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Demographics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is demography?

A

The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues

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2
Q

What is birth rate and how do you calculate it?

A

Yearly number of births per 1,000 people

Births / population x 1,000 = birth rate

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3
Q

What is death rate and how do you calculate it?

A

Yearly number of deaths per 1,000 people

Deaths / population x 1,000 = death rate

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4
Q

What is natural increase rate (NIR) and how do you calculate it?

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate

Birth rate - death rate = NIR

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5
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

The yearly number of deaths for under 1 year olds per 1,000 people

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6
Q

What is child mortality rate?

A

The yearly number of deaths for 8 year olds and younger per 1,000 people

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7
Q

What does immigrate mean?

A

To permanently move to a country other than your native country

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8
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A person that moves to a new country

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9
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who fled their home country due to a conflict or persecution

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10
Q

What does emigrate mean?

A

To leave your country of origin to live elsewhere

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11
Q

What is emigration rate?

A

Yearly number of people per 1,000 who move somewhere else

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12
Q

What is net migration rate (NMR) and how to calculate it?

A

The difference between immigrators and emigrators

Immigration rate - emigration rate = NMR

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13
Q

What is a push factor?

A

Something that makes people want to leave their country

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14
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

Something that attracts people to another country

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15
Q

What is population growth rate (PGR) and how to calculate it?

A

The rate of population growth or decline

Natural increase rate + net migration rate = PGR

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16
Q

What does life expectancy mean?

A

The average lifespan of a population

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17
Q

What was the baby boom?

A

Large rise of birthrate in late 1940s and 1950s

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18
Q

What is doubling time (DT) and how to calculate it?

A

How long it would take a country’s population to double

70 / population growth rate = DT

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19
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

A graph that shows population distribution by age/sex

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20
Q

What is population density?

A

Calculated by dividing a region’s population by the region’s area

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21
Q

What is population distribution?

A

A pattern showing where people live in an area

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22
Q

What was primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth between 1851-2001?

A

Natural increase and immigration

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23
Q

After 2001, what has been primarily responsible for Canada’s population growth?

A

Immigration

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24
Q

What impact has immigration had on Canadian society?

A

Population growth and cultural diversity

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25
Why is it necessary to use rates instead of numbers to compare birth and death rates?
Rates provide clearer and more contextual understanding of data
26
What is a population pyramid?
A graph that displays distribution of people by gender and age
27
STUDY DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL SHEET
LOOK AT THAT GRAPH LIKE A GOOD BOY
28
Characteristics of a stage 1 demographic transition model
Also called pre-transition (1600s-1700s) - High birth rate - High death rate - Stable or slow natural increase
29
Characteristics of a stage 2 demographic transition model
Also called early transition (1800s-1960s) - High birth rate - Death rate falls massively - Very rapid natural increase
30
Characteristics of a stage 3 demographic transition model
Also called late transition (1960s-2000s) - Falling birth rate - Death rate falls at a slower rate - Natural increase is slowly increasing
31
Characteristics of a stage 4 demographic transition model
Also called post transition (2000s-current) - Low birthrate increase rate - Low death rate - Stable or low natural increase
32
Why is Canada in a stage 4 demographic transition model?
Improvement of agriculture Move to urban life Disease prevention and cures Changes to women roles Family size changes
33
When did Earth reach its first billion people?
Around 1800 at the time of industrial revolution
34
What was the average number of children born per woman in 1963 vs 2012?
1963: 5 2012: 2.5
35
What helped decrease the number of children born globally?
Better healthcare Education Family planning Decision power
36
How do people making $1 a day think about improving their life?
Shoes -> Bike -> Motorbike -> Car -> Plane Every step of this line improves life
37
Literate meaning and how much of the population's adults are literate?
Ability to read and write 80% of population are literate
38
What is a census?
A survey that collects data about the population every 5 years, last one was in 2021
39
What is rate?
The number of something per 1,000 people
40
How can population increase occur?
Natural increase Net migration
41
How do you calculate immigration rate (IR)?
(# of people immigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000
42
How do you calculate emigration rate (ER)?
(# of people emigrating in 1 year / population) x 1,000
43
Visually describe a rapid growth population pyramid
Triangle shaped Wide base Narrow top Curvature of pyramid sides
44
Visually describe a slow (stable) growth population pyramid
Triangle shaped Large base Slim top Positively slanted pyramid sides
45
Visually describe a zero growth population pyramid
Rectangular shaped Relatively equal base to top Relatively equal top to base Straight vertical pyramid sides
46
Visually describe a negative (declining) growth population pyramid
Trapezoid shaped Very narrow base Narrow top Middle of pyramid has bulk
47
Characteristics of a developing population
A lot of young dependents Pointy top of population pyramid (high death rate)
48
Overpopulation meaning
A lot of people with not enough resources
49
Why were boys preferred over girls?
Family lineage Females join husbands whereas males care for parents
50
When did the one child policy in China end?
January 1, 2016 to allow for 2 children per couple
51
What is a push factor?
Reasons people leave their home country
52
What is a pull factor?
Reasons people settle in a country
53
What are economic class immigrants?
Immigrants who bring work or skills to a country
54
What are family class immigrants?
Immigrants who go to a country to be reunited with family
55
How do economic class immigrants add to the economy?
Creates employment for others Generates business Adds employed people to tax payer base
56
Factors of economic class immigrants
Self employed Entrepreneurs Investors
57
Factors of family class immigrants
Someone sponsored by family member Student Employee
58
What is a reception area?
A familiar environment for immigrants in a new country (ex. Chinatown)
59
What immigrants does Canada accept?
Economic class Family class Refugee class
60
What are the three age categories?
Young dependents Working population Old age dependents
61
What age group are young dependents?
Age 0-14
62
What age group are working population?
Age 15-64
63
What age group are old age dependents?
Age 65+
64
When did the one child policy in China come into effect?
1978
65
Who created the one child policy in China?
Deng Xiaoping
66
How many points are needed for immigrants to pass?
Skilled workers: 67 points Business applicants: 35 points and money to invest
67
What are immigrants assessed on in order to pass (using the points system)?
Education Language ability Work experience Age Arranged employment Adaptability
68
What does a baby boom look like on a population pyramid?
Bulge in the pyramid
69
What does high death rate look like on a population pyramid?
Sharp top
70
What does high birth rate look like on a population pyramid?
Wide base
71
What does an aging population look like on a population pyramid?
Wider top than base

Geography (6 decks)

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