Unit 4 Flashcards
what are the socialization theories
Psychoanalytic Theories Conditioning Developmental Approach Symbolic Interaction Sociobiology
What are the Psychoanalytic Theories
(Freud theories)
Unit
What are the conditioning theories
Unit 2
What is the developmental approach
David Elkind— “Hurried Children” theory
Children cannot be rushed through certain stages in their development
Pushing children beyond their capabilities can lead to later emotional and behavioural problems
What is symbolic interaction theory
Unit 2
What is the sociobiology theory
Socialization s influenced not only by our environmental factors, but also genes (nature/nurture)
What are some reasons for spanking
physical discipline works much of the time
establishes a hierarchy
teaches child to own up to their wrongdoings
words can only go so far
What are some reasons against spanking
fine line between abuse and spanking
could be considered abuse?
other forms of discipline (verbal, groundings, showing the “right” way)
forms a fearful relationship between parent and child
child can become abusive
kids see that it is okay to hit people, and may start hitting others
What is the rule about spanking in Canada
Section 43 allows it— “Reasonable force law”
Parents, teachers and guardians can spank
Law first adopted in 1892 by the British Parliament
may not spank a child under 2, who is mentally ill, or out of anger/frustration
Can’t spank teenagers
Can’t use belt, ruler, etc
Can’t be hit in the head
Can’t be abusive
Who wants to repeal the law
the liberals
What does a McMaster study say about spanking
potential psychological problems later in life if they experiences spanking
The UN says not to spank
Many European countries have banned spanking
Canada is divided on the issue
What is an attachment relationship
between mother and infant
attachment is defined as behaviours that represent the need of the infant to maintain proximity and protection
What are the two types of attachment relationships
Securely attached infant
Insecurely attached infant
What is securely attached infant
head for the mothers rather than fathers
if, for instance, a stranger is present
What is insecurely attached infant
the appearance of a stranger will make the infant avoid or resist the parents
What are the 3 types of parenting styles
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
What does authoritative parenting include
warmth, support, acceptance and indirect positive control of the child
children end up better adjusted physiologically, and better self-concept
What does authoritarian parenting include
parental control, use of punishment
children end up feeling rejected by parents and has negative adjustment
What does premising parenting include
few rules, children controlling family situations
children end up immature, impulsive and irresponsible
What are Barbara Coloroso’s Parenting Styles
Brick Wall
Jellyfish
Backbone
What does brick wall include
hierarchy of control
litany of any ridged rules (thou shalt nots, and don’t you dares)
Ridged enforcement of rules
Punishment imposed by adults
Use of sarcasm, ridicule and embarrassment to manipulate and control behaviour
threats and bribes are used extensively
relies on heavy competition
learning takes place in an atmosphere of fear
children learn that love is highly conditional
Children learn what to think and are easily manipulated
high-risk group for sexual promiscuity, drug abuse, and suicide
What does Jellyfish include
Anarchy
No recognizable structure, rules or guidelines
punishment and rewards are arbitrary and inconsistent
mini-lectures and put-downs are typical tools
2nd changes are given often
threats and bribes are common
learning takes place in environment of chaos
emotions rule behaviour of parents and children
children learn love is highly conditional
children are easily led by peer influence
high risk group for sexual promiscuity, drug abuse and suicide
What does backbone include
Network of support is developed
democracy is learned through experience
provides an environment that is flexible and conductive to creative constructive and responsible activity
rules are simple and clearly stated
consequences are logical, realistic, and palatable
discipline with authority gives life to learning
motivated children to be all they can be
Lots of smiles, hugs and humour
provides second opportunities
learning takes place in an atmosphere of acceptance and high expectations
children learn to accept their own feelings and control their behaviour
encourages competency and co-operativeness
love is unconditional
teaches children how to think
buffers students from sexual promiscuity
What group is the poorest in canada
Divorced women and their children are the fastest growing group of poor people in Canada
What Risk factors have an impact on children’s development after the divorce of their parents
Parental conflict frightens children and does not show them how to solve problems in a healthy manner
the economic resources available for parenting are often reduced after divorce. Divorced women and their children are the fastest growing group of poor people in Canada. Inadequate resources affect parents’ ability to supply children with all of their needs
parents adjust to divorce differently. those that suffer from stress may not be able to paren as well as usual
parents who rely on their children for support are putting undo pressure on them, which has a negative impact on their adjustment
parent-child relationships change with divorce and mist be renegotiated, children need to be free to develop relationships with both parents after the divorce
a number of parents disappear from their children’s lives. These children feel abandoned and have a difficult time adjusting
What are the short term consequences of divorce on children
children of divorced parents
suffers from anxiety, depression and emotional disorders
show behavioural problems including aggressiveness, hyperactivity and hostility
anymore likely to become young offenders
and more likely to do poorly in school and drop out
experience social problems, have few friends, and are less involved in extracurricular activities
What are the long term consequences of divorce on children
are more likely to have children out of wedlock
more likely to experience teen pregnancy
have lower overall levels of eduction
experience more unemployment
experience more marital problems
more likely to divorce when they are adults
more likely to be poor
Define substantiated
the balance of the evidence indicated that abuse has occurred
Define suspected
there isn’t enough evidence however there is a strong suspicion that abuse has occurred
define unsubstantiated
the evidence does not lead to a conclusion of abuse
what is child neglect
covers a wide range of parental behaviours, from failure to provide the necessities of life, to inadequate supervision, to emotional neglect, when the parent withdraws emotionally from child, providing little love or emotional support
what is physical abuse
non-accidental injury to a child resulting harm the actions of a parent or guardian. The message they receive is that they are bad and deserve to be mistreated
what is verbal abuse
aka emotional abuse; is emotionally damaging because it hurts the children’s emerging vision of who they are and how they define themselves. If children only get negative messages of who they are, they believe them to be true and will be scarred for life
this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy
what is sexual abuse
they suffer from incest, intercourse with a blood relative, or anyone. this can be the child being forced to touch the adult to touch him/herself, sexual exposure of either adult or child
what are the different types of abuse
sexual, neglect, verbal, physical
