UNIT ONE Biological Molecules - ATP, inorganic ions and Water

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

ADP

Answer 2

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 3

Describe the flow diagram from glucose to energy

Answer 3

glucose —> ATP —> energy

Question 4

What happens during respiration in terms of energy

Answer 4

The energy stored in glucose isn’t released directly , instead, the energy released is used to form ATP. When ATP is hydrolised, it releases energy for processes in the cell

Question 5

Describe ATP structure

Answer 5

It is a nucleotide derivative made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups

Question 6

How is the structure of ATP and a DNA nucleotide different

Answer 6

ATP consists of a ribose sugar, whereas DNA nucleotides have a dexoyribose sugar. ATP also has 3 phosphate groups whereas DNA nucleotides only have 1 phosphate group. Finally, ATP has an adenine base, but DNA nucleotides can have adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine bases

Question 7

Give two ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells

Answer 7

to release energy for other reactions like active transport or DNA replication

To phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive

Question 8

How is ATP broken down and reformed

Answer 8

ATP is broken down by ATP hydrolase in a hydrolysis reaction forming ADP and inorganic phosphate. The ATP hydrolyses the high energy bond between the ATP’S second and third phosphate.

ATP is reformed in a condensation reaction by ATP synthase and occurs during respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 9

Why is ATP useful in many biological processes ?

Answer 9

• energy is released in small useable amounts
• it adds phosphate to molecules to make them more reactive
• It can be reformed
• it involves a single step reaction to release energy

Question 10

Inorganic vs organic

Answer 10

inorganic = doesn't contain carbon
organic = contains carbon

Question 11

Iron ion symbol and use

Answer 11

Fe 2+

Important component of haemoglobin- binds oxygen to so that it can be carried by red blood cells to respiring cells

Question 12

sodium ion symbol and use

Answer 12

Na +

Used in the absorption of glucose and amino acids into the blood by co transport, and also, in the creation of nerve impulses

Question 13

hydrogen ion symbol and use

Answer 13

H +

Question 14

phosphate ion symbol and use

Answer 14

PO4 3-