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bio 20 > bio 20 unit two review > Flashcards

bio 20 unit two review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

topic 1-ecology

A

study of living and non living things and their relationships

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2
Q

biotic

A

living things e.g plants and animals

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3
Q

abiotic

A

non living things e.g sunlight,rocks,water,soil,etc

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4
Q

limiting factors

A

any resource or condition that lowers the success of an organism e.g (biotic) predators,competition, food,parasites,human interference,etc
(abiotic) space,temperature,water,light,weather,shelter

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5
Q

levels of organization in biosphere

A

Orange People Can’t Ever Be Blue

organism, population,community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere

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6
Q

organism

A

a living thing

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7
Q

population

A

a group of organisms of the same species,place and time

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8
Q

community

A

2 or more populations in an area

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9
Q

ecosystem

A

the functional unit of the biosphere where interactions between biotic and abiotic things take place

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10
Q

biome

biosphere

A

large ecosystem based on climate e.g rainforest, tundra, grassland

part of earth that can sustain life

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11
Q

levels of organization in an individual organism

A

OCTOSO

organelle,cell,tissue,organ,organ system,complete organism

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12
Q

taxonomy

A

the study of the classification of all living things

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13
Q

taxon(hierarchical classification)

A 
Did King Phillip Come Over For Grape Soda 
Domain
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species
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14
Q

3 domains

A

Archaea-ancient bacteria
Eubacteria-true bacteria
Eukarya-eukaryotes

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15
Q

6 kingdoms

A 
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista 
Fungi 
Animalia
Plantae
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16
Q

species

A

a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

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17
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

each organism has a 2 part scientific name which is genus and species e.g homo(genus) sapiens(species)

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18
Q

dichotomous key

A

a device used to easily identify an unknown organism

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19
Q

topic 2-biogeochemical nomenclature

A

cycle of transferring nutrients from the environment to an organism

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20
Q

open ecosystem

A

energy and matter can flow in and out

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21
Q

processes in water cycle

A

cellular respiration- gives off water

transpiration- gives off water

photosynthesis- uses water 6CO2+ 6H2O= C6H12O6 + 6O2

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22
Q

transpiration

A

loss of water through leaves

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23
Q

precipitation

A

rain, snow, sleet or hail

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24
Q

standing water

A

holds water on land. lakes and swamps

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25
Q

ground water

A

holds water underground

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26
Q

evaporation

A

water changes from liquid to gas

27
Q

condensation

A

water changes from gas to liquid

CLOUDS

28
Q

Run-off

A

returns water to oceans, lakes, streams

29
Q

acid rain

A

precipitation with a low PH. caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) (gases)

30
Q

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

A

from industries. mixes with water in air to make sulfuric acid

31
Q

nitrous oxides (NOx)

A

from fertilizers and car exhaust. mix with water to form nitric acid

32
Q

effects of acid rain

A

kill crops, forests, fish, soil bacteria and corrodes metal

33
Q

solutions for acid rain

A

scrubbers in smoke stacks, add lime to lakes to increase PH, less car emissions, walk, ride a bike or take the bus.

34
Q

carbon in living things

A

trapped and stored by photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. released by respiration, decomposition and combustion

35
Q

carbon in non living things

A

most carbon is found in oceans and rocks, shells and corals. only 0.03% of atmosphere is CO2

36
Q

respiration

A

uses oxygen, gives off CO2

37
Q

combustion

A

uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

38
Q

decomposition

A

uses oxygen but gives off carbon dioxide

39
Q

photosynthesis

A

uses carbon dioxide but releases oxygen

40
Q

chemosynthesis

A

uses carbon dioxide to make glucose. happens near deep sea vents on bottom of ocean

41
Q

greenhouse effect

A

carbon dioxide in atmosphere traps heat in due to burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

42
Q

solutions to greenhouse effect

A

decrease burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

43
Q

ozone holes

A

ozone (O3) is broke down by CFC’s causing holes in the layer. ozone protects earth from UV radiation

44
Q

effects of ozone holes

A

skin cancer, eye problems and aging of skin

45
Q

uses of nitrogen

A

proteins (amino acid)
cells
nucleic acids- DNA & RNA

46
Q

3 parts of the nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen fixation
nitrification
denitrification

47
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen (N2) into nitrates (NO3-)

48
Q

nitrification cycle

A

plants absorbs nitrates and make proteins. animals eat plants. both plants and animals die. bacteria then breaks them down into ammonium (NH4-) then nitrites (NO2-) then nitrates (NO3-)

49
Q

denitrification

A

anaerobic bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas leaving in tightly packed soil with no oxygen

50
Q

uses of phosphorus

A

cell membranes, ATP, DNA, RNA, bones

51
Q

phosphorus cycle

A 
long term(abiotic)
rocks, erosion, ocean, rocks 
short term(biotic)
plants absorb phosphates- animals eat plants, they die and decompose
52
Q

fertilizers

A

nitrogen- green plants
phosphorus- flowers
potassium- health

53
Q

overuse of fertilizers

A

too many nitrates become nitric acid, so lower the soil PH. cause death of plants

54
Q

eutrophication

A

death of a lake. too many phosphates and nitrogen from sewage, detergents and fertilizers cause algae bloom in lakes

55
Q

topic 3- autotroph

A

self feeders or producers that require energy form the sun and they trap and store energy through a process called photosynthesis or chemosynthesis e.g algae, bacteria, green plants

56
Q

heterotroph

A

consumers that require a source of chemical energy and basic organic molecules. NO photosynthesis as they feed on plants or other heterotrophs e.g fungi, animals

57
Q

habitat

A

where an organism lives

58
Q

niche

A

a populations complete role in an ecosystem
an organisms job
includes biotic and abiotic factors needed for survival

59
Q

3 niches

A

producer- plant
consumer- animal
decomposer- bacteria

60
Q

herbivore

A

eats plants

61
Q

carnivore

A

eats animals

62
Q

omnivore

A

eats both plants and animals

63
Q

scavenger

A

eats dead animals e.g vultures, insects, possum

64
Q

detritivore

A

feeds on dead and decaying matter

bio 20 (3 decks)

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