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Geography > Demographics > Flashcards

Demographics Flashcards

1
Q

What is demography?

A

The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues

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2
Q

What is birth rate and how do you calculate it?

A

Yearly number of births per 1,000 people

Births / population x 1,000 = birth rate

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3
Q

What is death rate and how do you calculate it?

A

Yearly number of deaths per 1,000 people

Deaths / population x 1,000 = death rate

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4
Q

What is natural increase rate (NIR) and how do you calculate it?

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate

Birth rate - death rate = NIR

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5
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

The yearly number of deaths for under 1 year olds per 1,000 people

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6
Q

What is child mortality rate?

A

The yearly number of deaths for 8 year olds and younger per 1,000 people

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7
Q

What does immigrate mean?

A

To permanently move to a country other than your native country

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8
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A person that moves to a new country

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9
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who fled their home country due to a conflict or persecution

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10
Q

What does emigrate mean?

A

To leave your country of origin to live elsewhere

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11
Q

What is emigration rate?

A

Yearly number of people per 1,000 who move somewhere else

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12
Q

What is net migration rate (NMR) and how to calculate it?

A

The difference between immigrators and emigrators

Immigration rate - emigration rate = NMR

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13
Q

What is a push factor?

A

Something that makes people want to leave their country

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14
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

Something that attracts people to another country

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15
Q

What is population growth rate (PGR) and how to calculate it?

A

The rate of population growth or decline

Natural increase rate + net migration rate = PGR

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16
Q

What does life expectancy mean?

A

The average lifespan of a population

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17
Q

What was the baby boom?

A

Large rise of birthrate in late 1940s and 1950s

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18
Q

What is doubling time (DT) and how to calculate it?

A

How long it would take a country’s population to double

70 / population growth rate = DT

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19
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

A graph that shows population distribution by age/sex

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20
Q

What is population density?

A

Calculated by dividing a region’s population by the region’s area

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21
Q

What is population distribution?

A

A pattern showing where people live in an area

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22
Q

What was primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth between 1851-2001?

A

Natural increase and immigration

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23
Q

After 2001, what has been primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth?

A

Immigration

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24
Q

What impact has immigration had on Canadian society?

A

Population growth and cultural diversity

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25
Q

Why is it necessary to use rates instead of numbers to compare birth and death rates?

A

Rates provide clearer and more contextual understanding of data

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26
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

A graph that displays distribution of people by gender and age

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27
Q

STUDY DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL SHEET

A

LOOK AT THAT GRAPH LIKE A GOOD BOY

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28
Q

Characteristics of a stage 1 demographic transition model

A

Also called pre-transition (1600s-1700s)
- High birth rate
- High death rate
- Stable or slow natural increase

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29
Q

Characteristics of a stage 2 demographic transition model

A

Also called early transition (1800s-1960s)
- High birth rate
- Death rate falls massively
- Very rapid natural increase

30
Q

Characteristics of a stage 3 demographic transition model

A

Also called late transition (1960s-2000s)
- Falling birth rate
- Death rate falls at a slower rate
- Natural increase is slowly increasing

31
Q

Characteristics of a stage 4 demographic transition model

A

Also called post transition (2000s-current)
- Low birthrate increase rate
- Low death rate
- Stable or low natural increase

32
Q

Why is Canada in a stage 4 demographic transition model?

A

Improvement of agriculture
Move to urban life
Disease prevention and cures
Changes to women roles
Family size changes

33
Q

When did Earth reach its first billion people?

A

Around 1800 at the time of industrial revolution

34
Q

What was the average number of children born per woman in 1963 vs 2012?

A

1963: 5
2012: 2.5

35
Q

What helped decrease the number of children born globally?

A

Better healthcare
Education
Family planning
Decision power

36
Q

How do people making $1 a day think about improving their life?

A

Shoes -> Bike -> Motorbike -> Car -> Plane
Every step of this line improves life

37
Q

Literate meaning and how much of the population’s adults are literate?

A

Ability to read and write
80% of population are literate

38
Q

What is a census?

A

A survey that collects data about the population every 5 years, last one was in 2021

39
Q

What is rate?

A

The number of something per 1,000 people

40
Q

How can population increase occur?

A

Natural increase
Net migration

41
Q

How do you calculate immigration rate (IR)?

A

(# of people immigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000

42
Q

How do you calculate emigration rate (ER)?

A

(# of people emigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000

43
Q

Visually describe a rapid growth population pyramid

A

Triangle shaped
Wide base
Narrow top
Curvature of pyramid sides

44
Q

Visually describe a slow (stable) growth population pyramid

A

Triangle shaped
Large base
Slim top
Positively slanted pyramid sides

45
Q

Visually describe a zero growth population pyramid

A

Rectangular shaped
Relatively equal base to top
Relatively equal top to base
Straight vertical pyramid sides

46
Q

Visually describe a negative (declining) growth population pyramid

A

Trapezoid shaped
Very narrow base
Narrow top
Middle of pyramid has bulk

47
Q

Characteristics of a developing population

A

A lot of young dependents

Pointy top of population pyramid (high death rate)

48
Q

Overpopulation meaning

A

A lot of people with not enough resources

49
Q

Why were boys preferred over girls?

A

Family lineage

Females join husbands whereas males care for parents

50
Q

When did the one child policy in China end?

A

January 1, 2016 to allow for 2 children per couple

51
Q

What is a push factor?

A

Reasons people leave their home country

52
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

Reasons people settle in a country

53
Q

What are economic class immigrants?

A

Immigrants who bring work or skills to a country

54
Q

What are family class immigrants?

A

Immigrants who go to a country to be reunited with family

55
Q

How do economic class immigrants add to the economy?

A

Creates employment for others
Generates business
Adds employed people to tax payer base

56
Q

Factors of economic class immigrants

A

Self employed
Entrepreneurs
Investors

57
Q

Factors of family class immigrants

A

Someone sponsored by family member
Student
Employee

58
Q

What is a reception area?

A

A familiar environment for immigrants in a new country (ex. Chinatown)

59
Q

What immigrants does Canada accept?

A

Economic class
Family class
Refugee class

60
Q

What are the three age categories?

A

Young dependents
Working population
Old age dependents

61
Q

What age group are young dependents?

A

Age 0-14

62
Q

What age group are working population?

A

Age 15-64

63
Q

What age group are old age dependents?

A

Age 65+

64
Q

When did the one child policy in China come into effect?

A

1978

65
Q

Who created the one child policy in China?

A

Deng Xiaoping

66
Q

How many points are needed for immigrants to pass?

A

Skilled workers: 67 points

Business applicants: 35 points and money to invest

67
Q

What are immigrants assessed on in order to pass (using the points system)?

A

Education
Language ability
Work experience
Age
Arranged employment
Adaptability

68
Q

What does a baby boom look like on a population pyramid?

A

Bulge in the pyramid

69
Q

What does high death rate look like on a population pyramid?

A

Sharp top

70
Q

What does high birth rate look like on a population pyramid?

A

Wide base

71
Q

What does an aging population look like on a population pyramid?

A

Wider top than base

Geography (5 decks)

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