Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 102-General Biology 2 EC > Unit One-Animal Tissues and Organ Systems > Flashcards

Unit One-Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animals must be able to:

A

-maintain homeostasis
-acquire water, nutrients, get rid of wastes
-protect against injury, bacteria, viruses
-reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells with a common structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

-Epithelial tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Connective tissue
-Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

lines body surfaces, organs, cavities, ducts, and tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the Basement Membrane?

A

-organize metabolism
-filter wastes
-new cell development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the mucous membrane?

A

-provide surface moisture/secretions
-absorb nutrients
-releases digestive enzymes
(may have cilia and/or microvilli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Tissue Layers

A

-Simple Epithelium
-Stratified Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

one single layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratified epithelium

A

two or more layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell shapes in the simple epithelium:

A

-Squamous
-Cuboidal
-Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial

A

the structure of an epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do cells communicate?

A

-tight junction
-adhering junction
-gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tight junction

A

prevent leakage from one tissue to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adhering junction

A

cement cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gap junction

A

connect cytoplasm and or channels for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Special Glandular Epithelium

A

tissue that secretes products to be used elsewhere in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Exocrine grands

A

have ducts or tubes and release their products onto the mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endocrine glands

A

ductless and release their products into “extracellular fluid”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Extra-cellular or Interstitial Fluid

A

fluid that fills spaces between cells and is responsible for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, ect. with blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Connective tissue

A

-the most abundant tissue in the body
-bind and supports the body
-fibers are scattered in a ground substance called a matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Matrix may have

A

-collagen
-elastin fibers
-reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

collagen

A

made of protein and does not tear easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

elastin fibers

A

long and rubbery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

reticular fibers

A

thin, branched fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Types of Soft Connective Tissues

A

-loose connective
-dense irregular connective
-dense regular connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Loose Connective

A

fibers and fibroblasts in a semi-ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dense Irregular Connective

A

fibroblasts and many fibers with no regular arrangement

29
Q

Dense Regular Connective

A

many rows of fibers and rows of fibroblasts

30
Q

fibroblasts

A

cells that secrete protein

31
Q

cartilage

A

solid, flexible material that resists compression and protects joints

32
Q

bone forms on ____ model

A

cartilage

33
Q

Bone

A

mineralized tissue
hydroxyapatite

34
Q

oseoblast

A

bone forming cell

35
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

36
Q

chondrocytes

A

cells that secrete cartilage

37
Q

site of blood cell production is _____

A

bone marrow

38
Q

calcium salts and collagen fibers give _____

A

strength

39
Q

Special Connective Tissue

A

-Adipose
-Blood
-Plasma

40
Q

Adipose

A

fat storage tissue; used for padding, insulation, energy storage

41
Q

blood

A

the body’s transport medium

42
Q

What does blood contain?

A

-red cells
-white cells
-platelets dispersed in plasma

43
Q

Plasma

A

contains water, salts, and proteins in a suspension

44
Q

Muscle tissue

A

cells arranged in a parallel fashion that contract when stimulated to move the body or specific body parts

45
Q

sacromere

A

functional unit of a muscle

46
Q

Types of muscle tissue:

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

47
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-bundles of cylindrical, long, striated contractile cells; many mitochondria; often reflex-activated but can be consciously controlled
-used for locomotion, posture; head, limb movements

48
Q

Where is skeletal muscle located?

A

partner of skeletal bones (exerts great force against)

49
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

-unevenly striated, fused-together cylindrical cells that contract as a unit owing to signals at gap junctions between them
-pumps blood forcefully through the circulatory system

50
Q

Where is cardiac muscle located?

A

the heart wall

51
Q

Smooth muscle

A

-contractile cells tapered at both ends, not striated
-controlled constriction; motility (as in gut); arterial blood flow

52
Q

Where is smooth muscle located?

A

wall of arteries, sphincters, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, many other soft internal organs

53
Q

Nervous tissue

A

-detects stimuli, integrates information, and relays commands for response
-consists of neurons and neuroglial cells

54
Q

neurons

A

functional unit that sends impluses

55
Q

neuroglial cells

A

-protect and support neurons, structurally and metabolically
-constitute more than half of the nervous tissues

56
Q

In vertebrate embryos, cells become arranged to form three _______ ________ giving rise to all adult tissues

A

primary tissues

57
Q

What are the three primary tissues?

A

-ectoderm
-mesoderm
-endoderm

58
Q

organs

A

group of tissues organized to perform a special task

59
Q

Heart

A

-an organ that pumps blood through the body
-consists of muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue

60
Q

The circulatory system includes:

A

-heart
-arteries
-other vessels that transport blood through the body

61
Q

11 Major Organ Systems:

A

-Integumentary
-Muscular
-Skeletal
-Nervous
-Endocrine
-Digestive
-Lymphatic
-Respiratory
-Urinary
-Circulatory
-Reproductive

62
Q

Integumentary System

A

an animal’s outer covering
(ex. chitin, vertebrate skin and its derivatives)

63
Q

chitin

A

hardened cuticle of many invertebrates

64
Q

Functions of the Human Skin

A

-protects the body from injury, dehydration, UV radiation, and some pathogens
-helps control temperature
-receives some external stimuli
-produces vitamin D (stimulated by UV)

65
Q

Sunlight ____ Skin

A

damages

66
Q

UV light stimulates ____ production in skin, in other words ___ _ ___

A

-melanin
-produces a tan

67
Q

___ is the body’s way or protecting itself against UV

A

Tan

68
Q

Prolonged sun exposure causes _____ ___ to clump, skin to age prematurely; “shoe-leather skin”

A

elastin fibers

BIO 102-General Biology 2 EC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions