Cumulative Exam 1

Question 1

The chart shows changes in world manufacturing between 1870 and 1913.

A 3-column table with 6 rows. Column 1 is labeled Country with the following entries: Germany, Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Italy. Column 2 is labeled Percentage of world manufacturing, 1870, with entries 13%, 32%, 10%, 4%, 3%, 2%. Column 3 is labeled Percentage of world manufacturing, 1913, with entries 16%, 14%, 6%, 6%, 2%, 3%.

By 1913, which of these countries had the largest percentage of the world’s manufacturing?

A. France
B. Germany
C. Great Britain
D. Russia

Answer 1

B. Germany

Question 2

Which of these would be the best thesis statement for an essay on Japan’s imperialist policies?

A. Japan used many tactics to force Korea to modernize.
B. Japan used two main methods of leadership to control Korea.
C. Japan tried unsuccessfully to remove all aspects of Korean culture.
D. Japan wanted to destroy Korean government and culture.

Answer 2

B. Japan used two main methods of leadership to control Korea.

Question 3

Which best describes how education changed during the Enlightenment?

A. Religious doctrine was banished from education.
B. Mathematics became integral to all disciplines.
C. Education centered on humans’ relationships with nature.
D. Reason was applied to different disciplines.

Answer 3

D. Reason was applied to different disciplines.

Question 4

In a capitalist system, people who work hard are rewarded. Why do socialists criticize this approach?

A. They say it bankrupts the economy.
B. They believe that no one should be paid for work.
C. They say it results in an unfair distribution of wealth.
D. They believe it makes everyone try to work too hard.

Answer 4

C. They say it results in an unfair distribution of wealth.

Question 5

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a nationalist of descent.

A. German
B. Russian
C. Serbian
D. Bosnian

Answer 5

C. Serbian

Question 6

By 1900, more people in the industrialized world were attending concerts, theater performances, and sporting events. What is the best explanation for this change? Check all that apply.

1. More people were interested in learning new things.
2. More people had more time to enjoy leisure activities.
3. More people were given free admission to events by wealthy donors.
4. More people could afford to spend money on leisure activities.
5. More people were out of work and looking for distractions.

Answer 6

1. More people were interested in learning new things.
2. More people had more time to enjoy leisure activities.
3. More people could afford to spend money on leisure activities.

Question 7

Which Mexican leader tried to introduce stability through liberal reforms?

A. Benito Juarez
B. Porfirio Diaz
C. Francisco Madero
D. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Answer 7

A. Benito Juarez

Question 8

Both the Magna Carta and the Petition of Right addressed issues related to

A. war.
B. property.
C. taxation.
D. religion.

Answer 8

C. taxation.

Question 9

This is a picture of a woman from the 1920s.

In this photo, a woman is posing with her left arm on her hip. Her hair is bobbed, and she is wearing a flapper dress and high heels. Most of her shoulders and all of her arms are exposed, and the fabric of the dress is sheer.
In the postwar era, women’s style and clothing became more

A. revealing.
B. formal.
C. restrictive.
D. feminine.

Answer 9

A. revealing.

Question 10

What is the most likely reason that nations raised tariffs on imports during the Great Depression?

A. They wanted to help other nations profit from trade.
B. They wanted to terminate all trade with other nations.
C. They wanted to increase sales of their own products.
D. They wanted to encourage more profitable imports.

Answer 10

C. They wanted to increase sales of their own products.

Question 11

Which is the best example of modernization?

A. trading a farming plow for a tractor
B. adding more books to a library’s shelves
C. celebrating the holidays of another country
D. graduating with a degree in education

Answer 11

A. trading a farming plow for a tractor

Question 12

How did innovations in manufacturing lead to improvements in transportation?

A. Goods were produced efficiently and needed more efficient transportation.
B. Goods became more valuable and required safer transportation.
C. Inventions used in textile production also improved transportation systems.
D. Multiple cottage industries meant an increased need for travel to cities.

Answer 12

A. Goods were produced efficiently and needed more efficient transportation.

Question 13

Which best describes why industry existed in the larger American port cities before industrialization?

A. The railroad linked these cities to the rest of the country.
B. The industry was established by the British military in the colonial period.
C. These cities were built on rivers and harbors and had plenty of workers.
D. Entrepreneurs lived in these cities and started businesses there.

Answer 13

C. These cities were built on rivers and harbors and had plenty of workers.

Question 14

Tyranny was used to exert control over citizens in Latin America, with the hope of ending instability. It often resulted in

A. increased stability.
B. dictatorships.
C. rebellion.
D. liberal reforms.

Answer 14

C. rebellion.

Question 15

Most socialists believe that the best way to improve society is to

A. outlaw political parties and ban elections.
B. allow businesses and individuals to follow their own best interests.
C. insist that the government protects the interests of workers and consumers.
D. allow businesses to follow the principles of cooperation and sharing.

Answer 15

C. insist that the government protects the interests of workers and consumers.

Question 16

Which best describes how industrialization changed the American economy?

A. Industrialization moved the economy away from agriculture.
B. Industrialization eliminated the need for imported goods.
C. Industrialization created an export market for American goods.
D. Industrialization created new domestic markets.

Answer 16

A. Industrialization moved the economy away from agriculture.

Question 17

What was one result of French rule in Vietnam?

A. Existing Vietnamese leaders were allowed to maintain their leadership positions.
B. All leaders were required to renounce their Vietnamese citizenship.
C. Vietnamese rulers were given impressive-sounding, but meaningless, positions.
D. Anyone who converted to Christianity was allowed many rights and benefits that were not given to others.

Answer 17

C. Vietnamese rulers were given impressive-sounding, but meaningless, positions.

Question 18

Which describes tenant farmers?

A. They farm and live on the same land.
B. They rent land to other farmers to use.
C. They live in cities and work in rural areas.
D. They farm land owned by someone else.

Answer 18

D. They farm land owned by someone else.

Question 19

The English Bill of Rights laid the foundation for

A. the Glorious Revolution.
B. the American Revolution.
C. a representative republic.
D. a constitutional monarchy.

Answer 19

D. a constitutional monarchy.

Question 20

What happened to skilled workers during the Industrial Revolution?

A. They became more valuable to entrepreneurs.
B. They had to be retrained to operate machines.
C. They went to work in factories at high salaries.
D. They were replaced by unskilled workers.

Answer 20

D. They were replaced by unskilled workers.

Question 21

Emperor Guangxu instituted sweeping reforms to modernize the government and the economy, and as a result

A. Empress Cixi had him arrested.
B. Empress Cixi supported him.
C. China surged forward economically.
D. China’s people supported him.

Answer 21

A. Empress Cixi had him arrested.

Question 22

What is the best definition of nationalism?

A. concern for a nation above concern for individuals who live there
B. belief that one’s nation should be more powerful than any other nation
C. desire by a group with a shared background to form their own nation
D. faith in the power of nations to join together and form a united front

Answer 22

C. desire by a group with a shared background to form their own nation

Question 23

What was Germany’s role in the discussions that ended with the Treaty of Versailles?

A. Germany participated in the discussions.
B. Germany was excluded from the discussions.
C. Germany refused to attend the discussions.
D. Germany walked out of the discussions.

Answer 23

B. Germany was excluded from the discussions.

Question 24

What was the most important reason civilians were urged to substitute goods during the war?

A. to allow a variety of factories to stay in business
B. to show their support for the war effort
C. to keep households from going hungry
D. to enable the armed forces to have enough supplies

Answer 24

D. to enable the armed forces to have enough supplies

Question 25

Which phrase is associated with John Locke?

A. “the pursuit of happiness”
B. “nasty, brutish, and short”
C. “life, liberty, and property”
D. “for the people, by the people”

Answer 25

C. “life, liberty, and property”

Question 26

What do Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia have in common?

A. They were both ancient empires in Eastern Europe.
B. They were both located on the Atlantic Ocean.
C. They were both created by the Treaty of Versailles.
D. They were both on the Allied side in World War I.

Answer 26

C. They were both created by the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 27

Which best describes what Einstein’s theories tried to explain?

A. the creation of the universe
B. evolution and human development
C. how the physical world functions
D. the possibility of time travel

Answer 27

C. how the physical world functions

Question 28

Read the passage from President Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” speech.

We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world.

Which statement is the best summary of this passage from President Wilson’s speech?

A. As long as Germany agrees to join other peace-loving nations, it will be treated with leniency in the aftermath of the war.
B. As long as Germany agrees to make reparations to peace-loving nations, it will be forgiven for starting the war.
C. Germany must first agree to rebuild the countries it damaged, then it can join other peace-loving nations.
D. Germany must first be punished for starting the war, then it can join other peace-loving nations.

Answer 28

A. As long as Germany agrees to join other peace-loving nations, it will be treated with leniency in the aftermath of the war.

Question 29

Why did Britain oppose the idea of self-determination in the “Fourteen Points” plan?

A. It wanted to protect its naval interests.
B. It wanted to protect its global empire.
C. It wanted to protect its trade agreements.
D. It wanted to protect its armament rights.

Answer 29

B. It wanted to protect its global empire.

Question 30

When Germany experienced inflation, prices for goods

A. decreased.
B. went up and down.
C. stayed the same.
D. increased.

Answer 30

D. increased.

Question 31

Which electric appliance emerged in the postwar era?

A. the vacuum cleaner
B. the clothes dryer
C. the sewing machine
D. the stove/oven

Answer 31

A. the vacuum cleaner

Question 32

To spur US recovery after the Great Depression, President Roosevelt

A. loosened strict banking rules and oversight.
B. eliminated many forms of government funding.
C. restored pre-Depression stock market regulations.
D. enacted numerous relief and welfare programs.

Answer 32

D. enacted numerous relief and welfare programs.

Question 33

What was Germany’s role in the discussions that ended with the Treaty of Versailles?

A. Germany participated in the discussions.
B. Germany was excluded from the discussions.
C. Germany refused to attend the discussions.
D. Germany walked out of the discussions.

Answer 33

B. Germany was excluded from the discussions.

Question 34

During the Paris Peace Conference, France demanded more land on its border with Germany as

A. retribution for property damage.
B. payback for land lost during the war.
C. revenge for land lost in past wars.
D. protection against future attacks.

Answer 34

D. protection against future attacks.

Question 35

Which best describes the overall type of art that emerged in the postwar period?

A. surreal
B. abstract
C. realistic
D. cubist

Answer 35

B. abstract

Question 36

In exchange for the inclusion of the “war guilt” clause in the Treaty of Versailles, France agreed to support the

A. League of Nations.
B. United Nations.
C. Fourteen Points Plan.
D. Paris Peace Conference.

Answer 36

A. League of Nations.

Question 37

This political cartoon appeared in an American newspaper in 1921.

A cartoon shows a man, representing Germany, laying on the ground with his head resting on one of his hands. A giant bag of money is sitting on him. It is labeled “Reparations, 55 billion dollars.”

“Let’s see you collect it,” New York World (1921)”

Which best represents the cartoonist’s point of view regarding Germany and its war debts?

A. disapproval, because Germany is refusing to pay its war debts
B. approval, because Germany is eager and willing to pay its war debts
C. sympathy, because Germany has a large debt that will be difficult to pay
D. hostility, because Germany started the war and caused great destruction

Answer 37

C. sympathy, because Germany has a large debt that will be difficult to pay

Question 38

The League of Nations was established by the Treaty of Versailles in the year ______.

A. 1919
B. 1928
C. 1933
D. 1945

Answer 38

A. 1919

Question 39

What is the most likely reason that nations raised tariffs on imports during the Great Depression?

A. They wanted to help other nations profit from trade.
B. They wanted to terminate all trade with other nations.
C. They wanted to increase sales of their own products.
D. They wanted to encourage more profitable imports.

Answer 39

C. They wanted to increase sales of their own products.

Question 40

During the Great Depression, the United States demanded repayment of loans it made to European nations for

A. industrial development.
B. World War I expenses.
C. unemployed workers.
D. stock market losses.

Answer 40

B. World War I expenses.

Question 41

What made Americans so willing to engage in stock market speculation in the 1920s?

A. People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk.
B. Speculation was the lowest-risk way to invest in the stock market.
C. People felt they had little to lose, and there were few other options.
D. Speculation helped many low-income people move to the middle class.

Answer 41

A. People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk.

Question 42

In the year _____, the US stock market collapsed.

A. 1929
B. 1921
C. 1933
D. 1941

Answer 42

A. 1929

Question 43

In which way did Great Britain’s leaders try to recover from the Great Depression?

A. by lowering taxes to improve personal incomes
B. by lessening control over national currency
C. by lowering interest rates to help business
D. by lessening reliance on exports and imports

Answer 43

C. by lowering interest rates to help business

Question 44

Read this excerpt from US President Franklin Roosevelt’s first inaugural address in 1933.

The withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone.

More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence.

On the basis of this excerpt, what is one improvement Roosevelt was likely to strive for?

A. less industrial waste
B. an increase in jobs
C. more farmlands
D. a decrease in produce

Answer 44

B. an increase in jobs

Question 45

The global economic crisis following World War I was caused by

A. widespread unemployment.
B. unpaid WWI debts.
C. the Great Depression.
D. overspeculation.

Answer 45

B. unpaid WWI debts.

Question 46

Why did European nations face financial challenges after World War I? Select two answers.

1. They needed to recruit soldiers for the military.
2. They needed to rebuild destroyed infrastructure.
3. They needed to pay higher salaries to workers.
4. They needed to repay money they had borrowed.
5. They needed to finance students’ education.

Answer 46

2. They needed to rebuild destroyed infrastructure.
3. They needed to repay money they had borrowed.

Question 47

President Franklin Roosevelt’s domestic program, called the ______, spurred economic recovery in the United States.

A. New Deal
B. Great Depression
C. Inauguration
D. Reparation

Answer 47

A. New Deal

Question 48

Why did people demand not just banking and stock market reform but also new forms of government after the Great Depression?

A. Governments refused to make post-Depression financial reforms.
B. The Depression shattered people’s confidence in the government.
C. Banks and stock markets were minimally responsible for the Depression.
D. Resentment of existing governments began well before the Depression.

Answer 48

B. The Depression shattered people’s confidence in the government.

Question 49

A factor that weakened the US economy following its initial surge was the unequal distribution of _____.

A. welfare
B. wealth
C. housing
D. farmland

Answer 49

B. wealth

Question 50

The term _______ was used by writer Gertrude Stein to describe those left deeply disillusioned by World War I.

A. Lost Generation
B. Baby Boomer
C. Beat Generation
D. Tea Party

Answer 50

A. Lost Generation

Question 51

As proved by the transatlantic flights of Lindbergh and Earhart, postwar airplanes were engineered to fly _____.

A. for greater distances
B. with heavier loads
C. at lower altitudes
D. at higher altitudes

Answer 51

A. for greater distances

Question 52

The graph shows the percentage of US homes with electricity.

A bar graph where the x axis shows the years 1910, 1920, 1930 and the y axis shows the percentage of homes, from 0 to 90. For all homes: 1910, 10%; 1920, 35%; 1930, 67%. For urban homes: 1910, 10%; 1920, 48%; 1930, 83%.
Between 1910 and 1930, what was the approximate increase in US homes with electricity?

A. 30%
B. 40%
C. 55%
D. 75%

Answer 52

C. 55%

Question 53

What right did women in the United States win by 1930?

A. the right to work
B. the right to vote
C. the right to join the military
D. the right to run for office

Answer 53

B. the right to vote

Question 54

With which field of science is Albert Einstein associated?

A. biology
B. chemistry
C. medicine
D. physics

Answer 54

D. physics

Question 55

What notion was challenged by the work of postwar-era scientists?

A. There are no answers.
B. Accuracy is impossible.
C. Science can explain everything.
D. Scientific theories reflect reality.

Answer 55

C. Science can explain everything.

Question 56

What is a main characteristic of jazz music?

A. Jazz artists use improvisation in their performances.
B. Jazz music first started in Great Britain.
C. Jazz artists follow traditional rhythms and structures.
D. Jazz produced no famous or popular artists.

Answer 56

A. Jazz artists use improvisation in their performances.

Question 57

Which type of therapy did Sigmund Freud introduce?

A. psychoanalysis
B. psychiatry
C. physical therapy
D. psychology

Answer 57

A. psychoanalysis

Question 58

Which social changes occurred after World War I and prior to World War II? Choose three answers.

1. civil rights for African Americans
2. increased mobility through technology
3. new roles for women
4. educational opportunities for veterans
5. breaks with tradition

Answer 58

2. increased mobility through technology
3. new roles for women
4. breaks with tradition

Question 59

After World War I, how did new theories about science differ from past ideas?

A. New theories emphasized using technology to find answers.
B. New theories recognized that explanations were not always possible.
C. New theories aimed to provide hope through science.
D. New theories reflected changes that were happening in society at large.

Answer 59

B. New theories recognized that explanations were not always possible.