Demographics Flashcards
What is demography?
The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues
What is birth rate and how do you calculate it?
Yearly number of births per 1,000 people
Births / population x 1,000 = birth rate
What is death rate and how do you calculate it?
Yearly number of deaths per 1,000 people
Deaths / population x 1,000 = death rate
What is natural increase rate (NIR) and how do you calculate it?
The difference between birth rate and death rate
Birth rate - death rate = NIR
What is infant mortality rate?
The yearly number of deaths for under 1 year olds per 1,000 people
What is child mortality rate?
The yearly number of deaths for 8 year olds and younger per 1,000 people
What does immigrate mean?
To permanently move to a country other than your native country
What is an immigrant?
A person that moves to a new country
What is a refugee?
A person who fled their home country due to a conflict or persecution
What does emigrate mean?
To leave your country of origin to live elsewhere
What is emigration rate?
Yearly number of people per 1,000 who move somewhere else
What is net migration rate (NMR) and how to calculate it?
The difference between immigrators and emigrators
Immigration rate - emigration rate = NMR
What is a push factor?
Something that makes people want to leave their country
What is a pull factor?
Something that attracts people to another country
What is population growth rate (PGR) and how to calculate it?
The rate of population growth or decline
Natural increase rate + net migration rate = PGR
What does life expectancy mean?
The average lifespan of a population
What was the baby boom?
Large rise of birthrate in late 1940s and 1950s
What is doubling time (DT) and how to calculate it?
How long it would take a country’s population to double
70 / population growth rate = DT
What is a population pyramid?
A graph that shows population distribution by age/sex
What is population density?
Calculated by dividing a region’s population by the region’s area
What is population distribution?
A pattern showing where people live in an area
What was primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth between 1851-2001?
Natural increase and immigration
After 2001, what has been primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth?
Immigration
What impact has immigration had on Canadian society?
Population growth and cultural diversity
Why is it necessary to use rates instead of numbers to compare birth and death rates?
Rates provide clearer and more contextual understanding of data
What is a population pyramid?
A graph that displays distribution of people by gender and age
STUDY DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL SHEET
LOOK AT THAT GRAPH LIKE A GOOD BOY
Characteristics of a stage 1 demographic transition model
Also called pre-transition (1600s-1700s)
- High birth rate
- High death rate
- Stable or slow natural increase
Characteristics of a stage 2 demographic transition model
Also called early transition (1800s-1960s)
- High birth rate
- Death rate falls massively
- Very rapid natural increase
Characteristics of a stage 3 demographic transition model
Also called late transition (1960s-2000s)
- Falling birth rate
- Death rate falls at a slower rate
- Natural increase is slowly increasing
Characteristics of a stage 4 demographic transition model
Also called post transition (2000s-current)
- Low birthrate increase rate
- Low death rate
- Stable or low natural increase
Why is Canada in a stage 4 demographic transition model?
Improvement of agriculture
Move to urban life
Disease prevention and cures
Changes to women roles
Family size changes
When did Earth reach its first billion people?
Around 1800 at the time of industrial revolution
What was the average number of children born per woman in 1963 vs 2012?
1963: 5
2012: 2.5
What helped decrease the number of children born globally?
Better healthcare
Education
Family planning
Decision power
How do people making $1 a day think about improving their life?
Shoes -> Bike -> Motorbike -> Car -> Plane
Every step of this line improves life
Literate meaning and how much of the population’s adults are literate?
Ability to read and write
80% of population are literate
What is a census?
A survey that collects data about the population every 5 years, last one was in 2021
What is rate?
The number of something per 1,000 people
How can population increase occur?
Natural increase
Net migration
How do you calculate immigration rate (IR)?
(# of people immigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000
How do you calculate emigration rate (ER)?
(# of people emigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000
Visually describe a rapid growth population pyramid
Triangle shaped
Wide base
Narrow top
Curvature of pyramid sides
Visually describe a slow (stable) growth population pyramid
Triangle shaped
Large base
Slim top
Positively slanted pyramid sides
Visually describe a zero growth population pyramid
Rectangular shaped
Relatively equal base to top
Relatively equal top to base
Straight vertical pyramid sides
Visually describe a negative (declining) growth population pyramid
Trapezoid shaped
Very narrow base
Narrow top
Middle of pyramid has bulk
Characteristics of a developing population
A lot of young dependents
Pointy top of population pyramid (high death rate)
Overpopulation meaning
A lot of people with not enough resources
Why were boys preferred over girls?
Family lineage
Females join husbands whereas males care for parents
When did the one child policy in China end?
January 1, 2016 to allow for 2 children per couple
What is a push factor?
Reasons people leave their home country
What is a pull factor?
Reasons people settle in a country
What are economic class immigrants?
Immigrants who bring work or skills to a country
What are family class immigrants?
Immigrants who go to a country to be reunited with family
How do economic class immigrants add to the economy?
Creates employment for others
Generates business
Adds employed people to tax payer base
Factors of economic class immigrants
Self employed
Entrepreneurs
Investors
Factors of family class immigrants
Someone sponsored by family member
Student
Employee
What is a reception area?
A familiar environment for immigrants in a new country (ex. Chinatown)
What immigrants does Canada accept?
Economic class
Family class
Refugee class
What are the three age categories?
Young dependents
Working population
Old age dependents
What age group are young dependents?
Age 0-14
What age group are working population?
Age 15-64
What age group are old age dependents?
Age 65+
When did the one child policy in China come into effect?
1978
Who created the one child policy in China?
Deng Xiaoping
How many points are needed for immigrants to pass?
Skilled workers: 67 points
Business applicants: 35 points and money to invest
What are immigrants assessed on in order to pass (using the points system)?
Education
Language ability
Work experience
Age
Arranged employment
Adaptability
What does a baby boom look like on a population pyramid?
Bulge in the pyramid
What does high death rate look like on a population pyramid?
Sharp top
What does high birth rate look like on a population pyramid?
Wide base
What does an aging population look like on a population pyramid?
Wider top than base
