Unit one essay two

Question 1

Antibody-Antigen Interaction:

Answer 1

Antibody-Antigen Interaction: Antibodies, produced by lymphocytes, bind to unique antigen features (epitopes), allowing detection in immunoassays.

Question 1

Monoclonal Antibodies:

Answer 1

Monoclonal Antibodies: Derived from a single B-cell clone, these antibodies target the same epitope with high specificity, critical for precise detection in immunoassays.

Question 2

ELISA:

Answer 2

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): Uses monoclonal antibodies linked to enzymes to detect antigens. A color change occurs if the antigen is present, allowing quantification.

Question 3

ELISA Steps:

Answer 3

ELISA Steps: Wells are coated with antigen/antibody, enzyme-linked antibodies are added, and after washing, a substrate induces a color change indicating antigen presence and quantity.

Question 4

Western Blotting:

Answer 4

Western Blotting: Combines SDS-PAGE protein separation with antibody detection to identify specific proteins by transferring them to a membrane for visualization.

Question 5

Fluorescent Labeling:

Answer 5

Fluorescent Labeling: Antibodies labeled with fluorescent tags enable easy protein detection. Upon exposure to specific light, the fluorescent label emits light, highlighting the target.

Question 6

Fluorescence Microscopy:

Answer 6

Fluorescence Microscopy: Uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies to visualize proteins in cells, aiding in studying protein localization and cell structures.

Question 7

Advantages of Monoclonal Antibodies:

Answer 7

Advantages of Monoclonal Antibodies: High specificity and uniformity reduce cross-reactivity and false positives, making them valuable for clinical diagnostics and research.