1.2 Amino acids

Question 1

Amino acid groupings

Answer 1

All amino acids can be grouped according to their properties which are determined by their R groups they may be Acidic, Basic, Polar and Hydrophobic.

Question 2

Acidic key

Answer 2

Acidic key components of their R group is a carboxylic acid group (COOH or COO- in a solution) they are hydrophilic and acids which a negative charge at the PH of 7.

Question 3

Basic key

Answer 3

Basic key components of their R group is an amine group, they are hydrophilic and basic with a positive charge at the PH of 7.

Question 4

Polar key

Answer 4

Polar key components of their R group are hydrophilic groups such as Carbonyl (C=O) or Hydroxyl, they are hydrophilic and are neutral or have a slightly charge at a PH of 7 and can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules such as water.

Question 5

Hydrophobic key

Answer 5

Hydrophobic key components of its R group are hydrocarbon groups they are hydrophobic and don’t easily mix with water and they are non-polar with no carried charge.

Question 6

Peptide bonds

Answer 6

A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the amino group (-NH₂) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid.

Question 7

condensation reaction

Answer 7

This bond formation occurs through a condensation reaction, where a molecule of water (H₂O) is released as the two amino acids join.

Question 8

Amino acid sequence

Answer 8

The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain determines the structure of the protein, this is known as the primary structure of a protein.

Question 9

Amino acid/Primary structure

Answer 9

The sequences of bases on a strand of DNA determines the primary structure of a protein, as it ensures that the amino acids are assembled in the correct sequence.