bio 20 unit two review Flashcards
topic 1-ecology
study of living and non living things and their relationships
biotic
living things e.g plants and animals
abiotic
non living things e.g sunlight,rocks,water,soil,etc
limiting factors
any resource or condition that lowers the success of an organism e.g (biotic) predators,competition, food,parasites,human interference,etc
(abiotic) space,temperature,water,light,weather,shelter
levels of organization in biosphere
Orange People Can’t Ever Be Blue
organism, population,community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere
organism
a living thing
population
a group of organisms of the same species,place and time
community
2 or more populations in an area
ecosystem
the functional unit of the biosphere where interactions between biotic and abiotic things take place
biome
biosphere
large ecosystem based on climate e.g rainforest, tundra, grassland
part of earth that can sustain life
levels of organization in an individual organism
OCTOSO
organelle,cell,tissue,organ,organ system,complete organism
taxonomy
the study of the classification of all living things
taxon(hierarchical classification)
Did King Phillip Come Over For Grape Soda Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
3 domains
Archaea-ancient bacteria
Eubacteria-true bacteria
Eukarya-eukaryotes
6 kingdoms
Archaea Eubacteria Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae
species
a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
binomial nomenclature
each organism has a 2 part scientific name which is genus and species e.g homo(genus) sapiens(species)
dichotomous key
a device used to easily identify an unknown organism
topic 2-biogeochemical nomenclature
cycle of transferring nutrients from the environment to an organism
open ecosystem
energy and matter can flow in and out
processes in water cycle
cellular respiration- gives off water
transpiration- gives off water
photosynthesis- uses water 6CO2+ 6H2O= C6H12O6 + 6O2
transpiration
loss of water through leaves
precipitation
rain, snow, sleet or hail
standing water
holds water on land. lakes and swamps
ground water
holds water underground
evaporation
water changes from liquid to gas
condensation
water changes from gas to liquid
CLOUDS
Run-off
returns water to oceans, lakes, streams
acid rain
precipitation with a low PH. caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) (gases)
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
from industries. mixes with water in air to make sulfuric acid
nitrous oxides (NOx)
from fertilizers and car exhaust. mix with water to form nitric acid
effects of acid rain
kill crops, forests, fish, soil bacteria and corrodes metal
solutions for acid rain
scrubbers in smoke stacks, add lime to lakes to increase PH, less car emissions, walk, ride a bike or take the bus.
carbon in living things
trapped and stored by photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. released by respiration, decomposition and combustion
carbon in non living things
most carbon is found in oceans and rocks, shells and corals. only 0.03% of atmosphere is CO2
respiration
uses oxygen, gives off CO2
combustion
uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
decomposition
uses oxygen but gives off carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
uses carbon dioxide but releases oxygen
chemosynthesis
uses carbon dioxide to make glucose. happens near deep sea vents on bottom of ocean
greenhouse effect
carbon dioxide in atmosphere traps heat in due to burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
solutions to greenhouse effect
decrease burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
ozone holes
ozone (O3) is broke down by CFC’s causing holes in the layer. ozone protects earth from UV radiation
effects of ozone holes
skin cancer, eye problems and aging of skin
uses of nitrogen
proteins (amino acid)
cells
nucleic acids- DNA & RNA
3 parts of the nitrogen cycle
nitrogen fixation
nitrification
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen (N2) into nitrates (NO3-)
nitrification cycle
plants absorbs nitrates and make proteins. animals eat plants. both plants and animals die. bacteria then breaks them down into ammonium (NH4-) then nitrites (NO2-) then nitrates (NO3-)
denitrification
anaerobic bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas leaving in tightly packed soil with no oxygen
uses of phosphorus
cell membranes, ATP, DNA, RNA, bones
phosphorus cycle
long term(abiotic) rocks, erosion, ocean, rocks
short term(biotic) plants absorb phosphates- animals eat plants, they die and decompose
fertilizers
nitrogen- green plants
phosphorus- flowers
potassium- health
overuse of fertilizers
too many nitrates become nitric acid, so lower the soil PH. cause death of plants
eutrophication
death of a lake. too many phosphates and nitrogen from sewage, detergents and fertilizers cause algae bloom in lakes
topic 3- autotroph
self feeders or producers that require energy form the sun and they trap and store energy through a process called photosynthesis or chemosynthesis e.g algae, bacteria, green plants
heterotroph
consumers that require a source of chemical energy and basic organic molecules. NO photosynthesis as they feed on plants or other heterotrophs e.g fungi, animals
habitat
where an organism lives
niche
a populations complete role in an ecosystem
an organisms job
includes biotic and abiotic factors needed for survival
3 niches
producer- plant
consumer- animal
decomposer- bacteria
herbivore
eats plants
carnivore
eats animals
omnivore
eats both plants and animals
scavenger
eats dead animals e.g vultures, insects, possum
detritivore
feeds on dead and decaying matter
