Unit 4

Question 1

what are the socialization theories

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic Theories 
Conditioning
Developmental Approach
Symbolic Interaction
Sociobiology

Question 2

What are the Psychoanalytic Theories

Answer 2

(Freud theories)

Unit

Question 3

What are the conditioning theories

Answer 3

Unit 2

Question 4

What is the developmental approach

Answer 4

David Elkind— “Hurried Children” theory
Children cannot be rushed through certain stages in their development
Pushing children beyond their capabilities can lead to later emotional and behavioural problems

Question 5

What is symbolic interaction theory

Answer 5

Unit 2

Question 6

What is the sociobiology theory

Answer 6

Socialization s influenced not only by our environmental factors, but also genes (nature/nurture)

Question 7

What are some reasons for spanking

Answer 7

physical discipline works much of the time
establishes a hierarchy
teaches child to own up to their wrongdoings
words can only go so far

Question 8

What are some reasons against spanking

Answer 8

fine line between abuse and spanking
could be considered abuse?
other forms of discipline (verbal, groundings, showing the “right” way)
forms a fearful relationship between parent and child
child can become abusive
kids see that it is okay to hit people, and may start hitting others

Question 9

What is the rule about spanking in Canada

Answer 9

Section 43 allows it— “Reasonable force law”
Parents, teachers and guardians can spank
Law first adopted in 1892 by the British Parliament
may not spank a child under 2, who is mentally ill, or out of anger/frustration
Can’t spank teenagers
Can’t use belt, ruler, etc
Can’t be hit in the head
Can’t be abusive

Question 10

Who wants to repeal the law

Answer 10

the liberals

Question 11

What does a McMaster study say about spanking

Answer 11

potential psychological problems later in life if they experiences spanking
The UN says not to spank
Many European countries have banned spanking
Canada is divided on the issue

Question 12

What is an attachment relationship

Answer 12

between mother and infant

attachment is defined as behaviours that represent the need of the infant to maintain proximity and protection

Question 13

What are the two types of attachment relationships

Answer 13

Securely attached infant

Insecurely attached infant

Question 14

What is securely attached infant

Answer 14

head for the mothers rather than fathers

if, for instance, a stranger is present

Question 15

What is insecurely attached infant

Answer 15

the appearance of a stranger will make the infant avoid or resist the parents

Question 16

What are the 3 types of parenting styles

Answer 16

Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive

Question 17

What does authoritative parenting include

Answer 17

warmth, support, acceptance and indirect positive control of the child
children end up better adjusted physiologically, and better self-concept

Question 18

What does authoritarian parenting include

Answer 18

parental control, use of punishment

children end up feeling rejected by parents and has negative adjustment

Question 19

What does premising parenting include

Answer 19

few rules, children controlling family situations

children end up immature, impulsive and irresponsible

Question 20

What are Barbara Coloroso’s Parenting Styles

Answer 20

Brick Wall
Jellyfish
Backbone

Question 21

What does brick wall include

Answer 21

hierarchy of control
litany of any ridged rules (thou shalt nots, and don’t you dares)
Ridged enforcement of rules
Punishment imposed by adults
Use of sarcasm, ridicule and embarrassment to manipulate and control behaviour
threats and bribes are used extensively
relies on heavy competition
learning takes place in an atmosphere of fear
children learn that love is highly conditional
Children learn what to think and are easily manipulated
high-risk group for sexual promiscuity, drug abuse, and suicide

Question 22

What does Jellyfish include

Answer 22

Anarchy
No recognizable structure, rules or guidelines
punishment and rewards are arbitrary and inconsistent
mini-lectures and put-downs are typical tools
2nd changes are given often
threats and bribes are common
learning takes place in environment of chaos
emotions rule behaviour of parents and children
children learn love is highly conditional
children are easily led by peer influence
high risk group for sexual promiscuity, drug abuse and suicide

Question 23

What does backbone include

Answer 23

Network of support is developed
democracy is learned through experience
provides an environment that is flexible and conductive to creative constructive and responsible activity
rules are simple and clearly stated
consequences are logical, realistic, and palatable
discipline with authority gives life to learning
motivated children to be all they can be
Lots of smiles, hugs and humour
provides second opportunities
learning takes place in an atmosphere of acceptance and high expectations
children learn to accept their own feelings and control their behaviour
encourages competency and co-operativeness
love is unconditional
teaches children how to think
buffers students from sexual promiscuity

Question 24

What group is the poorest in canada

Answer 24

Divorced women and their children are the fastest growing group of poor people in Canada

Question 25

What Risk factors have an impact on children’s development after the divorce of their parents

Answer 25

Parental conflict frightens children and does not show them how to solve problems in a healthy manner
the economic resources available for parenting are often reduced after divorce. Divorced women and their children are the fastest growing group of poor people in Canada. Inadequate resources affect parents’ ability to supply children with all of their needs
parents adjust to divorce differently. those that suffer from stress may not be able to paren as well as usual
parents who rely on their children for support are putting undo pressure on them, which has a negative impact on their adjustment
parent-child relationships change with divorce and mist be renegotiated, children need to be free to develop relationships with both parents after the divorce
a number of parents disappear from their children’s lives. These children feel abandoned and have a difficult time adjusting

Question 26

What are the short term consequences of divorce on children

Answer 26

children of divorced parents
suffers from anxiety, depression and emotional disorders
show behavioural problems including aggressiveness, hyperactivity and hostility
anymore likely to become young offenders
and more likely to do poorly in school and drop out
experience social problems, have few friends, and are less involved in extracurricular activities

Question 27

What are the long term consequences of divorce on children

Answer 27

are more likely to have children out of wedlock
more likely to experience teen pregnancy
have lower overall levels of eduction
experience more unemployment
experience more marital problems
more likely to divorce when they are adults
more likely to be poor

Question 28

Define substantiated

Answer 28

the balance of the evidence indicated that abuse has occurred

Question 29

Define suspected

Answer 29

there isn’t enough evidence however there is a strong suspicion that abuse has occurred

Question 30

define unsubstantiated

Answer 30

the evidence does not lead to a conclusion of abuse

Question 31

what is child neglect

Answer 31

covers a wide range of parental behaviours, from failure to provide the necessities of life, to inadequate supervision, to emotional neglect, when the parent withdraws emotionally from child, providing little love or emotional support

Question 32

what is physical abuse

Answer 32

non-accidental injury to a child resulting harm the actions of a parent or guardian. The message they receive is that they are bad and deserve to be mistreated

Question 33

what is verbal abuse

Answer 33

aka emotional abuse; is emotionally damaging because it hurts the children’s emerging vision of who they are and how they define themselves. If children only get negative messages of who they are, they believe them to be true and will be scarred for life
this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 34

what is sexual abuse

Answer 34

they suffer from incest, intercourse with a blood relative, or anyone. this can be the child being forced to touch the adult to touch him/herself, sexual exposure of either adult or child

Question 35

what are the different types of abuse

Answer 35

sexual, neglect, verbal, physical