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bio 20 > unit one- matter and energy exchange > Flashcards

unit one- matter and energy exchange Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

manipulated variable

A

the variable that is being tested or changed.

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2
Q

responding variable

A

results from the variable that was tested or changed.

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3
Q

controlled variable

A

variables that stays the same

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4
Q

qualitative data

A

data that uses descriptions or words. observed with senses. e.g color, odour, state change, etc

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5
Q

quantitative data

A

data that uses measurements e.g time, length, volume, etc

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6
Q

line graph

A

graph used when the manipulated variable is time which goes on the x-axis

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7
Q

bar graph

A

graph used for comparing groups of data.

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8
Q

total magnification

A

magnification of ocular lens(10x) X magnification of objective lens(40x)

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9
Q

nucleus(both)

A

brain, contains DNA (instructions)

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10
Q

nucleolus(both)

A

makes RNA and ribosomes

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11
Q

chromosome(both)

A

in nucleus, packages DNA and controls it’s functions

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12
Q

cell membrane(both)

A

semipermeable

controls what goes in and out of the cell

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13
Q

golgi apparatus/complex(both)

A

responsible for packaging

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14
Q

lysosome(both)

A

digestion(breaks down)

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15
Q

vacuole(both)

large storage container in plant cell

A

storage of food, water and waste

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16
Q

vesicle(both)

small storage container animal cell

A

storage of food, water and waste

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17
Q

ribosome(both)

A

protein synthesis

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18
Q

endoplasmic reticulum(both)

A

transportation

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19
Q

mitochondrion(both)

A

makes ATP(energy) through cellular respiration

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20
Q

cytoplasm(both)

A

fluid in the cell

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21
Q

cell wall(plant only)

A

made of cellulose

protection and support the cell

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22
Q

chloroplast(plant only)

A

contains chlorophyll

photosynthesis occurs here

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23
Q

centriole(animal only)

A

responsible for cell division

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24
Q

impermeable

A

allows nothing through(closed door)

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25
Q

semipermeable

A

allows some substances through(screen door)

26
Q

permeable

A

allows all particles through(open door)

27
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by a concentration gradient

28
Q

simple diffusion

A

no energy required

moves small molecules with the concentration gradient

29
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

30
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

type of passive diffusion that requires a membrane protein

31
Q

exocytosis

A

transports large particles out of the cell (active transport)

32
Q

endocytosis

A

transports particles/water in the cell.
two types
- pinocytosis: cells absorb liquid like water
- phagocytosis: cells engulf(swallow) solid particles like food

33
Q

active transport

A

transports that requires the cell membrane and ATP(energy). it moves solute molecules from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient
e.g nerve cells in the body

34
Q

passive transport

A

transport that does not require ATP. it moves solute molecules from high to low concentration

35
Q

transport protein

A

moves specific molecules molecules across cell membrane against the concentration gradient

36
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between 2 areas

37
Q

factors that increase the rate of diffusion

A
  • higher temperature
  • smaller particles
  • increased concentration or pressure
38
Q

equilibrium

A

concentration of particles is the same across a membrane as the particles keep moving

39
Q

solute

A

molecules that are dissolved in a solvent like salt or sugar

40
Q

solvent

A

substance that dissolves a solute like water

41
Q

solution

A

solute + solvent

42
Q

hypertonic solution(high solute)

A

greater solute concentration outside of the cell than inside.

cell will shrink

43
Q

hypotonic solution(low solute)

A

greater solute inside the cell

cell will expand

44
Q

isotonic solution (equilibrium)

A

solution and cell have same concentrations making cell to stay the same.

equal movement of water

45
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

46
Q

autotroph

A

organism that uses sunlight to make its own food. e.g plants

47
Q

heterotroph

A

eat other plants and animals for energy e.g animals

48
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

49
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

all conversions of energy produce heat which is waste energy

50
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

- stores energy ATP= ADP + P + energy

51
Q

photo(light) synthesis (to make or build)

A

the process whereby plants get their food through sunlight

52
Q

thykaloid

A

pancake shaped structures inside a chloroplast and it is the site of light dependent reactions

53
Q

chemiosmosis

A

the process in which ATP is created when hydrogen atoms move out of the thylakoid membrane through an enzyme called ATP synthase

54
Q

stroma

A

fluid surrounding thylakoid and it is the site of the light independent reactions

55
Q

light dependent reactions(photosynthesis)

A

light+water ➡️ O2+ATP+NADPH

56
Q

light independent reactions(dark reactions)(photosynthesis)

A

known as the calvin benson cycle

ATP+NADPH+CO2 ➡️ glucose (C6 H12 O6)

57
Q

calvin benson cycle

A

energy from the light dependent reactions that is used to make glucose in the stroma

58
Q

cellular respiration

A

converts glucose into energy in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion

glucose + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide+ ATP

59
Q

aerobic respiration

A

uses oxygen and produces 36 ATP

60
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

does not use oxygen and produces only 2 ATP

61
Q

two types of anaerobic respiration

A
  • alcohol fermentation(yeast cells)

- muscle fermentation(muscle cells)

bio 20 (3 decks)

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