Fishing and Energy Flashcards
The objective of this deck is to help study for the fishing and energy geography quiz.
How deep is the water just off of the coast of the Atlantic provinces?
0 - 500 meters deep
What is the water depth beyond the boundary of the continental shelf?
More than 500 meters deep
Would water off of the coast of Atlantic provinces or water beyond the boundary of the continental shelf better for fishing?
Water off the coast of Atlantic provinces which is 0 - 500 meters deep would be better because fish would be closer to the surface
What banks are partially outside Canada’s 200 nm limit?
The Nose and Flemish Cap
How does the Atlantic cod fishery compare to the other east coast fisheries?
Higher population of cod because rocks are more shallow and warmer. Cod lay eggs in these conditions
When did the Canadian government imposed a moratorium (ban) on the cod fishery?
July 1992
Why was the cod fishery imposed?
To replenish the fish stock
What percentage of the world’s fish species are fully exploited or being depleted?
70%
By what percentage did commercial fish populations fall between 1996 - 2006?
95%
What’s the primary cause of decrease in fish stocks?
Overfishing and destructive fishing
Describe the profile of a continental shelf
A bank is beside land in the water
Leads to a continental slope where the water depth increases
What percentage of the west coast fisheries are inside the 200 nm limit?
100%
In 2005, what was the total value of aquaculture in Canada?
$715.1 million
What is aquaculture?
The farming of aquatic animals and plants in controlled environments
What was the most valuable aquaculture species in 2005?
Salmon
Why are orange roughy and the Chilean sea bass no longer available on restaurant menus?
There’s a shift to more sustainable seafood options
What is sustained yield management?
Managing renewable resources to make sure the rate of extraction doesn’t exceed the replenishment rate
Why is the commercial fishing industry important to Canada?
Provides people with jobs
Supports coastal communities
Generates income and food
Attracts tourists
Recreational activity
What set of geographic conditions make the Grand Banks a productive fishing area?
Continental shelf
Cold and warm water currents
Shallow banks
Economic zone regulations
Difference of offshore and inshore fisheries
Inshore:
Within 16 - 25 km of shore
85% of fishing industry labour force
10% of total catch
Smaller boats
Offshore:
Edges of continental shelf
15% of fishing industry labour force
90% of total catch
Bigger boats
How was the foreign offshore fishing fleet involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?
Overfished
Unsustainable fishing practices
No regulations
How was the Canadian inshore and offshore fishing industry involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?
Unsustainable fishing practices
Focused on economic gain rather than sustainability
How was the marine scientists involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?
Underestimated risks
How was the government officials involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?
Delayed regulations
Relied on fishing for income
Didn’t listen to warnings from scientists
What is the tragedy of the commons?
When people are selfish and deplete a common resource, not leaving enough for future generations
What are the commons?
Public area everyone has access to
What is sustainability?
Meeting the needs of the present without limiting the ability of people to survive
When did fishing off the coast of Newfoundland begin?
The 1500s
What are ground fish and 3 examples?
Fish caught near ocean floor
Examples:
Cod
Halibut
Haddock
What are pelagic fish and 3 examples?
Fish caught near surface
Examples:
Salmon
Herring
Tuna
What are shellfish and 3 examples?
Mollusks and crustaceans
Examples:
Shrimp
Lobster
Scallop
For the past 500 years until 1950s, how much cod were caught on the Grand Banks each year?
250,000 tons
How was Atlantic Canada affected by the closure of the cod fishery?
Change in the economy and unemployed around 35,400 people
What is bottom trawling?
When nets are dragged along the ocean floor by a boat through water which catch more fish than needed and destroy ocean habitats.
What is by catch?
When unwanted creatures are caught during fishing
What are ghost nets?
Nets that have been abandoned in the ocean and are invisible
What is energy?
The capacity for a physical system to work
What are the measurements of energy?
Joule (J)
Gigajoule (GJ) = 1 billion Joules
Petajoule (PJ) = 1 million Gigajoules
Why is Canada one of the world’s largest users of energy?
Northern climate
Large land mass
Industries
Cheap energy
What is conventional energy?
Non-renewable energy such as oil, natural gas, and coal
What is alternative energy?
Renewable energy such as wind, solar, and tidal
How does wind energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works:
Wind turns generator that uses kinetic energy to make energy
Pros:
Free source, environmentally friendly
Cons:
Expensive set up, kills birds, inconsistent
Canada use:
Canada is committed to increase this supply of clean, renewable energy
How does solar energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works:
Dark panels absorb heat from sun, heat is transferred to fluids, high pressure steam spins turbine
Pros:
Free source, environmentally friendly, unlimited
Cons:
Not efficient, expensive set-up
Canada use:
Colville Lake in Northwest Territories successfully tested a solar panel system that allowed the community to run entirely on the sun’s energy
How does tidal energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: When a tide reaches its highest level, gates of a dam like structure close and holds water. When the level drops, it runs through turbines
Pros: Free source, unlimited
Cons: Only 25 locations, eyesore, safety issues
Canada use: Canada ranks 4th in the world in tidal power capacity with 40mw
How does hydro energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Falling water spins turbines within a dam
Pros: Renewable, environmentally friendly
Cons: Flooding impacts, expensive set-up
Canada use: Canada is the third largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world
How does nuclear energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Uranium’s U-235 atom’s nucleus is hit by a neutron which releases energy that’s absorbed
Pros: Lots of source
Cons: Safety concerns, expensive setup
Canada use:
How does geothermal energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Wells are drilled into the earth where hot water and steam are taken out, steam is used to spin a turbine
Pros: Environmentally friendly, unlimited
Cons: Expensive-set up, few locations
Canada use: Geothermal potential energy in Canada is estimated to over 5,000 mw
How does biomass energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Biomass is burned and heats boilers which generates steam and spins turbines
Pros: Gets rid of waste, environmentally friendly
Cons: Better uses for natural products
Canada use: Biomass accounted for 2% of Canada’s electricity production in 2016
How does fracking energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: High pressure water is directed at rock within the earth to release gas
Pros: Financial benefits, material access, job opportunities
Cons: Damages environment, risk of earthquakes, pollution
Canada use: Used in more than 180,000 wells in Alberta
What are gill nets?
Passing fish get caught in a net
Purse setting
Circling a school of fish with a net
