Unit One, Types of Families Flashcards
Define anthropology
The study of human behaviour in societies
What do anthropologists focus on when studying societies
Culture (arts, beliefs, habits, etc)
How do cultural anthropologists get first hand experiences
By living with the society
Why do anthropologists study contemporary societies
to determine cultural patterns and regional, or national variations
What does anthropology highlight
the diversity of behaviours of society
Define ethnocentrism
the tendency to evaluate behaviour from the point of view of your own culture
Why is understanding other cultures necessary
to overcome ethnocentrism
Is all cultural behaviour invented
yes
All cultures will eventually be able to do what?
Observe their own cultural objectivity
Define sociology
The social science that explains the behaviour of people in different groups
What do sociologists investigate
social facts
What are social facts
the social sources of behaviour that are used to explain rates of behaviour
What do sociologists focus on when studying behaviours of groups
patterns of behaviour
Define demographics
statistics of groups basted off of studies
How are demographics produced
statistics
What are demographics used for
planning social policy, marketing decisions, etc
Does sociology explain the behaviour of individuals
not really, psychology focuses on this
Define psychology
Study of how individuals think and why they think the way they do
What do psychologists focus on
how individuals think, and study interaction and influences on one another
What do researchers observe in psychology
activity in brain, biological and chemical bases in brain
What is personality
mental process and the characteristic patterns of motivation
What are psychology studies used for
for macro studies of group behaviour, to help manager behaviour and motivate people
What are the different types of families
nuclear, extended, sandwich, club sandwich, childless single parent, blended, communal, pretzel, gay or same sex
Define nuclear family
husband, wife, children (natural or adopted)
Define extended family
husband, wife, children plus one or more other relatives living in the same home
What types of extended family are there
Sandwich generation and club sandwich generation
Define sandwich generation
husband and wife looking after their children and their aging parents who need assistance due to illness, death of partner, etc
Define club sandwich generation
adult children with their own children move back home. Grandparents often care for children. Sometimes the grandparent has sole custody of the child- “Grandfamilies”
Define childless couple
husband and wife— this may be a double career family (by choice), an older couple whore children are grown, a couple who cannot have children
Define single parent family
A) Mother headed— father gone b/c of death, divorce or desertion.
B) Father headed—mother gone b/c of death, divorce or desertion
Define blended family
can be very complex when children are involved
Examples; A) single woman marries a widowed or divorced man
B) widowed woman marries single or widowed or divorced man
C) Divorced woman marries single or widowed or divorced man
define communal family
a group of families sharing family responsibilities in a cooperative way
define pretzel family
constantly changing, but endures an interdependence among generations
define gay or same sex family
same sex couple with or without children
What are the different technological and social changes affecting the family (in the past 150 years)
Industrialization, urbanization, size of families, mobility, gainful employment of women, impact of mass media communication, families have more resources, improved standards of education, adoption of labour having devices, Applying Democratic Principles to Personal Relationships, Growth of Welfare Services of Institutions and Government (look to note for more in-depth explanation)
What is our definition of a family
A group or institution
May or may not be 2 or more people living in the same dwelling
………
What are Hordes
The first groupings of families
What do hordes likely consist of
loses groupings of female and males as well as their offspring
What were Hordes characteristics most likely similar to
Similar to that of the chimpanzee group
What is different characteristically from Hordes and Chimpanzees
Hordes developed taboos against certain types of aggression and sexual activity
What social organization used in Hordes
Most likely, social organization
So, the older, the more powerful, not just the more physically stronger
Define Consanguinity
to be related by blood or by informal relationships (aka marriage)
Define monogamy
Having one marital partner
Is monogamy preferred?
Yes, typically among women
Define polygamy
More than one wife
When did polygamy start
when agriculture became established, and individual farmers could afford to support multiple wives
Define patriarchy
Men were the rulers and decision makers of the family, in attempt to ensure their fatherhood and orderly inheritance of their property
During the time of patriarchy, were women equal to men
No they were not, they had little/no rights and became property of men
Why were arranged marriages formed
To ensure that young women would produce more children, women became an asset
What are extended families when in the context of history
When married children would live with their parents because they needed land for agriculture, this happened in the patriarchal times
Define clans
Many related extended families
What are the two types of statements
Statements of observation, and statements of inference
What are the three absolute criteria of statements of observation (there are 4 total but the first three are most importance)
Can be made only after or during observation.
Must stay with what one has observed— must not go beyond. (I observed the man wearing the tie—his buying it, if he did so, was beyond my observation.)
Can be made only by the observer. (The observational statements of another are still my inferences, assuming that I have not observed what he has.)
If the first three requisite of observations are not met, what does that mean
it means that you do not have a statement of observation
What is the fourth statement of observation
only approach “certainty”
What are the 4 statements of inference
Can be made at any time
Can go beyond observation— well beyond. We can infer to the limits of our imagination.
Can be made by anyone.
Statements of inference involve degrees of probability.
