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Fishing and Energy Flashcards

The objective of this deck is to help study for the fishing and energy geography quiz.

1
Q

How deep is the water just off of the coast of the Atlantic provinces?

A

0 - 500 meters deep

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2
Q

What is the water depth beyond the boundary of the continental shelf?

A

More than 500 meters deep

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3
Q

Would water off of the coast of Atlantic provinces or water beyond the boundary of the continental shelf better for fishing?

A

Water off the coast of Atlantic provinces which is 0 - 500 meters deep would be better because fish would be closer to the surface

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4
Q

What banks are partially outside Canada’s 200 nm limit?

A

The Nose and Flemish Cap

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5
Q

How does the Atlantic cod fishery compare to the other east coast fisheries?

A

Higher population of cod because rocks are more shallow and warmer. Cod lay eggs in these conditions

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6
Q

When did the Canadian government imposed a moratorium (ban) on the cod fishery?

A

July 1992

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7
Q

Why was the cod fishery imposed?

A

To replenish the fish stock

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8
Q

What percentage of the world’s fish species are fully exploited or being depleted?

A

70%

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9
Q

By what percentage did commercial fish populations fall between 1996 - 2006?

A

95%

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10
Q

What’s the primary cause of decrease in fish stocks?

A

Overfishing and destructive fishing

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11
Q

Describe the profile of a continental shelf

A

A bank is beside land in the water
Leads to a continental slope where the water depth increases

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12
Q

What percentage of the west coast fisheries are inside the 200 nm limit?

A

100%

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13
Q

In 2005, what was the total value of aquaculture in Canada?

A

$715.1 million

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14
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The farming of aquatic animals and plants in controlled environments

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15
Q

What was the most valuable aquaculture species in 2005?

A

Salmon

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16
Q

Why are orange roughy and the Chilean sea bass no longer available on restaurant menus?

A

There’s a shift to more sustainable seafood options

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17
Q

What is sustained yield management?

A

Managing renewable resources to make sure the rate of extraction doesn’t exceed the replenishment rate

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18
Q

Why is the commercial fishing industry important to Canada?

A

Provides people with jobs
Supports coastal communities
Generates income and food
Attracts tourists
Recreational activity

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19
Q

What set of geographic conditions make the Grand Banks a productive fishing area?

A

Continental shelf
Cold and warm water currents
Shallow banks
Economic zone regulations

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20
Q

Difference of offshore and inshore fisheries

A

Inshore:
Within 16 - 25 km of shore
85% of fishing industry labour force
10% of total catch
Smaller boats

Offshore:
Edges of continental shelf
15% of fishing industry labour force
90% of total catch
Bigger boats

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21
Q

How was the foreign offshore fishing fleet involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?

A

Overfished
Unsustainable fishing practices
No regulations

22
Q

How was the Canadian inshore and offshore fishing industry involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?

A

Unsustainable fishing practices
Focused on economic gain rather than sustainability

23
Q

How was the marine scientists involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?

A

Underestimated risks

24
Q

How was the government officials involved in the destruction of the East Coast Cod Fishery?

A

Delayed regulations
Relied on fishing for income
Didn’t listen to warnings from scientists

25
What is the tragedy of the commons?
When people are selfish and deplete a common resource, not leaving enough for future generations
26
What are the commons?
Public area everyone has access to
27
What is sustainability?
Meeting the needs of the present without limiting the ability of people to survive
28
When did fishing off the coast of Newfoundland begin?
The 1500s
29
What are ground fish and 3 examples?
Fish caught near ocean floor Examples: Cod Halibut Haddock
30
What are pelagic fish and 3 examples?
Fish caught near surface Examples: Salmon Herring Tuna
31
What are shellfish and 3 examples?
Mollusks and crustaceans Examples: Shrimp Lobster Scallop
32
For the past 500 years until 1950s, how much cod were caught on the Grand Banks each year?
250,000 tons
33
How was Atlantic Canada affected by the closure of the cod fishery?
Change in the economy and unemployed around 35,400 people
34
What is bottom trawling?
When nets are dragged along the ocean floor by a boat through water which catch more fish than needed and destroy ocean habitats.
35
What is by catch?
When unwanted creatures are caught during fishing
36
What are ghost nets?
Nets that have been abandoned in the ocean and are invisible
37
What is energy?
The capacity for a physical system to work
38
What are the measurements of energy?
Joule (J) Gigajoule (GJ) = 1 billion Joules Petajoule (PJ) = 1 million Gigajoules
39
Why is Canada one of the world's largest users of energy?
Northern climate Large land mass Industries Cheap energy
40
What is conventional energy?
Non-renewable energy such as oil, natural gas, and coal
41
What is alternative energy?
Renewable energy such as wind, solar, and tidal
42
How does wind energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Wind turns generator that uses kinetic energy to make energy Pros: Free source, environmentally friendly Cons: Expensive set up, kills birds, inconsistent Canada use: Canada is committed to increase this supply of clean, renewable energy
43
How does solar energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Dark panels absorb heat from sun, heat is transferred to fluids, high pressure steam spins turbine Pros: Free source, environmentally friendly, unlimited Cons: Not efficient, expensive set-up Canada use: Colville Lake in Northwest Territories successfully tested a solar panel system that allowed the community to run entirely on the sun's energy
44
How does tidal energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: When a tide reaches its highest level, gates of a dam like structure close and holds water. When the level drops, it runs through turbines Pros: Free source, unlimited Cons: Only 25 locations, eyesore, safety issues Canada use: Canada ranks 4th in the world in tidal power capacity with 40mw
45
How does hydro energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Falling water spins turbines within a dam Pros: Renewable, environmentally friendly Cons: Flooding impacts, expensive set-up Canada use: Canada is the third largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world
46
How does nuclear energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Uranium’s U-235 atom’s nucleus is hit by a neutron which releases energy that’s absorbed Pros: Lots of source Cons: Safety concerns, expensive setup Canada use:
47
How does geothermal energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Wells are drilled into the earth where hot water and steam are taken out, steam is used to spin a turbine Pros: Environmentally friendly, unlimited Cons: Expensive-set up, few locations Canada use: Geothermal potential energy in Canada is estimated to over 5,000 mw
48
How does biomass energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: Biomass is burned and heats boilers which generates steam and spins turbines Pros: Gets rid of waste, environmentally friendly Cons: Better uses for natural products Canada use: Biomass accounted for 2% of Canada’s electricity production in 2016
49
How does fracking energy work, pros and cons, and how does Canada use it?
How it works: High pressure water is directed at rock within the earth to release gas Pros: Financial benefits, material access, job opportunities Cons: Damages environment, risk of earthquakes, pollution Canada use: Used in more than 180,000 wells in Alberta
50
What are gill nets?
Passing fish get caught in a net
51
Purse setting
Circling a school of fish with a net

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