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Geography Tests > Unit Test 3 > Flashcards

Unit Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a resource?

A

Anything that can be used to produce goods and services, such as raw materials.

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2
Q

What are the different types of resources?

A

Renewable resources, non-renewable resources, flow resources, and other resources.

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3
Q

What is a renewable resource?

A

Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully.

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4
Q

What is a non-renewable resource?

A

Resources that are limited and can’t be replaced once used up.

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5
Q

What is a flow resource?

A

Resources that are replaced by natural actions whether used or not by humans.

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6
Q

What are the three industries?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary.

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7
Q

Explain the Primary industry.

A

Industries that extract the raw materials from the environment.

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8
Q

Explain the Secondary industry.

A

Industries that are involved in the manufacturing/processing of raw items.

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9
Q

Explain the Tertiary industry.

A

Industries that are concentrated in the service sector.

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10
Q

How can individuals think about using resources wisely?

A

People need to realize that buying items isn’t just about the cost, its also about how it affects the environment.

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11
Q

How can companies think about using resources wisely?

A

Companies can save money when they abide by these rules because using less resources means having to spend less on those resources, meaning they make more money.

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12
Q

How can the government think about using resources wisely?

A

The government can offer both rewards and punishments. These are called carrots and sticks.

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13
Q

What is a carrot? (Provide an example)

A

A carrot is a reward that the government can give to the people if they follow these rules.

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14
Q

What is a stick? (Provide an example)

A

A stick is a punishment that the government can give for wasting resources or using it on things that are harming the environment.

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15
Q

Why do most Canadians take their food for granted?

A

Most of the time the food we have is always ready and is there when you want it. We also pay relatively little for the foods we have.

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16
Q

What two major factors influence farming?

A

Climate (temperature and precipitation) and land quality.

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17
Q

What is a GDD?

A

Growing degree-days. It is a measure of how warm the growing season is in a specific location.

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18
Q

Why is it so important to manage Class 1-4 lands?

A

The amount of land that is labelled as good to excellent farmland is 5%, while the rest is considered to low quality for agriculture.

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19
Q

What percentage of land is good to excellent for agriculture?

A

Around 5%.

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20
Q

What percentage of land is class 7? (Worst land)

A

Around 87%.

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21
Q

What is the difference between intensive and extensive farming?

A

Intensive farming requires relatively small areas of land while extensive need large areas of land. Intensive farms have lots of manual labor (workers) while extensive usually has less. Intensive are often located near urban areas while extensive create wheat and oil for exporting.

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22
Q

What is hydroponics?

A

Hydroponics is the use of water with no soil to grow the different plants. (Lettuce)

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23
Q

What is aeroponics?

A

Aeroponics is the use of mist with no soil to grow the different plants.

24
Q

What is aquaponics?

A

Aquaponics is when the waste produced by farmed fish is used for plants to grow, in turn making the water purified.

25
Q

What are some positives to hydroponics?

A

Doesn’t negatively impact the surrounding soils. The water is managed to optimize usage. Plants can grow up to 365 days a year. No pesticides or any other bacteria killing sprays are required.

26
Q

What are some positives to aeroponics?

A

Minimizes water (95% less). Uses recycled materials. No pesticides or any other bacteria killing sprays are required. Use of LED lights to cut electricity use and costs. Crops also grow 365 days a year. Reduced CO2 emissions as food is grown closer to consumers.

27
Q

What are some positives to aquaponics?

A

Two great food sources (Fish, Vegetables). Less water needed. Can be built in a variety of sizes and locations.

28
Q

What do environmentalists think about the sustainable yield management of forestry?

A

They understand that it provides jobs for many people. However, they believe these forests should be preserved in their natural state.

29
Q

What do the people who work in these forests think about sustainable yield management of forestry?

A

They also agree with what the environmentalists say and that the forests should protect it however, not at the cost of denying economic value.

30
Q

What is the FSC?

A

They are the Forestry Stewardship Council. They certify the the sustainability of forestry operations and products.

31
Q

Why should you look for the FSC logo?

A

This logo means the companies or products have met FSC’s standards.

32
Q

Why is fishing important to Canadians?

A

Fishing is important because of three main reasons. They provide many people in Canada a job especially in the industries in Atlantic Canada and some in BC. Fishing is also Canada’s oldest industry which creates a uniqueness to it. Fishing is also important as it taught us many valuable lessons when it comes to sustainable yield management.

33
Q

What are the three types of fish?

A

Groundfish, Pelagic fish, and Shellfish.

34
Q

What is a groundfish? (Provide 3 examples.)

A

Fish that is fed and caught near the ocean floor. Cod, Pollock, Haddock.

35
Q

What is a pelagic fish? (Provide 3 examples.)

A

Fish that are fed and caught near the surface. Salmon, Tuna, Herring.

36
Q

What is a shellfish? (Provide 3 examples.)

A

Animals without backbones but hard, defensive shells. Lobster, Shrimp, Oysters.

37
Q

What is the difference between inshore and offshore fishing?

A

Inshore is closer to the shore while offshore is usually an expedition and the workers stay on the boat for longer periods of time. Inshore provides 10% of the total catch with 85% of the fishing industry labor force being used here while 90% is offshore and 15% of fishing industry labor force. The ownership of the boats for inshore is often individuals while for offshore, it is large companies.

38
Q

What was the Newfoundland Cod Moratorium?

A

This was a period of time when cod was being mined too much. This resulted in John Crosby banning the mining of Atlantic Cod.

39
Q

What effects did it leave on the Newfoundlanders?

A

Many were shocked. A lot of them depended on the fish as both income and a form of food. Over 40,000 people lost their job overnight and the cities became enraged at this new rule. The moratorium lasted for over 20 years as many people left Newfoundland to find new jobs in the other parts of Canada.

40
Q

Why is sustainable yield management of commercial fishing important? What is the MSC doing?

A

It is very important as it is a lot harder to manage the fish than it is for forestry as an example. It is important that our species of fish doesn’t go extinct the Marine Stewardship Council is an organization that has set the standards for sustainable fishing, making sure that most third party fisheries provide sustainable management.

41
Q

What is the issue that many Indigenous communities are having with water.

A

A lot of the water that they get are tagged with three different advisories. Do not consume, Boil water advisory and the Do not use advisory. This means that most of the water they get is not clean and drinking it will result in getting sick.

42
Q

What are the two most important fossil fuels?

A

Oil and Natural gas.

43
Q

Why is there a concern over hydraulic fracturing? (Fracking)

A

Fracking is when water is used to mine the natural gas in the rocks. There is a lot of concern over fracking as it affects both the citizens around the areas they are doing this and the resources they use. A lot of freshwater is being used and many other toxic materials are being used as well.

44
Q

What are the four sectors of energy used in? Which one uses the most?

A

Industrial, Residential, Commercial and institutional, and transportation. Currently, Industrial uses the most energy.

45
Q

What are the three ways they could assume this usage?

A

Population, Economic growth, and Re-thinking.

46
Q

Where does Canada rank amongst the world leading mining nations?

A

Canada ranks second behind Australia.

47
Q

What are the three mining methods used in Canada?

A

Strip, Open-pit, and underground.

48
Q

What is strip mining?

A

The cheapest out of the three mining methods, used to extract minerals from the surface.

49
Q

What is open-pit mining?

A

This is more expensive than strip mining. It is used to get minerals relatively close to the surface. Diamonds are required using this method.

50
Q

What is underground mining?

A

Underground mining is the most expensive out of the three. Potash, Gold and Nickel are all found using this method.

51
Q

Why has Ontario and Quebec been the most effected by the loss of manufacturing?

A

They are both the main provinces that have the most amount of manufacturing facilities therefore, these two provinces are hit the hardest in regards to revenue and job loss.

52
Q

Which industry sector provides the most jobs to Canadians?

A

The tertiary industry.

53
Q

What is a non-basic job?

A

A job that circulates money into an economy.

54
Q

What is a basic job?

A

A job that brings money into an economy.

55
Q

Why are basic jobs important?

A

Basic jobs are very important for the economy as the bring sort of “new” money into a economy that already has money which increases the value of that economy.

56
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

The increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy.

57
Q

How does money circulate in an economy?

A

Money circulates in an economy as new money must always enter since money is constantly leaving the economy to pay for other things such as clothes. However, the new amount of money doesn’t need to be equal to the amount of money leaving because of the multiplier effect. 3:1

Geography Tests (5 decks)

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