Question 17

What reforms were workers demanding when they marched in St. Petersburg in 1905? Choose three answers.

1. an elected legislature
2. better living conditions
3. more personal freedoms
4. better working conditions
5. higher wages for experience

Answer 17

1. an elected legislature
2. more personal freedoms
3. better working conditions

Question 18

What reforms were workers demanding when they marched in St. Petersburg in 1905? Choose three answers.

1. an elected legislature
2. better living conditions
3. more personal freedoms
4. better working conditions
5. higher wages for experience

Answer 18

1. an elected legislature
2. better living conditions
3. more personal freedoms
4. better working conditions

Question 19

What marked the end of the Russian monarchy?

A. the Russian Civil War
B. the Russian Revolution
C. the tsar and his family’s move to Siberia
D. the execution of the tsar and his family

Answer 19

D. the execution of the tsar and his family

Question 20

What was Tsarina Alexandra’s biggest mistake after she took over the leadership of the Russian government?

A. She sought advice and help from the Duma.
B. She relied on the nobility for support and ideas.
C. She relied on her own knowledge of government.
D. She sought advice from the mystic Rasputin.

Answer 20

D. She sought advice from the mystic Rasputin.

Question 21

Which led to the 1905 revolution?

A. the events in St. Petersburg
B. the strike by millions of workers
C. the establishment of the Duma
D. the indifference of the tsar

Answer 21

A. the events in St. Petersburg

Question 22

The image shows a scene in St. Petersburg.

An illustration of a large crowd of workers marching in Saint Petersburg square. They are carrying banners. Nearby, a row of soldiers watch.
Regarding the action taking place, which would be the best title for this image?

A. “Waiting for the Tsar”
B. “Before ‘Bloody Sunday’”
C. “1905 Revolution Victors”
D. “Honoring the Peasants”

Answer 22

B. “Before ‘Bloody Sunday’”

Question 23

Which best characterizes Russia in the early 1900s?

A. The government was attempting to repair an aging infrastructure.
B. The wealthy class was growing due to a boom in employment.
C. The military was using force to subdue uprisings caused by famine.
D. The economy was stalled because there was nothing to export.

Answer 23

D. The economy was stalled because there was nothing to export.

Question 24

Which were Lenin’s actions before and during the Russian Revolution? Choose four answers.

1. He led the fight against Germany.
2. He supported the ideology of Marxism.
3. He opposed the provisional government.
4. He opposed the tsar and was exiled.
5. He supported the Duma.
6. He led the Bolsheviks.
7. He supported inequality.

Answer 24

2. He supported the ideology of Marxism.
3. He opposed the provisional government.
4. He opposed the tsar and was exiled.
5. He led the Bolsheviks.

Question 25

Which word best describes Tsar Nicholas II?

A. controlling
B. fearful
C. selfless
D. compassionate

Answer 25

A. controlling

Question 26

What caused the February Revolution of 1917?

A. People were angry because of the tsar’s poor leadership.
B. Lenin’s idea of a classless society induced people to revolt.
C. Protests against food and coal shortages turned into riots.
D. The Duma rose up against the autocratic Russian monarchy.

Answer 26

C. Protests against food and coal shortages turned into riots.

Question 27

Which happened after the October Revolution?

A. Tsar Nicholas II was exiled.
B. Germany defeated Russia.
C. Vladimir Lenin took power.
D. Tsarina Alexandra took power.

Answer 27

C. Vladimir Lenin took power.

Question 28

Which statements are beliefs of communism? Check all that apply.

1. The government should control factories.
2. The government should control property.
3. The workers should control factories privately.
4. The workers should own property privately.
5. The government should control the economy.
6. The workers should control the economy individually.

Answer 28

1. The government should control factories.
2. The government should control property.
3. The government should control the economy.

Question 29

We stand for organized terror – this should be frankly admitted. Terror is an absolute necessity during times of revolution. Our aim is to fight against the enemies of the Soviet Government and of the new order of life. We judge quickly. In most cases only a day passes between the apprehension of the criminal and his sentence. When confronted with evidence criminals in almost every case confess; and what argument can have greater weight than a criminal’s own confession.

–Felix Dzerzhinsky,
1918

What can be inferred about the Soviet government based on this passage?

A. Soviet citizens enjoyed political rights similar to those of US citizens.
B. Soviet citizens had few rights when accused of a crime.
C. Soviet citizens had the right of due process and a fair trial.
D. Soviet citizens were given the opportunity to defend themselves fairly in court.

Answer 29

B. Soviet citizens had few rights when accused of a crime.

Question 30

Which Communist policies are characteristic of totalitarian rule? Check all that apply.

1. instituting a literacy campaign
2. censoring books and newspapers
3. creating a powerful secret police force
4. granting women the right to divorce their husbands
5. increasing access to education
6. forbidding the practice of organized religion

Answer 30

2. censoring books and newspapers
3. creating a powerful secret police force
4. forbidding the practice of organized religion

Question 31

How did Lenin’s death affect the political environment in the Soviet Union?

A. It allowed Stalin to share power with Soviet states.
B. It allowed Trotsky to appoint his allies to government positions.
C. It led to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky.
D. It led to a communal government headed by Stalin and Trotsky.

Answer 31

C. It led to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky.

Question 32

Which methods did Stalin use to gain power? Check all that apply.

1. creating a secret police force
2. exiling political opponents
3. murdering political opponents
4. creating a single-party state
5. persecuting ethnic groups

Answer 32

2. exiling political opponents
3. murdering political opponents
4. persecuting ethnic groups

Question 33

How did the Communist Party handle the Russian press?

A. It allowed limited freedom of the press.
B. It took over full control of the press in Russia.
C. It did away with all newspapers in Russia.
D. It encouraged freedom of the press.

Answer 33

B. It took over full control of the press in Russia.

Question 34

After it came to power, the Communist Party ruled Russia as a

A. democracy.
B. monarchy.
C. republic.
D. dictatorship.

Answer 34

D. dictatorship.

Question 35

Felix Dzerzhinsky, one of the Communist leaders of the Russian Revolution, wrote this passage in 1918.

We stand for organized terror – this should be frankly admitted. Terror is an absolute necessity during times of revolution. Our aim is to fight against the enemies of the Soviet Government and of the new order of life. We judge quickly. In most cases only a day passes between the apprehension of the criminal and his sentence. When confronted with evidence criminals in almost every case confess; and what argument can have greater weight than a criminal’s own confession.

Based on the passage, which is the most likely inference that can be drawn regarding the Soviet government?

A. The Soviet government respected the rights of the Russian people.
B. The Soviet government would do whatever it could to stay in power.
C. The Soviet government believed in due process and the right to a fair trial.
D. The Soviet government would follow the wishes of the Russian people.

Answer 35

B. The Soviet government would do whatever it could to stay in power.

Question 36

After Lenin’s death in 1924, the Soviet Union was supposed to be led by a troika which is a _______.

A.general assembly
B. group of three
C. dictator
D. king

Answer 36

B. group of three

Question 37

Which statements best characterize Communist beliefs? Select THREE answers.

1. Individuals should be able to own property.
2. The government should control the economy.
3. Workers should establish a classless society.
4. Workers should own the factories where they work.
5. Private property should be abolished.
6. Multiple political parties should be allowed.

Answer 37

2. The government should control the economy.
3. Workers should establish a classless society.
4. Private property should be abolished.

Question 38

Which action is typical of a Communist government?

A. following the people’s will to make decisions
B. controlling the distribution of land and resources
C. guaranteeing personal freedoms
D. encouraging religious liberty

Answer 38

B. controlling the distribution of land and resources

Question 39

Which best describes Joseph Stalin and his involvement with the Soviet Union?

A. Stalin was the founder of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union.
B. Stalin was a proponent of a multi-party system of government in the Soviet Union.
C. Stalin was an ally of Leon Trotsky in opposing Lenin’s Soviet policies.
D. Stalin was a ruthless dictator who led the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death.

Answer 39

D. Stalin was a ruthless dictator who led the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death.

Question 40

Under Lenin, some of the leaders of the Communist government

A. privately disagreed with the direction of the revolution.
B. were not allowed to disagree with one another.
C. called for a return to the capitalist system.
D. sometimes broke away and formed rival parties.

Answer 40

A. privately disagreed with the direction of the revolution.

Question 41

In what year did Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power in Russia?

A. 1855
B. 1900
C. 1917
D. 1961

Answer 41

C. 1917

Question 42

Which best describes Lenin’s New Economic Policy, established in 1921?

A. It permanently changed the economic strategy of the Soviet Union.
B. It temporarily allowed some private ownership of land in the Soviet Union.
C. It had the full backing of all the revolutionary elements in the Soviet Union.
D. It had little to no impact on the economy of the Soviet Union.

Answer 42

B. It temporarily allowed some private ownership of land in the Soviet Union.

Question 43

Stalin’s creation of a five-year plan represented what type of change?

A. from a command economy to a market economy
B. from traditional farming to subsistence farming
C. from a market economy to a command economy
D. from industrialized farming to traditional farming methods

Answer 43

C. from a market economy to a command economy

Question 44

The peasants’ attitude is utterly bad in light of the famine and the fact that they are losing their last cows through collectivization – as a result the kolkhoznik [collective farm] has neither bread nor milk. I saw all this with my own eyes and am not exaggerating. People are starving, living on food substitutes, they grow weaker, and naturally, under such circumstances, their mood is hostile. I have not seen such an attitude as is now found in the villages, due to famine and the loss of the last cows . . . in a long time. . . . Upon arriving in Moscow, I will try to see Stalin and inform him, or if he cannot spare the time, I will write him a letter. . . . [We know that Stalin sees further than anyone]. But in order for him to see beyond everyone, one must, with absolute objectivity, relate to him those facts which are based on reality. I will attempt to do this upon my arrival in Moscow, and I will tell him what I have seen with my own eyes.

Which of these best restates the author’s view of the famine crisis?

A. He thinks the peasants will produce more food, ending the famine.
B. He believes that once Stalin learns of the famine, help will come.
C. He thinks the famine is necessary to unify support for Communism.
D. He blames Stalin for the famine, and thinks he should be overthrown.

Answer 44

B. He believes that once Stalin learns of the famine, help will come.

Question 45

Background information: In this passage, a witness recalls an event surrounding a district Communist Party conference during the Great Purge.

At the conclusion of the conference, a tribute to Comrade Stalin was called for. Of course, everyone stood up. . . . The small hall echoed with “stormy applause, rising to an ovation.” For three minutes, four minutes, five. . . . the applause continued. But palms were getting sore and raised arms were already aching. And the older people were panting from exhaustion. It was becoming insufferably silly even to those who really adored Stalin. However, who would dare to be the first to stop? . . . After all, NKVD men were in the hall applauding and watching to see who quit first! And in that obscure, small hall, unknown to the Leader, the applause went on – six, seven, eight minutes! . . . They couldn’t stop now till they collapsed with heart attacks! . . . Then, after eleven minutes, the director of the paper factory . . . sat down in his seat. And, oh, a miracle took place! . . . Everyone else stopped dead and sat down. . . . That, however, was how they [the NKVD] found who the independent people were. And that was how they set about eliminating them. That same night, the factory director was arrested. They easily pasted ten years [in a labor camp] on him, on the pretext of something quite different. But after he signed [his confession], his interrogator reminded him: “Don’t ever be the first to stop applauding!”

Why was the director of the factory arrested and sent to the gulag?

A. for refusing to applaud
B. for committing a crime against the state
C. for failing to rise from his seat
D. for being the first to stop clapping

Answer 45

D. for being the first to stop clapping

Question 46

Background information: The caption on this poster reads, “Down with Religious Holidays!”

A Soviet Union poster during Stalin’s Great Purge. Two men are side-by-side. the man on the left has his arm around the man on the right. There are Russian buildings around them. The poster states “Down with Religious Holidays!”

The poster and its caption reveal what aspect of Stalin’s Great Purge?

A. the encouraging of government protest
B. the promotion of the collective farms
C. the extension of equal rights to peasants
D. the desire to abolish freedom of religion

Answer 46

D. the desire to abolish freedom of religion

Question 47

Which of these statements accurately describes Joseph Stalin? Choose two answers.

1. He was less brutal than previous Russian leaders.
2. He overthrew Lenin to become leader of the USSR.
3. He cut steel production to improve the economy.
4. He restricted citizens’ personal rights and freedoms.
5. He held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator.

Answer 47

4. He restricted citizens’ personal rights and freedoms.
5. He held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator.

Question 48

Joseph Stalin placed a high value on motherhood because he

A. wanted women to produce more workers.
B. recognized the hard work involved in parenting.
C. valued women’s overall contributions to society.
D. had great respect for his own mother.

Answer 48

A. wanted women to produce more workers.

Question 49

What is the definition of a gulag?

A. a political uprising
B. a terror campaign
C. a labor camp
D. a police raid

Answer 49

C. a labor camp

Question 50

In addition to factory work, many women in the USSR were employed

A. as government officials.
B. in finance and management.
C. in healthcare and education.
D. as secret police and interrogators.

Answer 50

C. in healthcare and education.

Question 51

Why did the Soviet government’s transition to collectivization result in widespread starvation?

A. Peasants were not allowed to keep food until they met government quotas.
B. Collectivization’s new methods resulted in a slowdown in crop production.
C. Many people were forced out of jobs when farms turned to collectivization.
D. The government punished former farm workers who refused industrial jobs.

Answer 51

A. Peasants were not allowed to keep food until they met government quotas.

Question 52

By 1935 the proportion of women workers in the USSR’s workforce was _______ in every five.

A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four

Answer 52

B. two

Question 53

Under Joseph Stalin, schools were reformed primarily to emphasize

A. the pursuit of higher education.
B. Soviet ideology.
C. Russian history and culture.
D. intellectual rigor.

Answer 53

B. Soviet ideology.

Question 54

Joseph Stalin believed he needed absolute authority in the USSR in order to

A. maintain peace with the rest of Europe.
B. implement change without using violence.
C. unite the country and make it strong.
D. bring the Communist Party into power.

Answer 54

C. unite the country and make it strong.

Question 55

What was Joseph Stalin’s goal in creating a command economy?

A. to gradually move to a market economy
B. to conserve limited resources
C. to shift resources toward necessities
D. to outproduce capitalist nations

Answer 55

D. to outproduce capitalist nations

Question 56

The “Young Pioneers” was the name of

A. a school to teach industrial skills.
B. all Soviet children under Stalin’s rule
C. a growing group of anti-Stalin activists.
D. a communist youth organization.

Answer 56

D. a communist youth organization.

Question 57

This passage is attributed to Benito Mussolini. It explains fascist principles.

In the Fascist State, the individual is not suppressed, but rather multiplied, just as in a regiment a soldier is not weakened, but multiplied by the number of his comrades. The Fascist State organizes the nation, but it leaves sufficient scope for individuals; it has limited useless or harmful liberties and has preserved those that are essential. It cannot be the individual who decides in this matter, but only the State.

–”The Doctrine of Fascism,”
Benito Mussolini

According to Mussolini, who should determine which rights and liberties are important?

A. the monarchy
B. the individual
C. the military
D. the state

Answer 57

D. the state

Question 58

What was one cause of the Spanish Civil War?

A. Nationalists wanted to restore the monarchy of Spain.
B. Marxists wanted to establish a communist government.
C. Military leaders staged a coup to create a fascist government.
D. Conservatives in the military revolted against authoritarianism.

Answer 58

C. Military leaders staged a coup to create a fascist government.

Question 59

Which of these were effects of the Spanish Civil War? Check all that apply.

A. A democratic government was established.
B. Cultural diversity was encouraged.
C. Catholicism was banned.
D. The rights of women declined.
E. Nationalism was promoted.

Answer 59

D. The rights of women declined.
E. Nationalism was promoted.

Question 60

Problems in Spain caused by the Great Depression led Francisco Franco to seize power through a(n) _______ coup.

A. social
B. economic
C. military
D. constitutional

Answer 60

C. military

Question 61

Spanish people under Franco’s dictatorship experienced

A. expansion of their cultural rights and freedoms.
B. expansion of their economic rights and freedoms.
C. suppression of all religious rights and freedoms.
D. suppression of many rights and freedoms.

Answer 61

D. suppression of many rights and freedoms.

Question 62

What advantages did Nationalists have over Republicans in the Spanish Civil War?

A. Nationalists had a democratic government and an army of international volunteers.
B. Nationalists had the support of the United States and other democratic states.
C. Nationalists were led by the military and had a well-trained professional army.
D. Nationalists were led by the monarchy and had a well-funded professional army.

Answer 62

C. Nationalists were led by the military and had a well-trained professional army.

Question 63

Which were key characteristics of fascism in Italy? Select four options.

1. One political party or dictator ruled the state.
2. Multiple political parties governed the state.
3. Citizens were required to be obedient to the state.
4. The government indoctrinated young people.
5. A belief in isolationism dominated politics.
6. The government censored the press.

Answer 63

1. One political party or dictator ruled the state.
2. Citizens were required to be obedient to the state.
3. The government indoctrinated young people.
4. The government censored the press.

Question 64

What helped lead to the rise of authoritarianism in Italy, Japan, and Spain during the 1920s and 1930s?

A. world wars
B. economic crises
C. severe droughts
D. cultural revolutions

Answer 64

B. economic crises

Question 65

Japanese soldiers killed hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians in the

A. Manchurian Massacre.
B. Japanese Massacre.
C. Chinese Massacre.
D. Nanking Massacre.

Answer 65

D. Nanking Massacre.

Question 66

Which explains the difference between fascism in Italy and militarism in Japan?

A. Mussolini seized power in Italy with support of the Blackshirts, while military leaders took control of Japan and conscripted men over twenty years old.
B. Military leaders seized control of Italy and conscripted men over twenty years old, while Mussolini took control of Japan with support of the Blackshirts.
C. Mussolini seized power in Italy and invaded Manchuria, while military leaders took control of Japan and invaded Libya.
D. Military leaders seized control of Italy and invaded China, while Mussolini took control of Japan and invaded Ethiopia.

Answer 66

A. Mussolini seized power in Italy with support of the Blackshirts, while military leaders took control of Japan and conscripted men over twenty years old.

Question 67

Military leaders in Japan used nationalist propaganda to encourage Japanese people to take which actions? Select three options.

1. produce many children
2. be productive in their lives
3. exercise free-speech rights
4. serve in the military
5. support the emperor

Answer 67

2. be productive in their lives
3. serve in the military
4. support the emperor

Question 68

Which best explains why fascism emerged in Italy in the 1920s?

A. The country turned to fascism to grow an already strong economy.
B. The country adopted fascism to solve severe economic problems.
C. The country implemented fascism to help decrease its empire.
D. The country embraced fascism after a failed attempt at democracy.

Answer 68

B. The country adopted fascism to solve severe economic problems.

Question 69

The Spanish Civil War between fascism and elected leaders was won by the

A. Nationalists.
B. Republicans.
C. Democrats.
D. Communists.

Answer 69

A. Nationalists.

Question 70

What were the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany? Check all that apply.

1. Germany regained the land it had lost during the war.
2. Germany had to give up the territories it had captured.
3. Germany won reparations from other European nations.
4. Germany surrendered most of its military resources.
5. Germany was forced to take financial responsibility for damages.

Answer 70

2. Germany had to give up the territories it had captured.
3. Germany surrendered most of its military resources.
4. Germany was forced to take financial responsibility for damages.

Question 71

In October 1933, the Reich passed an editorial law.

Section 1

Involvement in the shaping of the intellectual contents of the newspapers or political periodicals published in the Reich, whether through writing, news reporting, or illustration. . . is a public function regulated . . . by the state through this law. Persons involved in this way are called editors (Schriftleiter). No one may call himself an editor who is not entitled to do so according to this law. . . .

Section 35

The Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda may decree the removal of an editor . . . if he deems it necessary for pressing reasons of public welfare.

According to this law, what would most likely happen to reporters who published negative articles about the Nazi Party?

A. They would be labeled Schriftleiter.
B. They would be removed from their position.
C. They would be appointed to the position of editor.
D. They would be elected Reich minister for public enlightenment.

Answer 71

B. They would be removed from their position.

Question 72

In what ways did Germany change under the Third Reich? Check all that apply.

1. Propaganda was used to influence public opinion.
2. Secret police enforced Nazi rule.
3. German officials promoted equality for Jewish citizens.
4. German children were required to join the Hitler Youth.
5. Citizens accused of crimes had new rights, including the right to a trial by jury.
6. The government controlled newspapers and other publications.

Answer 72

1. Propaganda was used to influence public opinion.
2. Secret police enforced Nazi rule.
3. German children were required to join the Hitler Youth.
4. The government controlled newspapers and other publications.

Question 73

To understand Hitler’s enormous success with the young we must understand what life has meant to the post-war generation in Germany, not only the children of the poor but of the middle class as well. They were children during the years of the war when the food blockade kept them half starved, when fathers were away at the front and mothers distracted with the effort to keep their families fed. They came to manhood in a country which seemed to have no use for them.

–“The Youth Who Are Hitler’s Strength,”
Alice Hamilton

According to the author, why was Hitler influential among young people?

A. They wanted to become members of the middle class.
B. They wanted to achieve greater academic success.
C. They had suffered during the war and felt purposeless.
D. They wanted to bring an end to the many food blockades.

Answer 73

C. They had suffered during the war and felt purposeless.

Question 74

Hitler made each insignificant, poverty-stricken, jobless youth of the slums feel himself one of the great of the earth, since the youth was a German, a Nordic, far superior to the successful Jew who was to be driven out of office and counting house to make place for the youth and his like. Hitler told the young men that the fate of Germany was in their hands, that if they joined his army they would battle with the Communists for the streets, they would see Jewish blood flow in streams, they would capture the government, deliver Germany from the Versailles treaty and then sweep triumphantly over the borders to reconquer Germany’s lost land. He put them into uniforms, he taught them to march and sing together, he aroused that sense of comradeship and esprit de corps so precious to the young, and gave them what is even more precious – an object for hero worship. Life suddenly took on meaning and importance, with the call to danger, sacrifice, even death.

–“The Youth Who Are Hitler’s Strength,”
Alice Hamilton

What is the main argument presented by the author in this excerpt?

A. Hitler promoted Communist ideals to spread his influence.
B. Hitler convinced young people of their importance and ability to change the future.
C. Hitler told the youth of Germany that they were superior to Nordic people.
D. Hitler encouraged young men to become educators and intellectuals.

Answer 74

B. Hitler convinced young people of their importance and ability to change the future.

Question 75

Hitler made each insignificant, poverty-stricken, jobless youth of the slums feel himself one of the great of the earth, since the youth was a German, a Nordic, far superior to the successful Jew who was to be driven out of office and counting house to make place for the youth and his like. Hitler told the young men that the fate of Germany was in their hands, that if they joined his army they would battle with the Communists for the streets, they would see Jewish blood flow in streams, they would capture the government, deliver Germany from the Versailles treaty and then sweep triumphantly over the borders to reconquer Germany’s lost land. He put them into uniforms, he taught them to march and sing together, he aroused that sense of comradeship and esprit de corps so precious to the young, and gave them what is even more precious – an object for hero worship. Life suddenly took on meaning and importance, with the call to danger, sacrifice, even death.

–“The Youth Who Are Hitler’s Strength,”
Alice Hamilton

What line from the text provides the strongest evidence in support of the author’s argument?

A. “The youth was a German, a Nordic.”
B. “The successful Jew . . . was to be driven out of office and counting house.”
C. “They would capture the government . . . then . . . reconquer Germany’s lost land.”
D. “He . . . gave them what is even more precious – an object for hero worship.”

Answer 75

C. “They would capture the government . . . then . . . reconquer Germany’s lost land.”

Question 76

Before he became chancellor, Hitler was imprisoned for a year for attempting to

A. assassinate the Weimar government’s leader.
B. overthrow the Weimar government.
C. buy votes for the upcoming election.
D. set the Reichstag on fire.

Answer 76

B. overthrow the Weimar government.

Question 77

What was the primary result of Hitler taking over the German economy?

A. Unemployment rose.
B. Unemployment fell.
C. Wages increased.
D. Work hours decreased.

Answer 77

B. Unemployment fell.

Question 78

In 1932, Hitler became chancellor after

A. the Nazi Party became the largest party in Germany.
B. he called for new elections.
C. the Parliament passed the Enabling Act.
D. a fire destroyed the Reichstag.

Answer 78

A. the Nazi Party became the largest party in Germany.

Question 79

As the Weimar Republic got weaker, the German people lost faith in

A. their economy.
B. US support.
C. socialist rule.
D. democratic rule.

Answer 79

D. democratic rule.

Question 80

Besides supporting Nazi ideas, what was the main purpose of Nazi propaganda?

A. turning public opinion against the Treaty of Versailles
B. turning public opinion against the US and its allies
C. blaming Jews and other groups for Germany’s problems
D. making Germany the wealthiest nation in the world

Answer 80

C. blaming Jews and other groups for Germany’s problems

Question 81

Hitler’s Mein Kampf primarily focused on

A. Hitler’s life story.
B. the Germans during WWI.
C. the ideology of the Nazi Party.
D. Hitler’s hatred of the Weimar Republic.

Answer 81

C. the ideology of the Nazi Party.

Question 82

The Weimar government collapsed in _______ .

A. 1923
B. 1925
C. 1933
D. 1935

Answer 82

C. 1933

Question 83

How did the SS enforce Nazi rule? Select three options.

1. They targeted all opposition to Nazi rule.
2. They killed anyone who refused to cooperate.
3. They had the power to arrest anyone for any reason.
4. They asked people to turn in those who were against Nazi rule.
5. They used terror, violence, and intimidation against people.

Answer 83

1. They targeted all opposition to Nazi rule.
2. They had the power to arrest anyone for any reason.
3. They used terror, violence, and intimidation against people.

Question 84

Adolf Hitler took control of the Nazi Party in _______ .

A. 1918
B. 1921
C. 1929
D. 1932

Answer 84

B. 1921

Question 85

The photograph shows children in Germany after WWI.

A photo of several children lining up for a bowl of soup being ladled out of a barrel.

The photograph was most likely taken to show

A. how children were abandoned after the war.
B. how foreigners helped children after the war.
C. the level of poverty in Germany after the war.
D. the level of government neglect after the war.

Answer 85

C. the level of poverty in Germany after the war.

Question 86

Which action is an example of anti-Semitism?

A. claiming Jewish business owners have damaged the economy
B. believing people of African descent harm a country’s culture
C. hating Muslim people because of their religious beliefs
D. accusing Asian politicians of trying to rule the world economy

Answer 86

A. claiming Jewish business owners have damaged the economy

Question 87

“The world seemed to be divided into two parts—those places where the Jews could not live and those where they could not enter.”

–Chaim Weizmann,
May 23, 1936

This quotation by Chaim Weizmann reflects

A. the relocation of thousands of refugees into the United States.
B. the resistance of many countries to accept Jewish refugees.
C. the lack of immigration quotas for Jews fleeing Germany.
D. the rejection of nativism and anti-Semitism in the United States.

Answer 87

B. the resistance of many countries to accept Jewish refugees.

Question 88

What happened during Kristallnacht in November 1938? Check all that apply.

1. Jewish businesses were vandalized.
2. Nazi soldiers tried to stop the attacks.
3. Many Jews were killed.
4. Thousands of Jews were sent to concentration camps.
5. Members of German mobs were arrested.
6. Thousands of synagogues were destroyed.

Answer 88

1. Jewish businesses were vandalized.
2. Many Jews were killed.
3. Thousands of Jews were sent to concentration camps.
4. Thousands of synagogues were destroyed.

Question 89

Why did the German government support boycotts of Jewish businesses?

A. to remove Jewish influence on the German economy
B. to give new business owners a better success rate
C. to increase the demand for Jewish products
D. to force Jews to participate in the government

Answer 89

A. to remove Jewish influence on the German economy

Question 90

In the 1930s, many countries refused to accept Jewish refugees because immigration quotas had already been _______ .

A. lowered
B. changed
C. revised
D. filled

Answer 90

D. filled

Question 91

In 1935, the German government passed laws stating that Jews were

A. forced to divorce Aryan spouses.
B. required to move to rural areas.
C. forced to use “non-Jewish” names.
D. deprived of the right to vote.

Answer 91

D. deprived of the right to vote.

Question 92

What anti-Semitic educational policy did the Nazis put in place in the 1930s?

A. The Nazis prevented Roma children from going to school.
B. The Nazis prevented Jewish children from going to school.
C. The Nazis limited the number of Russian students in universities.
D. The Nazis limited the number of Jewish students in universities.

Answer 92

D. The Nazis limited the number of Jewish students in universities.

Question 93

Kristallnacht was an example of an anti-Jewish _______ .

A. boycott
B. law
C. ghetto
D. pogrom

Answer 93

D. pogrom

Question 94

The Nazi Party divided humans into categories based on _______ .

A. ethnicity and appearance
B. education and occupation
C. ability and talent
D. wealth and social standing

Answer 94

A. ethnicity and appearance

Question 95

Why did Jewish emigration from Germany sharply increase from 1933 to 1939?

A. Germany had asked non-Aryans to relocate to other countries.
B. Jewish persecution was escalating in German-controlled areas.
C. Other countries offered better political opportunities for Jews.
D. Racial prejudice was decreasing in countries around the world.

Answer 95

B. Jewish persecution was escalating in German-controlled areas.

Question 96

Why was Hitler’s Mein Kampf such an influential book?

A. It persuaded German citizens to reject the nationalist movement.
B. It established anti-Semitism as an accepted belief in the party.
C. It encouraged feelings of hope among the Jewish community.
D. It explained why anti-Semitism was a hateful practice.

Answer 96

B. It established anti-Semitism as an accepted belief in the party.

Question 97

Why did the Nazis target several groups for persecution?

A. The Nazis considered the groups to be inferior.
B. The Nazis felt the groups should speak German.
C. The Nazis disliked groups from rural regions.
D. The Nazis believed the groups contained refugees.

Answer 97

A. The Nazis considered the groups to be inferior.

Question 98

In 1933, the Nazis initially built concentration camps to

A. house people with disabilities.
B. imprison Jewish leaders.
C. house political dissenters.
D. imprison minority groups.

Answer 98

C. house political dissenters.

Question 99

I have now given the British Government a memorandum with a final German proposal. . . . The contents of this proposal are very simple: The area whose population is German and which wants to join Germany, comes to Germany . . . right now, immediately! I have selected the border which, based on the information on the demographic and linguistic distribution in Czechoslovakia which has been available for decades, is just. . . . I have also assured [Britain], and I repeat this assurance here, that, once this problem is solved, there exist no further territorial problems for Germany in Europe! . . . My patience is now exhausted! I have made Mr. Benes [the leader of Czechoslovakia] an offer. . . . The decision is in his hands! Peace or war! Either he accepts this offer and finally gives the Germans their freedom, or we will come and take this freedom ourselves!

–Speech on the Sudetenland,
Adolf Hitler, 1938

What information from this document might be useful if you wanted to explain that Germany had an aggressive foreign policy?

A. the description of the border Hitler has chosen for the Sudetenland
B. the assurance that this is the only territory that interests Germany
C. the announcement that Hitler has given a memo to the British government
D. the declaration that if Germany is not given the Sudetenland, it will invade

Answer 99

D. the declaration that if Germany is not given the Sudetenland, it will invade

Question 100

The Nazi Party seized control of the German State in 1933. [The Nazis lived in constant fear of overthrow and created concentration camps to confine thousands of political prisoners.]. . .New political crimes were created to this end. It was made a treason, punishable with death, to organize or support a political party other than the Nazi Party. . . . Laws were enacted of such ambiguity that they could be used to punish almost any innocent act. It was, for example, made a crime to provoke “any act contrary to the public welfare.” . . . The Gestapo and the SD were instrumentalities of an espionage system which penetrated public and private life. . . . All privacy of communication was abolished. Upon the strength of this spying individuals were dragged off to “protective custody” and to concentration camps without legal proceedings of any kind.

–Robert Jackson, 1946

Which characteristics of totalitarian rule does this document describe? Check all that apply.

A. official ideology
B. single-party state
C. secret police force
D. aggressive foreign policy
E. state control of the media

Answer 100

A. official ideology
B. single-party state
C. secret police force

Question 101

I have now given the British Government a memorandum with a final German proposal. . . . The contents of this proposal are very simple: The area whose population is German and which wants to join Germany, comes to Germany . . . right now, immediately! I have selected the border which, based on the information on the demographic and linguistic distribution in Czechoslovakia which has been available for decades, is just. . . . I have also assured [Britain], and I repeat this assurance here, that, once this problem is solved, there exist no further territorial problems for Germany in Europe! . . . My patience is now exhausted! I have made Mr. Benes [the leader of Czechoslovakia] an offer. . . . The decision is in his hands! Peace or war! Either he accepts this offer and finally gives the Germans their freedom, or we will come and take this freedom ourselves!

–Speech on the Sudetenland,
Adolf Hitler, 1938

What important characteristic related to totalitarianism does this document demonstrate?

A. Germany was reluctant to wage war against its enemies.
B. Germany maintained a strong relationship with Great Britain.
C. Germany was not interested in annexing any territory in Europe.
D. Germany was willing to take an aggressive stance with its neighbors.

Answer 101

D. Germany was willing to take an aggressive stance with its neighbors.

Question 102

“Deutschland Erwache!”

Awake, Germany! There was thunderous applause. Then the masses took a solemn oath “to save Germany in Bavaria from Bolshevism.”

I do not know how to describe the emotions that swept over me as I heard this man. His words were like a scourge. When he spoke of the disgrace of Germany, I felt ready to spring on any enemy. His appeal to German manhood was like a call to arms, the gospel he preached a sacred truth. He seemed another Luther. I forgot everything but the man; then, glancing round, I saw that his magnetism was holding these thousands as one.

Of course I was ripe for this experience. I was a man of thirty-two, weary of disgust and disillusionment, a wanderer seeking a cause; a patriot without a channel for his patriotism, a yearner after the heroic without a hero. The intense will of the man, the passion of his sincerity seemed to flow from him into me. I experienced an exaltation that could be likened only to religious conversion.

I felt sure that no one who had heard Hitler that afternoon could doubt that he was the man of destiny, the vitalizing force in the future of Germany.

–I Knew Hitler,
Kurt G.W. Ludecke, 1937

Which statement best describes this author’s point of view?

A. Hitler was a scourge who would bring disgrace to Germany.
B. Hitler had strong ideas but did not inspire strong support from Germans.
C. Hitler was a charismatic leader who appealed to the German people.
D. Hitler had the ability to influence some people, but not true German patriots.

Answer 102

C. Hitler was a charismatic leader who appealed to the German people.

Question 103

June 1919: The Treaty of Versailles is signed.
Nov. 1923: Hitler and the SA attempt a coup but fail to seize control of the government.
May 1924: While in prison, Hitler writes Mein Kampf. It is published a year later.
Feb. 1925: The SS is established.
Jan. 1933: Hitler is named chancellor of Germany.
Mar. 1933: The Enabling Act is passed, making Hitler a dictator.
Apr. 1933: Hitler announces a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
June 1938: The Anschluss occurs.
Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht occurs.
Sept. 1939: Germany invades Poland.
Which entries would help a writer discuss Nazi ideology? Check all that apply.

A. May 1924: Hitler writes Mein Kampf.
B. Jan. 1933: Hitler is named chancellor of Germany.
C. Mar. 1933: The Enabling Act is passed.
D. Apr. 1933: Hitler announces a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
E. Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht occurs.

Answer 103

A. May 1924: Hitler writes Mein Kampf.
D. Apr. 1933: Hitler announces a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
E. Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht occurs.

Question 104

The Führer . . . is the lawgiver of the German people. . . . We must speak not of the state’s authority but of the Führer’s authority if we wish to designate the character of the political authority within the Reich correctly. . . . The authority of the Führer is complete and all-embracing. . . . It extends into all fields of national life; it embraces the entire people, which is bound to the Führer in loyalty and obedience. The authority of the Führer is not limited by checks and controls, by special autonomous bodies or individual rights, but it is free and independent, all-inclusive and unlimited. . . . It is derived from the people; that is, it is entrusted to the Führer by the people.

–Constitutional Law of the Greater German Reich,
Ernst Huber, 1939

What does this document demonstrate about Germany’s government?

A. Germany was a dictatorship, with all power in the hands of Adolf Hitler.
B. Germany was a single-party state, run by leading members of the Nazi Party.
C. Multiple political parties existed, but the Nazi Party proved most popular with voters.
D. Although there was a system of checks and balances, no one wanted to oppose Hitler.

Answer 104

A. Germany was a dictatorship, with all power in the hands of Adolf Hitler.

Question 105

Read a sentence from the first draft of a document-based essay on the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany.

Hitler announced a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.

Which details would provide helpful factual support for this sentence? Select four answers.

1. the date Hitler made the announcement
2. the names of all German business owners
3. a quote from Hitler’s announcement
4. the reaction of Jewish business owners
5. the types of businesses that were boycotted
6. the names of popular German goods in the 1930s

Answer 105

1. the date Hitler made the announcement
2. a quote from Hitler’s announcement
3. the reaction of Jewish business owners
4. the types of businesses that were boycotted

Question 106

The map shows territory taken over by Japan during the 1930s.

A map titled Japanese expansion, 1930 to 1939. It shows that Japan expanded its territory to include Korea, Manchuria, and part of China on the Asia mainland; and several island groups in the South Pacific.

This map could be used to support a document-based essay on

A. Japanese industrialization.
B. Japanese imperialism.
C. World War I battles.
D. World War II battles.

Answer 106

B. Japanese imperialism.

Question 107

When analyzing passages for a document-based essay, it is most important to consider

A. how to paraphrase the text.
B. the historical context of the text.
C. if the text has effective language.
D. if the text includes photographs.

Answer 107

B. the historical context of the text.

Question 108

What is the last phase of writing a document-based essay?

A. the draft phase
B. the outline phase
C. the research phase
D. the revision phase

Answer 108

D. the revision phase

Question 109

The graphic organizer explains the structure of a document-based essay.

A flowchart showing three steps connected by arrows. Step 1, Introduction. Step 2, Body paragraphs. Step 3, Conclusion.

A final version of the writer’s viewpoint should be included in the

A. introduction.
B. first body paragraph.
C. second body paragraph.
D. conclusion.

Answer 109

D. conclusion.

Question 110

Read this excerpt from the body paragraph of a document-based essay on the government of Nazi Germany.

The government of Nazi Germany had a secret police force known as the Gestapo.

How could this excerpt be improved as the writer revises the essay?

A. The writer could rewrite the sentence as a thesis statement.
B. The writer could include more details and factual support.
C. The writer could add a statement that sets up the topic.
D. The writer could add a summary to restate the topic.

Answer 110

B. The writer could include more details and factual support.

Question 111

This graphic organizer shows facts and details about Nazi Germany.

A graphic organizer with two columns is shown. Column 1 is labeled Aggressive foreign policy with entry Germany annexed Austria and the Sudetenland and eventually invaded Poland; Doc 5. Column 2 is labeled Official ideology with entries The Nazis created their own flags, salutes and uniforms; doc 6. In 1925, Hitler published Mein Kampf, the book that would outline Nazi ideology; doc 4.

The organizer could be best used for an essay on

A. charismatic dictators of totalitarian governments.
B. Nazi Germany as an example of a totalitarian state.
C. the use of education to indoctrinate young people.
D. the use of propaganda to influence citizens.

Answer 111

B. Nazi Germany as an example of a totalitarian state.

Question 112

This timeline focuses on Germany’s history in the first half of the twentieth century.

• June 1919: Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles.
• May 1924: Hitler writes Mein Kampf in prison.
• Jan. 1933: Hitler becomes the Chancellor of Germany.
• Mar. 1933: The Enabling Act makes Hitler a dictator.
• Apr. 1933: Hitler announces a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
• June 1938: The Anschluss occurs as Germany takes over Austria.
• Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht occurs, destroying Jewish-owned businesses.
• Sept. 1939: Germany invades Poland.

Which entries could best be used to support a document-based essay on Nazi Germany’s aggressive foreign policy? Select two answers.

1. June 1919
2. May 1924
3. January 1933
4. June 1938
5. November 1938
6. September 1939

Answer 112

4. June 1938
5. September 1939

Question 113

To show how one fact relates to another in a document-based essay, a writer should

A. draft a strong conclusion.
B. include an effective transition.
C. cite sources in the proper format.
D. find facts from an unbiased source.

Answer 113

B. include an effective transition.

Question 114

This excerpt could best be used to support a document-based essay on

A. Mussolini’s fall from power.
B. Mussolini’s role as a charismatic dictator.
C. Italy’s high unemployment rates.
D. Italy’s alliance with Nazi Germany.

Answer 114

B. Mussolini’s role as a charismatic dictator.

Question 115

Why was Joseph Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan considered a success, even though it did not meet the quotas he set?

A. The economy still made sizable gains.
B. People were willing to be patient.
C. Few expected the quotas to be met.
D. Stalin misreported economic data.

Answer 115

A. The economy still made sizable gains.

Question 116

When ethnic and religious groups are _______ a country’s problems, the country can face an ethnic crisis.

A. forgiven for
B. not part of
C. blamed for
D. free from

Answer 116

C. blamed for

Question 117

What did German citizens need to be convinced of in order to accept the belief that the Third Reich could fix Germany’s problems?

A. that Germany was inferior to other nations
B. that they should work harder at their jobs and accept lower pay
C. that they should support Jews and other groups
D. that they should accept totalitarian rule and Hitler as their leader

Answer 117

D. that they should accept totalitarian rule and Hitler as their leader

Question 118

The photo shows a Nazi officer posting a sign on a store run by a Jewish business owner.

A photo of a German Nazi in uniform taping up a sign on the shop window of a business. Translated, the sign reads, “Germans! Defend yourself! Buy nothing from Jews!”

The sign reads “Germans! Defend yourself! Buy nothing from Jews!” to support the Nazi belief that Jewish business owners were

A. purposefully destroying the economy.
B. planning to attack German citizens.
C. selling useless products to Germans.
D. planning to harm other minority groups.

Answer 118

A. purposefully destroying the economy.

Question 119

When Tsar Nicholas II took over command of the army during WWI, who did he leave in charge of the government?

A. Rasputin
B. Kerensky
C. the Duma
D. Tsarina Alexandra

Answer 119

D. Tsarina Alexandra

Question 120

What economic advantage did the Nazis gain from putting Jews in ghettos?

A. The government spent less money on health care for its citizens.
B. The government used them as cheap labor to create war materials.
C. The government could train young Jewish men to become soldiers.
D. The government had less need to deport Jews to other countries.

Answer 120

B. The government used them as cheap labor to create war materials.

Question 121

During the revision phase for a document-based essay, a writer should

A. check that the topic is clear and the language is effective.
B. identify academic, non-biased sources for research.
C. cite information from several relevant sources.
D. analyze the prompt and identify the format.

Answer 121

A. check that the topic is clear and the language is effective.

Question 122

Which is the best definition of a command economy?

A. an economy based on supply and demand
B. an economy managed by the government
C. an economy based on one type of product
D. an economy under the command of workers

Answer 122

B. an economy managed by the government

Question 123

What was the most effective method used by the German government to get the populace to accept Nazi ideology?

A. creating propaganda
B. blaming Jews for Germany’s problems
C. burning all books
D. taking over all newspapers in Germany

Answer 123

A. creating propaganda

Question 124

What was the primary purpose of the German racial purity laws?

A. to reduce the overall population of Germany
B. to increase the Aryan population
C. to decrease the Aryan population
D. to encourage an ethnically diverse population

Answer 124

B. to increase the Aryan population

Question 125

After he came to power, Lenin established the Cheka. What was the Cheka’s goal?

A. to revive Russia’s industries
B. to identify enemies of the Russian Revolution
C. to bring democracy to Russia
D. to reassure the Russian people

Answer 125

B. to identify enemies of the Russian Revolution

Question 126

Dictators of _______ states use terror and violence to control their populations.

A. totalitarian
B. democratic
C. socialist
D. libertarian

Answer 126

A. totalitarian

Question 127

Totalitarianism is an extreme form of _______ government that attempts to totally control citizens’ lives.

A. authoritarian
B. democratic
C. libertarian
D. anarchistic

Answer 127

A. authoritarian

Question 128

Which describes the Nazi policy regarding German youth?

A. Boys and girls were trained for military service.
B. Children were required to join the Hitler Youth.
C. Children had to be sixteen to learn the Nazi ideology.
D. Boys and girls were trained to take care of the home.

Answer 128

B. Children were required to join the Hitler Youth.