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Geography > Unit Test > Flashcards

Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is geography

A

Geography is the science of how the earth works and how humans change it, as well as how things are located and arranged on earth (interrelationships).

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2
Q

What do geographers do?

A

Geographers search for answers to problems with the earth.

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3
Q

What 3 questions do geographers ask?

A

Where are things located on earth, what are the connections between people and earth, how can we illustrate this to understand it better?

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4
Q

What are the geography subdivisions?

A

Social, economic, and political geography

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5
Q

What are the main branches of geography?

A

Physical geography, human geography

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6
Q

What is physical geography?

A

Physical geography is the study of earth and natural processes (weather, vegetation)

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7
Q

What is human geography?

A

Human geography is the study of how things on Earth created, controlled, and modified by people (politics, urban)

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8
Q

What are the five themes of geography?

A

Location (absolute and relative), regions, place, movement, human/environment interaction

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9
Q

What is location (absolute and relative)?

A

Absolute and relative location are ways of describing positions of Earth’s physical features.

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10
Q

What is absolute location?

A

Absolute location is the location of something seen through a grid system (longitude and latitude) or fixed address

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11
Q

What is relative location?

A

Relative location is the interactions and connectedness of places

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12
Q

What are regions (political, climate, culture)?

A

Regions are places on earth sharing at least one common feature

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13
Q

What are some examples of political regions?

A

Countries, provinces, cities

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14
Q

What are climate regions?

A

Areas sharing the same temperature/weather patterns

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15
Q

What are some examples of culture regions?

A

Language, religion

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16
Q

What is place?

A

Place is natural and human features that make one place different from others

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17
Q

What are examples of place?

A

Landforms, climate, plants, people

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18
Q

What is movement?

A

Movement is how people, goods, and ideas move from one place to another

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19
Q

What is human/environment interactions?

A

Human interactions are the changes people make to the environment. Environment interactions affect how people work, travel, etc

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20
Q

What are plates?

A

Plates are pieces that make up the earth’s crust. They float on molten rocks inside earth

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21
Q

How many plates are on earth?

A

7 major, 60 minor plates

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22
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

A

The earth is in constant motion because the earth’s crust (plates) is floating on molten rocks

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23
Q

Who created the theory of plate tectonics?

A

Alfred Wegener

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24
Q

What happens due to plate movement?

A

Mountains form, fossil fuels form, continents/countries move, earthquakes are triggered

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25
Q

What is deep time?

A

The further down we dig in the earth’s crust, the further back we go in time

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26
Q

What are the 3 types of plate movement?

A

Divergent, convergent, transform

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27
Q

What is divergent plate movement?

A

Plates move apart and both plates get larger. This commonly happens along a mid-ocean ridge

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28
Q

What is convergent plate movement?

A

Plates move toward eachother. There are two types of convergence, subduction and continental plate meeting continental plate

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29
Q

What is convergent subduction plate movement?

A

When a continental plate meets an oceanic plate, oceanic plate slides under continental plate

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30
Q

What is convergent continental to continental plate movement?

A

When 2 continental plates push into each other. Layers of rock are folded, broken, and forced upward creating mountains

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31
Q

What is transform plate movement?

A

Plates move parallel to each other, opposite or same direction. Plates sometimes get locked up with each other releasing large bursts of energy causing earthquakes

32
Q

What is a map?

A

A map is the representation of earth’s features drawn on a flat surface

33
Q

What are the types of maps?

A

Political, physical, general purpose, topographic, thematic, digital maps

34
Q

What are political maps?

A

Physical maps have boundaries made by humans (countries, provinces), they are colourful

35
Q

What are general purpose maps?

A

General purpose maps use symbols and colors indicating major roads for transportation. They include parks, hospitals, tourist attractions

36
Q

What are topographic maps?

A

Topographic maps shows us almost every detail. Shows height of land, roads, vegetation, etc

37
Q

What are thematic maps?

A

Thematic maps displays geographic patterns of data

38
Q

What are digital maps?

A

Digital maps are like topographic maps. They show almost every detail and are found on computers

39
Q

What is a large scale map?

A

A large scale map shows a small, zoomed in area of land with a lot of detail

40
Q

What is a small scale map?

A

A small scale map shows a large, zoomed out area of land with little detail

41
Q

What is a compass?

A

A compass is a way of finding direction

42
Q

What are the 4 cardinal points?

A

N, E, S, W (north, east, south, west)

43
Q

What are the 12 ordinal points?

A

NE, SE, SW, NW, NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW, WSW, WNW, NNW

44
Q

What degree difference is each point?

A

22.5 degrees

45
Q

What are all the parts of a map?

A

Title, frame, scale, direction, legend, labels, colors

46
Q

How should a map title be formatted?

A

The name of the map, year

47
Q

How should labels on maps be?

A

Labels on maps should be done neatly, accurately, printed (not cursive), horizontally, blue or black ink, no short forms

48
Q

How should you label water bodies, cities, provinces, and countries?

A

Water bodies should be italic, cities should be printed normally, provinces should be all caps, countries should be all caps with spaces between letters

49
Q

Label capital cities of Canada on a map

A
50
Q

Label provinces of Canada on a map

A
51
Q

Label the oceans around Canada on a map

A
52
Q

Label the great lakes as well as Hudson Bay, James Bay, Mackenzie River, Peace River, St. Lawrence River, Fraser River on a map

A
53
Q

Label Ottawa, Vancouver, Calgary, Churchill, Saskatoon, Thunder Bay, Sudbury, Montreal on a map

A
54
Q

Draw the lines of latitude on a globe

A
55
Q

Draw the lines of longitude on a globe

A
56
Q

Where is 0 degrees for latitude?

A

The equator

57
Q

Why are areas close to the equator warmer than areas that are more north or south?

A

Areas close to the equator are close to the sun because the equator is the most outward point of the earth. This means it’s the closest part of earth to the sun.

58
Q

Where is 0 degrees for longitude?

A

The prime meridian located in Greenwich England

59
Q

What are Canada’s 6 time zones?

A

Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland

60
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

61
Q

What are the hour and degree differences of time zones?

A

+1 hour every 15 degrees east of prime meridian, -1 hour every 15 degrees west of prime meridian (Newfoundland is only +30 minutes east)

62
Q

What are longitude lines?

A

Lines that meet from north to south

63
Q

What are latitude lines?

A

Lines that never meet, parallel and horizontal on earth

64
Q

Why is it important to understand deep time to understand the theory of plate tectonics?

A

By seeing the past versions of earth, we can see the difference of how the plates have shifted

65
Q

What are the 4 main proofs of continental drift?

A

The jigsaw fit of continents, fossils found on different continents, ice sheets found on land that is now warm, mountain ranges continuing across the sea to other continents

66
Q

What is a convection current?

A

Convection currents is when hot matter rises from the mantle, this forms and diverges plates, when plates meet a colder one is dragged under another plate, then the hot matter sinks warms and rises again

67
Q

Label the rock cycle

A
68
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

When magma or lava cools and hardens

69
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

When pieces of rock (sediments) are pressed and cemented together

70
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

When other rocks are changed by heat and pressure under the surface of earth

71
Q

What is erosion?

A

Erosion is when particles are carried away from their source by water and wind

72
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is when particles are deposited as loosely packed sediments

73
Q

What is compaction?

A

Compaction is when particles are squeezed together under pressure

74
Q

What is cementation?

A

Cementation is when particles are glued together when mineral solutions harden

75
Q

What are physical maps?

A

Physical maps are maps that show earth’s natural physical features.

Geography (3 decks)

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