UNIT TEST 1: Intro To Anatomy & Physiology (Ch.1, Pt.1) Flashcards
What’s ANATOMY?
The study of the body’s structures and their relation to one another.
Whats PHYSIOLOGY? Give 2 ex.
The study of the function of the body parts and how they how together. Ex: lecture video
Whats the simplest body level of organization? Give examples
CHEMICAL - atoms, molecules (H20)
Whats the smallest living unit? (more complex than chemicals but simpler than a tissue) Give examples.
Cellular - one cell (ex. Blood cell, muscle cell)
Whats more complex than a cell, but simpler than a organ? Whats the definition? Give ex.
Tissue: group of cells with a common function.
Ex. Blood. Muscle, bone
Whats simpler than an organ system but more complex than a tissue? Define it and give ex.
Organ: 2 or more tissues with a common function. Ex. Blood vessels.
What’s simpler than a organism, but more complex than an organ? Define and give ex.
ORGAN SYSTEM: organs that work together.
Ex. Cardiovascular system.
Whats the most complex level of organization of the body? Define and give ex.
Organism: organ systems working together. Ex. Human being, bacteria, animals, etc.
What are the necessary life functions? How many are there?
(8)
Digestion
Excretion
Growth
Maintaining boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Reproduction
Whats the meaning of MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 2 ex.
Maintaining internal and external environments separate.
Ex. Cell membrane (cellular level)
Ex. Skin (organism level)
Whats the meaning of MOVEMENT when referring to necessary life fuctions?
- Movement of the WHOLE BODY
- Movement WITHIN BODY movement (body parts, or fluids)
Whats the meaning of RESPONSIVENESS when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 1 Ex.
Ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them. (Mainly a function of the nervous system).
Ex. Step on a nail—-you withdraw foot immediately.
Whats the meaning of DIGESTION when referring to necessary life fuctions?
Break down of food into something usable by cells.
Ex.
- Protein broken down into amino acids,
- Starch broken down into sugar molecules
Whats the meaning of METABOLISM when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give an ex.
All chemical reactions in the body.
Ex.
- Chemical digestion of food (making ATP).
- Break down Glycogen into small glucose molecules.
- BUILD big protein molecules from small amino acids.
Whats the meaning of EXCRETION when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 3 ex.
Waste and unwanted substances removal from the body.
Ex. CO2, FECES, URINE.
Whats the meaning of REPRODUCTION when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 2 ex.
At a CELLULAR LEVEL: growth and repair Ex. ??
At a ORGANISM LEVEL: preservation of the especies
The necessary life function of “GROWTH” refers to:
Give examples.
Size increase of a body part or organism.
- Increase in the number of cells. Ex. cell division (mitosis), baby or child growth, size of organs or whole body.
- Size increase of cells. Ex. Muscle growth (hypertrophy).
Name all the survival needs. How many are there?
(5)
Atmospheric pressure
Normal body temperature
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Why are NUTRIENTS needed for survival? Give 4 ex.
For energy and cell building.
Ex. Carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins.
Why is OXYGEN needed for survival?
For chemical reactions that release energy from food to make ATP.
Why is WATER needed for survival?
Because of body is 50-60% (depending on gender and body size) water: medium of chemical reactions.
Why are NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE needed for survival?
To maintain appropriate rate chemical reactions. (Faster rate in higher temp. and at lower rate in lower temp).
Why are ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE needed for survival?
For correct gas exchange in lungs Ex. ??
List levels of of structural organization from the simplest to most complicated:
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
