UNIT EIGHT

Question 1

oxidation

Answer 1

chemical change in which a species loses electrons

Question 2

reduction

Answer 2

chemical change in which a species gains electrons

Question 3

oxidation numbers (oxidation state)

Answer 3

based on number of electrons that each atom gains/loses when it forms ions or shares a covalent bond

Question 4

elements that are -1 in ions

Answer 4

chlorine, fluorine, bromine

Question 5

ion +1 element

Answer 5

H

Question 6

element -2 in ion

Answer 6

O

Question 7

electrochemistry

Answer 7

deals with electricity related applications of redox reactions

Question 8

electrode

Answer 8

conductor used to establish electrical contact with nonmetallic part of circuit

Question 9

half-cell

Answer 9

single electrode immersed in solution of ions

Question 10

anode

Answer 10

electrode where oxidation takes place (more positive)

Question 11

cathode

Answer 11

electrode where reduction takes place (more negative)

Question 12

electrochemical cell

Answer 12

system of electrodes and electrolytes where chemical reactions produce electrical energy/electric current produces chemical change

Question 13

Galvanic cell

Answer 13

oxidizing agent that pulls electrons through wire from reducing agent

Question 14

cell potential (E cell)

Answer 14

pull on cell potential
E cell = cathode - anode

Question 15

reduction potential

Answer 15

different tendencies of metals for accepting electrons

Question 16

electrolysis

Answer 16

passing of direct electric current through electrolyte producing chemical reactions at electrodes and decomposition of materials

Question 17

carbon prefixes

Answer 17

1. meth-
2. eth-
3. prop-
4. but-
5. pent-
6. hex-
7. hept-
8. oct-
9. non
10. dec-

Question 18

bond type suffixes

Answer 18

1. -ane
2. -ene
3. -yne

Question 19

methyl

Answer 19

CH3

Question 20

ethyl

Answer 20

CH2CH3

Question 21

propyl

Answer 21

CH2CH2CH3

Question 22

alcohol

Answer 22

OH

Question 23

nuclear reaction

Answer 23

reaction that affects nucleus of an atom

Question 24

radioactive decay

Answer 24

spontaneous disintegration of nucleus into lighter and more stable nucleus

emits particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both

Question 25

nuclear radiation

Answer 25

particles/electromagnetic radiation emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay

Question 26

alpha particle

Answer 26

2 protons and 2 neutrons ejected from nucleus

Question 27

beta particle

Answer 27

electron emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay

Question 28

gamma rays

Answer 28

high-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from excited state to ground energy state

Question 29

nuclear fission

Answer 29

when heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei of intermediate mass

reaction gives off large amounts of heat and is used for nuclear power