UNIT SIX

Question 1

solubility rules

Answer 1

• NO3(-) and CH3COO(-) are soluble
• group 1 ions and NH4+ are soluble
• group 17 ions are soluble EXCEPT WITH Ag(+), Cu(+), Hg2(2+), Pb(2+)
• SO4(2-) ions are soluble EXCEPT WITH Ba(2+), Ca(2+), Hg2(2+), Pb(2+), Sr(2+)
• Ba(OH)2, CA(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 are soluble
• all other compounds are insoluble

Question 2

net ionic equation

Answer 2

1. Write balanced equation
2. Determine solubility
3. Break apart aqueous compounds
4. Cancel like terms
5. Rewrite equation

Question 3

dissolution

Answer 3

when compounds made of ions are dissolved in water, ions separate from one another

Question 4

ionization

Answer 4

ions formed from solute molecules by action of solvent

Question 5

overall ionic equation

Answer 5

shows both molecular and ionic compounds present in aqueous solution reaction

Question 6

spectator ions

Answer 6

do not take part in reaction change, found before and after reaction

Question 7

net ionic equation

Answer 7

describes actual reaction, only includes compounds and ions that undergo chemical change in aqueous solution

Question 8

freezing point depression/molal freezing point constant

Answer 8

freezing point of solvent in 1-molal solution of nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute

Question 9

boiling point elevation

Answer 9

boiling point of solvent in 1-molal solution of nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute

Question 10

properties of acids

Answer 10

• sour taste
• can react with metals to release hydrogen
• produce salt and water with braces
• conduct electric current

Question 11

monoprotic acids

Answer 11

only donate 1 proton per molecule

Question 12

polyprotic

Answer 12

can donate more than 1 proton per molecule
(diprotic: donates 2, triprotic: donates 3)

Question 13

properties of bases

Answer 13

• taste bitter
• can feel slippery

Question 14

Arrhenius acid

Answer 14

chemical compound that increases concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

Question 15

Arrhenius base

Answer 15

increases concentration of hydroxide ions

Question 16

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 16

molecule/ion that is proton donor

Question 17

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 17

molecule/ion that is proton acceptor

Question 18

conjugate acid of the base

Answer 18

formed when B-L base gains a proton

Question 19

conjugate base of the acid

Answer 19

species formed when B-L loses proton

Question 20

Lewis acid

Answer 20

atom/ion/molecule that accepts electron pair to form covalent bond

Question 21

Lewis base

Answer 21

atom/ion/molecule that donates electron pair to form covalent bond

Question 22

amphoteric compounds

Answer 22

any species that can react as either acid or base

Question 23

pH meter

Answer 23

determines pH of a solution by measuring voltages between 2 electrodes that are placed in solution

Question 24

acid-based indicators

Answer 24

compounds whose colours are sensitive to pH

Question 25

transition interval

Answer 25

pH range over which an indicator changes colour

Question 26

titration

Answer 26

controlled addition and measurement of amount of solution of known concentration required to react completely with measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration

Question 27

equivalence point

Answer 27

point at which 2 solutions in titration are present in chemical equivalent amount

Question 28

end point of the indicator

Answer 28

at which the indicator changes colour