Unit One - Physical Development Flashcards
Define growth
Variable across different parts of the body
Measured in quantity (e.g height, weight)
Define development
Follow an orderly sequence
Increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
What are the life stage ages?
Infancy: 0-2
Early childhood: 3-8
Adolescent: 9-18
Early adulthood: 19-45
Middle adulthood: 46-65
Later adulthood: 65+
Define milestone
An ability achieved by most children by a certain age
Define development norms
A description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young childs development
What is a gross motor skill
Large movements that involve using the large muscles in the body
Fine motor skills
Smaller movements which require precise direction
Palmar grasp
Appears at birth
Fingers will close and will grasp with palm
Pincer grasp
Grasp with fingers (index and thumb)
9-12 months
Key milestones in infancy
Sitting up - (6 months)
Standing - (8-10 months)
Cruising - (8-10 months)
Walking - (12-13 months)
what skills are learnt by three years old
- use pedals to ride a tricycle
- balance on one foot for a second
- run
- turn pages of a book
What skills are learnt by four years old
- kick
- throw a large ball
- manipulate small objects with fingers
- tripod grip
- hand eye co-ordination develops
Skills learnt by 5 years old
Walk on a line
Write their own name
Hop on each foot separately
Cut out simple shapes
Skills by 6yrs
Skips
Ride a bike
Skills by 7yrs
Run forwards and backwards
What skills are learnt by the age of 8yrs
Good strength and body co-ordination
Take part in many sports
Joined up writing
Define puberty
A period of rapid growth during which a young person reaches sexual maturation and become able to reproduce
What age range is adolescence?
9-18yrs
What are hormones?
Chemical substabnces which are produced in the body and transported in the blood stream
Define primary sexual characteristics
Changes and development orf reproductive organs
e.g. penis gets larger
Define secondary sexual characteristics
Outward/external signs of development
e.g. shoulders broaden
State two primary sexual characteristics in a female
Uterus largens and vagina lengthens, ovaries begin to release eggs, menestrual cycle commences
State two primary sexual characteristics in a male
Spontaneous erections and testicles begin producing sperm
State two secondary sexual characteristics in a female
Hips widen, breasts develop, hair grows in armpits
State two secondary sexual characteristics in a male
Changes in larynx causing voice to deepen, hair grows, redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
Define maturity
Fully developed and physiocally grown (all PIES)
When does maturity occur
(Life stage where everything is at its peak)
Early adulthood
What is the specific age of when an individual is at their peak of development?
19-28
What are some physical effects of pregnancy?
Back pain, cravings, swolen feet, sickness, aching, acid reflux
What are some intellectual effects of pregnancy?
depression effects, gain more knowledge, research about pregnancy, learn about bodily changes which can occur
What are some emotional effects of pregnancy?
Anxious, sad, excited, very happy, daunting, post-natal depression
What are some social effects of pregnancy?
see friends less which can lead to feeling isolated, meet new peoiple in a similar situation
State four physical effects of perimenopause:
Hot flushes/night sweats, loss of libido, vaginal dryness
What are some intellectual effects of perimenopause?
stress, not focused, concentration decreases
What are some emotional effects of perimenopause?
anxiety, relief, depressed, embarrased, self esteem drops
state some positive changes of entering middle adulthood:
exercise more, pick up new hobbies, grandchildren, more time to socialise, relationships
What are some of the negative effects of entering middle adulthood?
menopause, frailer bones, illness, wrinkles, shrinking, less stimulated, vision issues, self image decines
What age does menopause generally occur?
between 45 and 55
State four effects of menopause:
Irregular menestrual cycle, reduction in sex hormones, loss of libido, problems associated with osteoporosis, mood changes, anxiety
What is the age range for later adulthood?
65+
What are the effects of ageing in later adulthood?
weaker immune system, thinner hair, loss of stamina, altzheimers, loss of height, loss of bladder control
