UNIT ONE - Cold War Foreign Policy Flashcards
NATO
1949 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
An attack against one of the member nations would be viewed as an attack against them all.
Pprotected member nations under American nuclear power; first US peacetime military alliance in history, formal end to US isolationism
Soviet rival eastern bloc military alliance, the Warsaw Pact
In 1955 - sparked the massive arms race known as the Cold War
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
Berlin Airlift
In response, the Western Allies organized the Berlin airlift to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin.[1][2] Aircrews from the United States Air Force, the British Royal Air Force, the Royal Canadian Air Force, the Royal Australian Air Force, the Royal New Zealand Air Force, and the South African Air Force[3]:338 flew over 200,000 flights in one year, providing up to 4700 tons of necessities daily, such as fuel and food, to the Berliners.[4]
Space Race
The Space Race was a 20th-century (1955–1972) competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability.
The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority.
Arms Race
A tense relationship beginning in the 1950s between the Soviet Union and the United States whereby one side’s weaponry became the other side’s goad to procure more weaponry, and so on.
Korean War
(1950-3) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.
Cuba
an international crisis in October 1962,
the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR.
When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island;
the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe after WW2 (1948-1952)
Cold War
946-1988, Churchill said it was a “iron curtain” between eastern and western Europe,
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union.
The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years, US against Communism (containment)
Truman Doctrine
1947, President Truman’s policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
National Security Act of 1947
Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after WWII. It established the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council. Enacted to back up the Truman Doctrine
Potsdam Conference
July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister (PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
Containment
American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
Warsaw Pact
RESPONSE TO NATO -
A treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain
USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
