CHEM FINAL Flashcards
A _____ is a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory.
real gas
_____ is the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state.
evaporation
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, collisions between particles and between particles and the container walls are _____ collisions.
elastic
_____ are the most ordered.
solids
A _____ is a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern.
crystal
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is its _____.
melting point
_____ principle states that when a system at equilibrium is disturbed by application of a stress, it attains a new equilibrium position that minimizes stress.
Le Chatelier
What substance is a non-electrolyte?
sugar
_____ law relates temperature and pressure.
Boyle’s
A _____ is the component of a solution that is present in the largest amount.
solvent
The _____ occurs when light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium.
Tyndall effect
If the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred, the mixture is called a _____.
suspension
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current is called an _____.
electrolyte
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other are _____.
immiscible
Particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions from mixtures known as _____.
colloids
_____ are components of a solution that are present in amounts smaller than the solvent.
solutes
Ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called _____.
ionization
_____ do not take part in the chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction.
spectator ions
A _____ acid can donate 2 protons per molecule.
diprotic
A/n _____ acid is a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.
Arrhenius
Any species that can react as either an acid or a base is called _____.
amphoteric
A _____ equation includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.
net ionic equation
Sulfuric acid is a _____ acid.
monoprotic
_____ are compounds whose colours are sensitive to pH.
acid-base indicators
A _____ base is a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor.
Bronsted-Lowry
The _____ point is the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts.
equivalence
The _____ point of the indicator is the point in a titration at which the indicator changes colour.
end
A _____ solution is the solution that contains precisely known concentration of a solute.
standard
A _____ acid is an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.
Lewis
The pH of a neutral solution is _____?
7
What is an example of an amphoteric species?
H2O
What do colligative properties depend on?
concentration
Acids taste _____.
sour
A solution with a pH of 9 is _____.
basic
_____ is the study of the changes in heat energy that accompany chemical reactions and physical changes.
thermochemistry
_____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
temperature
_____ is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1C.
specific heat
The rate determining step for the chemical reaction is the _____ step.
slowest
A _____ reaction is a chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactant.
reversible
_____ principal states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the equilibrium is shifted in the direction that tends to relieve the stress.
Le Chatelier’s
A chemical reaction is in chemical _____ when the rate of its forward reaction equals the rate of its reverse reaction.
equilibrium
The _____ effect is when the addition of an ion common to the 2 solutes brings about a precipitation or reduced ionization.
common ion
_____ is a measure of the degree of randomness of the particles in a system.
entropy
_____ is the minimum energy required to transform the reactants into an activated complex.
activation energy
A _____ is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed.
catalyst
_______ is a chemical change in which a species gains electrons.
reduction
The _____ is where reduction takes place.
cathode
_____ is the branch of chemistry that deals with electricity related applications of redox reactions.
electrochemistry
The electrochemical cell is a ______ cell if the redox reaction occurs spontaneously and produces electrical energy
voltaic
_____ is a measure of the energy required to move a certain electric charge between electrodes.
voltage
The oxidation number of a neutral pure element is always _____.
0
An _____ is a conductor used to establish electrical contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit, such as an electrolyte.
electrode
The _____ is where oxidation takes place.
anode
Negative Ecell values mean that the reaction is _____.
nonspontaneous
_____ is a chemical change in which a species loses electron.
oxidation
An electrochemical cell is an _____ cell if an electric current is used to produce a redox reaction and bring about a chemical change.
electrolytic
An _____ is 2 protons and 2 neutrons ejected from the nucleus.
alpha particle
_____ are high energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state.
gamma rays
The oxidation number for hydrogen is _____.
+1
Does a reaction have to be a redox reaction?
no
Can oxidation happen without reduction?
no
