Unit 2 Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Alfred Wegener figure out?

A

He found out that the continents were all grouped together at some point in history.

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2
Q

Why did Alfred Wegener create his theory of “Continental Drift”?

A

He found the same species of animals in many different continents, leading him to believe that they were once together.

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3
Q

What did Arthur Holmes figure out?

A

He realized that using thermal convection in the mantel it could make the earth’s crust shift and move.

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4
Q

What is the ring of fire?

A

The ring of fire is when denser oceanic crust moves underneath the less dense continental crust. 90% of earthquakes and volcanoes occur in this ring.

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5
Q

What is the earth’s solid outer layer?

A

The Lithosphere

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6
Q

What are the three different types of plate boundaries?

A

Convergent, Divergent, Transform

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7
Q

What direction do convergent plates go in?

A

They move towards each other.

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8
Q

What direction do divergent plates go in?

A

They move apart from each other.

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9
Q

What direction do transform plates go in?

A

They move in a near parallel and opposite direction.

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10
Q

What is the Cascadia Subduction Zone?

A

A megathrust earthquake that can reach magnitudes of 9 when it hits with a tsunami.

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11
Q

Which plates are involved in the Cascadia Subduction Zone?

A

Juan de Fuca and the North American Plate.

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12
Q

What type of plate boundary is the Cascadia Subduction Zone?

A

Convergent plate boundary.

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13
Q

What are the three different rock types?

A

Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic.

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14
Q

What is needed for an igneous rock to be turned into a sedimentary rock?

A

Weathering and Erosion.

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15
Q

What is needed for a metamorphic rock to turn into a sedimentary rock? Furthermore, what is needed for a sedimentary rock to be turned into a metamorphic rock?

A

Weathering and Erosion for a metamorphic into a sedimentary, Heat and pressure for a sedimentary into a metamorphic.

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16
Q

What is needed for a metamorphic rock to turn into an igneous rock?

A

Melting

17
Q

Give 3 examples of igneous rocks.

A

Basalt, Granite, and Obsidian.

18
Q

Give 3 examples of sedimentary rocks.

A

Limestone, Shale, Sandstone.

19
Q

Give 3 examples of metamorphic rocks.

A

Marble, Quartzite, Slate.

20
Q

What is weathering?

A

A way of breaking down rocks through the form of weather. This could be with water.

21
Q

What is erosion?

A

The moving of broken pieces of rock.

22
Q

What is deposition?

A

The build up of eroded materials in a new location.

23
Q

Which era is the oldest era?

A

The precambrian

24
Q

What is the ocean floor made out of?

A

Basalt is our ocean floor while granite makes up our continents.

25
Q

How was granite formed from the basalt crust of the earth?

A

Plates move underneath the mantle. As one plate goes under, it turns into a molten form. The lighter elements then rise again, cooling into a new rock type called granite.

26
Q

What type of rock exists in Thunder Bay, Ontario?

A

To find North America’s oldest rock.

27
Q

What was Laurentia?

A

The oldest part of North America.

28
Q

How was the east coast of North America formed?

A

Both coasts were impacted by “conveyor belts” of islands colliding with each coast.

29
Q

What made the Pacific coast’s today?

A

Convergent plate boundaries (moving towards each other)