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Immunobiology > Unit One Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Unit One Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

Antibodies are secreted by

A

Effector B cells or plasma cells

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2
Q

Antibodies can do what

A

Clear the blood and tissues of invading pathogens and their toxins

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3
Q

Antibodies general or specific

A

Specific

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4
Q

A B cell produces only one specificity of what throughout its life

A

Antibody

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5
Q

Antibody binding to a specific pathogen results in what

A

B cell proliferation and differentiation

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6
Q

What is antibody clonal selection

A

Large amounts of antibodies are produced specifically for a single pathogen

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7
Q

What agammaglobulinemia

A

No ability to produce antibodies

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8
Q

Where is the variable part of the antibody

A

On the ends of the Y structure

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9
Q

Differences in types of antibodies are where on the antibody

A

Constant region which shows different functions

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10
Q

Antibodies are made up of how many polypeptide chains

A

4

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11
Q

Antibody has how many heavy chains

A

2 identical

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12
Q

How smaller chains does antibody have

A

Two identical

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13
Q

The variable region on AB forms the

A

Antigen binding site

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14
Q

The constant region has no

A

Variation in amino acid sequence

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15
Q

Where is the hinge region

A

In the middle and provides flexibility

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16
Q

what is Fab in antibody

A

Fragment antigen binding region that binds to antigen

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17
Q

Fc region in antibody does what

A

Mediates the effector functions

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18
Q

Difference in Fc regions indicate difference in what

A

Isotopes

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19
Q

What are the different types of antibodies

A

IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgE

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20
Q

What are the hypervariable regions in antibodies

A

Unstructured protein regions in antigen binding site, contains different amino acid structures

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21
Q

What are the complementarity determining regions in antibody (CDR1-3)

A

Binds to the antigens complementarily

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22
Q

Aka of antigenic determinant

A

Epitope

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23
Q

What is an epitope

A

Part of antigen that binds to antibody

24
Q

What is a multivalent antigen

A

Antigen that contains more than one epitope or copy of the epitope

25
Q

What are the two types of epitope

A

Linear and discontinuous

26
Q

What are linear epitope

A

Successive amino acids

27
Q

What are discontinuous epitopes

A

Amino acids brought together because of folding

28
Q

What is hybridoma production

A

Making immortal B cells through B cells fusion with a tumor cell

29
Q

Each antibody requires what gene segments

A

VDJ genes (variable, diversity and joining)

30
Q

What is somatic recombination

A

Recombination of VDJ segments

31
Q

What is junctional diversity

A

Heptamer cleaved from D and J segment to form hairpin, Hairpin open to expose nucleotides, add nucleotides and find match, and then add more nucleotides to create more diversity

32
Q

Naive B cells express what antibodies

A

IgM and IgD

33
Q

Alternative mRNA splicing allows for

A

Expression of IgM and IgD on cell surface

34
Q

After antibodies are recombined, the bound immunoglobulin express what on their cell surface

A

IgM and IgD

35
Q

What assistant proteins are on the cell surface of bound immunoglobulins

A

Igalpha and Igbeta that help with intracellular signaling

36
Q

When a B cell recognizes its antigen the membrane bound IgM and IgD become

A

Secreted antibodies

37
Q

After B cell activation, what further increases antibody diversification

A

Somatic hypermutations

38
Q

Somatic hypermutations occur through

A

Point mutations

39
Q

Aka of somatic hypermutations

A

Affinity maturation

40
Q

What is affinity maturation

A

Mature affinity of antibody every time matches with antigen

41
Q

Somatic hypermutation/ affinity maturation changes what on antibody

A

Variable region

42
Q

What is isotype switching

A

Change in constant region causing different function of antibody

43
Q

What antibodies have subclasses

A

IgG and IgA

44
Q

Function of antibodies

A

Neutralization, opsonization, and activation of complement

45
Q

Neutralization with antibodies

A

Binding to pathogen or toxin and preventing it from interacting with human cells

46
Q

What antibodies work with neutralization

A

IgM, IgG and IgA

47
Q

Opsonization with antibodies

A

Coating the protein with opsonins to allow phagocytosis to take place more easily

48
Q

What antibodies work with opsonization

A

IgG and IgA

49
Q

Activation of compliment with antibodies

A

Antibodies bound to the surface of a bacteria can activate complement for lysis of the bacterium

50
Q

What antibodies are part of activation of complement

A

IgM, IgG and IgA

51
Q

IgM function

A

Complement activation, opsonization in blood

52
Q

Function of IgA

A

Mucosal surface, in gut and bodily fluids

53
Q

IgE function

A

Recruits mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to fight parasites, helps with allergies

54
Q

Function of IgD

A

Located in the upper respiratory tract ot interact with commensal and pathogenic respiratory bacteria

55
Q

IgG function

A

Most abundant with great flexibility. Best antibody

Immunobiology (4 decks)

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