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HS Chemistry > CHEM FINAL > Flashcards

CHEM FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

A _____ is a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory.

A

real gas

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2
Q

_____ is the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state.

A

evaporation

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3
Q

According to the kinetic-molecular theory, collisions between particles and between particles and the container walls are _____ collisions.

A

elastic

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4
Q

_____ are the most ordered.

A

solids

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5
Q

A _____ is a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern.

A

crystal

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6
Q

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is its _____.

A

melting point

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7
Q

_____ principle states that when a system at equilibrium is disturbed by application of a stress, it attains a new equilibrium position that minimizes stress.

A

Le Chatelier

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8
Q

What substance is a non-electrolyte?

A

sugar

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9
Q

_____ law relates temperature and pressure.

A

Boyle’s

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10
Q

A _____ is the component of a solution that is present in the largest amount.

A

solvent

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11
Q

The _____ occurs when light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium.

A

Tyndall effect

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12
Q

If the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred, the mixture is called a _____.

A

suspension

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13
Q

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current is called an _____.

A

electrolyte

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14
Q

Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other are _____.

A

immiscible

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15
Q

Particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions from mixtures known as _____.

A

colloids

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16
Q

_____ are components of a solution that are present in amounts smaller than the solvent.

A

solutes

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17
Q

Ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called _____.

A

ionization

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18
Q

_____ do not take part in the chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction.

A

spectator ions

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19
Q

A _____ acid can donate 2 protons per molecule.

A

diprotic

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20
Q

A/n _____ acid is a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

A

Arrhenius

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21
Q

Any species that can react as either an acid or a base is called _____.

A

amphoteric

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22
Q

A _____ equation includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.

A

net ionic equation

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23
Q

Sulfuric acid is a _____ acid.

A

monoprotic

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24
Q

_____ are compounds whose colours are sensitive to pH.

A

acid-base indicators

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25
Q

A _____ base is a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor.

A

Bronsted-Lowry

26
Q

The _____ point is the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts.

A

equivalence

27
Q

The _____ point of the indicator is the point in a titration at which the indicator changes colour.

A

end

28
Q

A _____ solution is the solution that contains precisely known concentration of a solute.

A

standard

29
Q

A _____ acid is an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

A

Lewis

30
Q

The pH of a neutral solution is _____?

A

7

31
Q

What is an example of an amphoteric species?

A

H2O

32
Q

What do colligative properties depend on?

A

concentration

33
Q

Acids taste _____.

A

sour

34
Q

A solution with a pH of 9 is _____.

A

basic

35
Q

_____ is the study of the changes in heat energy that accompany chemical reactions and physical changes.

A

thermochemistry

36
Q

_____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

A

temperature

37
Q

_____ is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1C.

A

specific heat

38
Q

The rate determining step for the chemical reaction is the _____ step.

A

slowest

39
Q

A _____ reaction is a chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactant.

A

reversible

40
Q

_____ principal states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the equilibrium is shifted in the direction that tends to relieve the stress.

A

Le Chatelier’s

41
Q

A chemical reaction is in chemical _____ when the rate of its forward reaction equals the rate of its reverse reaction.

A

equilibrium

42
Q

The _____ effect is when the addition of an ion common to the 2 solutes brings about a precipitation or reduced ionization.

A

common ion

43
Q

_____ is a measure of the degree of randomness of the particles in a system.

A

entropy

44
Q

_____ is the minimum energy required to transform the reactants into an activated complex.

A

activation energy

45
Q

A _____ is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed.

A

catalyst

46
Q

_______ is a chemical change in which a species gains electrons.

A

reduction

47
Q

The _____ is where reduction takes place.

A

cathode

48
Q

_____ is the branch of chemistry that deals with electricity related applications of redox reactions.

A

electrochemistry

49
Q

The electrochemical cell is a ______ cell if the redox reaction occurs spontaneously and produces electrical energy

A

voltaic

50
Q

_____ is a measure of the energy required to move a certain electric charge between electrodes.

A

voltage

51
Q

The oxidation number of a neutral pure element is always _____.

A

0

52
Q

An _____ is a conductor used to establish electrical contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit, such as an electrolyte.

A

electrode

53
Q

The _____ is where oxidation takes place.

A

anode

54
Q

Negative Ecell values mean that the reaction is _____.

A

nonspontaneous

55
Q

_____ is a chemical change in which a species loses electron.

A

oxidation

56
Q

An electrochemical cell is an _____ cell if an electric current is used to produce a redox reaction and bring about a chemical change.

A

electrolytic

57
Q

An _____ is 2 protons and 2 neutrons ejected from the nucleus.

A

alpha particle

58
Q

_____ are high energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state.

A

gamma rays

59
Q

The oxidation number for hydrogen is _____.

A

+1

60
Q

Does a reaction have to be a redox reaction?

A

no

61
Q

Can oxidation happen without reduction?

A

no

HS Chemistry (6 decks)

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