UNIT TEST 1: Intro To Anatomy & Physiology (Ch.1, Pt.1)

Question 1

What’s ANATOMY?

Answer 1

The study of the body’s structures and their relation to one another.

Question 2

Whats PHYSIOLOGY? Give 2 ex.

Answer 2

The study of the function of the body parts and how they how together. Ex: lecture video

Question 3

Whats the simplest body level of organization? Give examples

Answer 3

CHEMICAL - atoms, molecules (H20)

Question 4

Whats the smallest living unit? (more complex than chemicals but simpler than a tissue) Give examples.

Answer 4

Cellular - one cell (ex. Blood cell, muscle cell)

Question 5

Whats more complex than a cell, but simpler than a organ? Whats the definition? Give ex.

Answer 5

Tissue: group of cells with a common function.

Ex. Blood. Muscle, bone

Question 6

Whats simpler than an organ system but more complex than a tissue? Define it and give ex.

Answer 6

Organ: 2 or more tissues with a common function. Ex. Blood vessels.

Question 7

What’s simpler than a organism, but more complex than an organ? Define and give ex.

Answer 7

ORGAN SYSTEM: organs that work together.
Ex. Cardiovascular system.

Question 8

Whats the most complex level of organization of the body? Define and give ex.

Answer 8

Organism: organ systems working together. Ex. Human being, bacteria, animals, etc.

Question 9

What are the necessary life functions? How many are there?

Answer 9

(8)
Digestion
Excretion
Growth
Maintaining boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Reproduction

Question 10

Whats the meaning of MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 2 ex.

Answer 10

Maintaining internal and external environments separate.

Ex. Cell membrane (cellular level)
Ex. Skin (organism level)

Question 11

Whats the meaning of MOVEMENT when referring to necessary life fuctions?

Answer 11

• Movement of the WHOLE BODY
• Movement WITHIN BODY movement (body parts, or fluids)

Question 12

Whats the meaning of RESPONSIVENESS when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 1 Ex.

Answer 12

Ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them. (Mainly a function of the nervous system).
Ex. Step on a nail—-you withdraw foot immediately.

Question 13

Whats the meaning of DIGESTION when referring to necessary life fuctions?

Answer 13

Break down of food into something usable by cells.

Ex.
- Protein broken down into amino acids,
- Starch broken down into sugar molecules

Question 14

Whats the meaning of METABOLISM when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give an ex.

Answer 14

All chemical reactions in the body.

Ex.
- Chemical digestion of food (making ATP).

• Break down Glycogen into small glucose molecules.
• BUILD big protein molecules from small amino acids.

Question 15

Whats the meaning of EXCRETION when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 3 ex.

Answer 15

Waste and unwanted substances removal from the body.

Ex. CO2, FECES, URINE.

Question 16

Whats the meaning of REPRODUCTION when referring to necessary life fuctions? Give 2 ex.

Answer 16

At a CELLULAR LEVEL: growth and repair Ex. ??
At a ORGANISM LEVEL: preservation of the especies

Question 17

The necessary life function of “GROWTH” refers to:
Give examples.

Answer 17

Size increase of a body part or organism.

1. Increase in the number of cells. Ex. cell division (mitosis), baby or child growth, size of organs or whole body.
2. Size increase of cells. Ex. Muscle growth (hypertrophy).

Question 18

Name all the survival needs. How many are there?

Answer 18

(5)
Atmospheric pressure
Normal body temperature
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water

Question 19

Why are NUTRIENTS needed for survival? Give 4 ex.

Answer 19

For energy and cell building.
Ex. Carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins.

Question 20

Why is OXYGEN needed for survival?

Answer 20

For chemical reactions that release energy from food to make ATP.

Question 21

Why is WATER needed for survival?

Answer 21

Because of body is 50-60% (depending on gender and body size) water: medium of chemical reactions.

Question 22

Why are NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE needed for survival?

Answer 22

To maintain appropriate rate chemical reactions. (Faster rate in higher temp. and at lower rate in lower temp).

Question 23

Why are ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE needed for survival?

Answer 23

For correct gas exchange in lungs Ex. ??

Question 24

List levels of of structural organization from the simplest to most complicated:

Answer 24

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Question 25

Interrelation between ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. Give 2 ex.

Answer 25

“FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”: if you understand the STRUCTURE (A) of a body part and how is out together, you can understand its FUNCTION (P).

EX.
-The capillaries in the lungs are thin (STRUCTURAL ideal for an easy gas exchange, which is the FUNCTION of the lung).

• When dislocating something (ex. A shoulder, a STRUCUTRE), it will affect its FUNCTION (prevents stretching).