Unit One Review

Question 1

A group of individuals of the same species within the same ecosystem is know as a___
a. cohort
b. population
c. colony
d. community

Answer 1

b. population

Question 2

The number of individuals in a population divided by the area that the population takes up is known as the ___ of the population
a. demography
b. density
c. structure
d. dynamics

Answer 2

b. density

Question 3

Which factor is most likely to cause an increase in the carrying capacity of a population?
a. an increase in stress
b. an increase in predation
c. an increase in food supply
d. an increase in resource requirement per individual

Answer 3

. an increase in food supply

Question 4

Which interspecific interaction has negative effects on both species involved?
a. commensalism
b. amensalism
c. competition
d. exploitation

Answer 4

c. competition

Question 5

The relationship between lions and zebras in an example of what kind of interaction?
a. competition
b. amensalism
c. commensalism
d. exploitation

Answer 5

d. exploitation

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary consumer?
a. an herbivorous beetle larva
b. an oak tree
c. a predatory fish
d. a scavenger

Answer 6

a. an herbivorous beetle larva

Question 7

A species of spider that feeds on herbivorous insects is an ___?
a. primary consumer
b. secondary consumer
c. tertiary consumer
d. an omnivore

Answer 7

b. secondary consumer

Question 8

The effect that the removal of wolves from yellowstone national park had on aspen trees is best described as ____
a. a consumer-resource relationship
b. the consequences of a trophic pyramid
c. the consequences of a trophic cascade
d. the result of resource partitioning

Answer 8

c. the consequences of a trophic cascade

Question 9

Which of the following is true about terrestrial net primary productivity?
a. in does not vary with precipitation
b. it increases with latitude
c. it increases with elevation
d. it generally increases with temperature

Answer 9

d. it generally increases with temperature

Question 10

Which of the following represent the biomes that have the greatest net primary production?
a. tropical rain forests and swamps and marshes
b. tropical rain forests and coral reefs
c. estuaries and savannas
d. estuaries and boreal forests

Answer 10

a. tropical rain forests and swamps and marshes

Question 11

Plants absorb most of the nutrients they need for growth and reproduction as ions dissolved in water. Which of the following do plants get from the air?
a. nitrogen
b. carbon
c. calcium
d. potassium

Answer 11

b. carbon

Question 12

If global respiration exceeded global photosynthesis, how would the global carbon cycle be affected?
a. atmospheric co2 would decrease
b. atmospheric co2 would increase
c. atmospheric co2 would remain unchanged

Answer 12

b. atmospheric co2 would increase

Question 13

What is the relationship between the process of nitrogen fixation and denitrification?
A. denitrification takes nitrogen from the air and makes it usable by plants; nitrogen fixation returns nitrogen to the environment as nitrogen gas
b. nitrogen fixation takes nitrogen from the air and makes it usable by plants; denitrification returns nitrogen to the environment as nitrogen gas
c. denitrification converts ammonia to nitrates; nitrogen fixation covers nitrates to nitrites
d. nitrogen fixation converts ammonia to nitrogen gas; denitrification converts nitrogen gas to ammonia.

Answer 13

b. nitrogen fixation takes nitrogen from the air and makes it usable by plants; denitrification returns nitrogen to the environment as nitrogen gas

Question 14

The largest pool (or reservoir) of nitrogen is located in ____
a. the soil
b. the atmosphere
c. the ocean
d. in fossil fuels

Answer 14

b. the atmosphere

Question 15

Which process drives the cycling of water through the global water cycle?
a. evaporation and gravity
b. precipitation and evaporation
c. transpiration and precipitation
d. gravity and precipitation

Answer 15

b. precipitation and evaporation

Question 16

A farmer was interested in knowing how many grasshoppers were present in his field. So one day, he caught 50 grasshoppers. He painted a small red dot on the back of the thorax and released them. The following day, he captured 128 grasshoppers. Among them were twelve individuals with red dots. What is the estimated population size of grasshoppers living on the farmer’s field?
a. 533
b. 353
c. 7680
d. 76800

Answer 16

a. 533

Question 17

Which of the biomes listed are the most productive and least productive terrestrial biomes?
a. temperate forst (M)/ tundra and alpine (L)
b. tropical forest (M) / tundra and alpine (L)
c. cultivated land (M) / desert scrub (L)
d. tropical forest (M) / desert scrub (L)

Answer 17

d. tropical forest (M) / desert scrub (L)

Question 18

Which of the following correctly lists the four major groups of biologically important macromolecules?
a. sugars, fats, proteins and nucleic acids
b. complex carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
c. nucleotides, complex carbohydrates, fats and oils, and proteins
d. glucose, amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids

Answer 18

b. complex carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 19

Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of several macromolecules. Which of the following are macromolecules for which nitrogen is required?
a. amino acids and nucleotides
b. amino acids and proteins
c. nucleic acids and proteins
d. nucleotides and nucleic acids

Answer 19

c. nucleic acids and proteins

Question 20

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are a major cause of global warming. Which of the following could contribute to this effect?
a. cellular respiration and photosynthesis occurring at equivalent rates
b. photosynthesis occurring at a greater rate than cellular respiration
c. cellular respiration occurring at a greater rate than photosynthesis.

Answer 20

c. cellular respiration occurring at a greater rate than photosynthesis.

Question 21

Which of the following correctly reflects the process of science?
a. observation, hypothesis formulation, question, experiment, prediction
b. observation, question, hypothesis formation, experiment, support or refute hypothesis
c. observation, question, hypothesis formation, experiment, prove or disprove hypothesis
d. observation, question, experiment, hypothesis formulation, prove or disprove hypothesis

Answer 21

b. observation, question, hypothesis formation, experiment, support or refute hypothesis

Question 22

You want to grow your own pepper plants from seeds. You notice the seeds take a long time to germinate. You read somewhere that some seeds germinate more quickly in a warm environment. So, you decide to see if warmer temps will speed up the germination process. To see if you are right, you place one set of twenty seeds in potting soil on the counter and place a second set of twenty seeds on top of a heating pad on the same counter. You add water and wait.

The independent variable of this experiment is?

Answer 22

A. The presence or absence of the heating pad beneath the seeds

Question 23

You want to grow your own pepper plants from seeds. You notice the seeds take a long time to germinate. You read somewhere that some seeds germinate more quickly in a warm environment. So, you decide to see if warmer temps will speed up the germination process. To see if you are right, you place one set of twenty seeds in potting soil on the counter and place a second set of twenty seeds on top of a heating pad on the same counter. You add water and wait.

Which of the following is the hypothesis tested in this experiment?
a. temperature affects the germination rate of pepper seeds
b. if seeds are set on a heating pad, they will germinate more quickly compared to seeds that are set on the counter alone
c. warmer temperatures are better for the germination of pepper seeds

Answer 23

a. temperature affects the germination rate of pepper seeds

Question 24

You want to grow your own pepper plants from seeds. You notice the seeds take a long time to germinate. You read somewhere that some seeds germinate more quickly in a warm environment. So, you decide to see if warmer temps will speed up the germination process. To see if you are right, you place one set of twenty seeds in potting soil on the counter and place a second set of twenty seeds on top of a heating pad on the same counter. You add water and wait.

The control for this experiment is?

Answer 24

B. the seeds on the counter without a heating pad

Question 25

All of the living things in a particular area along with all the nonliving aspects of the environment with which organisms interact is known as…
a. an ecosystem
b. the biosphere
c. a biological community
d. a population

Answer 25

a. an ecosystem

Question 26

All of the organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known as…
a. a biological system
b. a biosphere
c. a biological community
d. a population

Answer 26

c. a biological community

Question 27

Which of the following levels of ecological organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most inclusive to least inclusive?
a. community, ecosystem, individual, community
b. population, ecosystem, individual, community
c. ecosystem, community, population, individual
d. individual, population, community, ecosystem
e. individual, community, population, ecosystem

Answer 27

c. ecosystem, community, population, individual

Question 28

uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with…
a. chance
b. patterns of high humidity
c. the random distribution of seeds
d. the competitive interaction between individuals of the same population

Answer 28

d. the competitive interaction between individuals of the same population

Question 29

carrying capacity is…
a. seldom exceeded in real populations
b. the max population size that a particular environment can support
c. fixed for most species over most of their range most of the time
d. determined by density and dispersion data
e. the term used to describe the stress a population undergoes due to limited resources

Answer 29

b. the max population size that a particular environment can support

Question 30

As “N” approaches “K” for a certain population, which of the following will happen?
a. the population growth will not change
b. the population growth rate will approach zero
c. the population will increase exponentially
d. the carrying capacity of the environment will increase

Answer 30

b. the population growth rate will approach zero

Question 31

Which of the following causes populations to ship most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth.
a. increased birth rate
b. removal of predators
c. decreased death rate
d. competition for resources
e. favorable climatic conditions

Answer 31

d. competition for resources

Question 32

The feeding relationships between species in a community is called
a. biomass
b. trophic structure
c. top-down control
d. bottoms-up control

Answer 32

. trophic structure

Question 33

Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed. which of the following terms would best describe this plant-herbivore interaction
a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. parasitism
d. competition
e. predation

Answer 33

a. mutualism

Question 34

In ecosystems, why is the term cycling used to describe the transfer of chemical elements, where as the term flow is used for energy exchange?
a. chemical elements are repeated used, but energy flows through and out of ecosystems
b. photosynthesis and feeding relationships result in transforming chemical elements, but not energy
c. chemical elements are transferred into ecosystems from other ecosystems, but energy is only transferred within a single ecosystem.
d. in an ecosystem, the total amount of chemical elements does not change, whereas the total amount of energy can change.

Answer 34

a. chemical elements are repeated used, but energy flows through and out of ecosystems

Question 35

A cow’s herbivorous diet indicates that it is an
a. secondary consumer
b. primary consumer
c. decomposer
d. autotroph
e. producer

Answer 35

b. primary consumer

Question 36

To recycle nutrients, an ecosystem must have, at minimun…
a. producers
b. producers and decomposers
c. producers, primary consumers, and decomposers
d. producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers
e. producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, top carnivores, and decomposers

Answer 36

b. producers and decomposers

Question 37

Which of the biomes listed are the most productive and least productive aquatic biomes?
a. coral reefs and marine beds of algae (M) / open ocean (L)
b. coral reefs and marine beds of algae (M) . continental shelf (L)
c. freshwater swamps and marshes (M) / open ocean (L)
d. freshwater swamps and marshes (M) / continental shelf (L)

Answer 37

c. freshwater swamps and marshes (M) / open ocean (L)

Question 38

The coast redwood sequoia occurs naturally in a strip of habitat about 450 miles long and 5-35 miles wide, from southwest Oregon along the coast to just south of monterey, california. What aspect of the population ecology of the coast redwood does this statement describe?
a. population density
b. geographic range
c. population size
d. distribution

Answer 38

b. geographic range

Question 39

Prairie dogs are rodents that live in colonies. Black-tailed prairie dog colonies typically have around 12 adult animals per hectare. What aspect of the population ecology of the black-tailed prairie dog does this statement describe?
a. population growth
b. population size
c. population density
d. life history

Answer 39

c. population density