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BIO 102-General Biology 2 EC > Unit One- Anatomical Terminology and Anatomical Movements > Flashcards

Unit One- Anatomical Terminology and Anatomical Movements Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anatomical position look like?

A

-body upright
-standing erect facing the observer
-head and eyes facing forward
-feet are flat on the floor and forward
-upper limbs to the side
-palms turned forward

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2
Q

Terms for a reclining body

A

-prone position
-supine position

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3
Q

Prone position

A

body is lying face down

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4
Q

supine position

A

body is lying face up

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5
Q

Directional terms

A

describe the position of one body part relative to another
(anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal, superior, inferior, proximal, distal, lateral, medial)

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6
Q

Anterior

A

toward the head

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7
Q

Posterior

A

toward the tail

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8
Q

ventral

A

toward the front
front or belly side

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9
Q

dorsal

A

toward the back
backside

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10
Q

How are directional terms grouped?

A

In pairs with opposite meanings
(anterior and posterior)
(ventral and dorsal)

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11
Q

superior

A

above

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12
Q

inferior

A

below

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13
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

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14
Q

distal

A

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

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15
Q

lateral

A

farther from the midline

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16
Q

medial

A

nearer to the midline

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17
Q

superficial (external)

A

toward the surface of the body

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18
Q

deep (internal)

A

away from the surface of the body

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19
Q

planes

A

imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body or body parts

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20
Q

sagittal plane

A

right and left sides

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21
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides body into equal right and left sides

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22
Q

parasagittal plane

A

divides body into unequal right and left sides

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23
Q

frontal

A

anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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24
Q

transverse plane or cross-sectional

A

superior (upper) and inferior (lower portions)

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25
Q

What is viscera?

A

organs of the body

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26
Q

What are the major body cavities?

A

-cranial cavity
-spinal cavity
-thoracic cavity
-abdominal cavity
-pelvic cavity

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26
Q

What are the major body cavities?

A

-cranial cavity
-spinal cavity
-thoracic cavity
-abdominal cavity
-pelvic cavity

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27
Q

cranial cavity

A

formed by cranial bones and contains brain

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28
Q

vertebral canal

A

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

29
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity (contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum)

30
Q

pleural cavity

A

each surrounds a lung; the serous membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura

31
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium

32
Q

mediastinum

A

anatomical region in the central portion of the thoracic cavity between the medial walls of pleural cavities;
extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm;
contains all the structures of the thoracic cavity other than the lungs (heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, some large blood vessels)

33
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

34
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine;
serous membrane of abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

35
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

36
Q

Within the thoracic cavity:

A

-pericardial cavity (fluid-filled space that surrounds the heart)
-pleural cavity (two fluid-filled spaces that surround each lung)

37
Q

What is the central part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs (extends from the first rib the diaphragm)?

A

mediastinum

38
Q

Diaphragm

A

-separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
-major muscle of respiration by contracting rhythmically

39
Q

Two portions of the abdominopelvic cavity:

A

-abdominal cavity (stomach spleen, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines)
-pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, internal organs of reproductive system, portions of large intestine)

40
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane of the pleural cavities

41
Q

visceral pleura

A

clings to the surface of the lungs

42
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines the chest wall

43
Q

pericardium

A

serous membrane of the pericardial cavity

44
Q

visceral pericardium

A

covers the heart

45
Q

parietal pericardium

A

lines the chest wall

46
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

47
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

covers the organs

48
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the abdominal wall

49
Q

mesentery

A

membrane that attaches organs to the body wall

50
Q

Abduction

A

lateral movement away from the mid-line of the trunk in the frontal plane
(ex. raising arms or legs to the side horizontally)

51
Q

Adduction

A

movement medially toward the mid-line of the trunk in the frontal plane
(ex. lowering arm to side or thigh back to anatomical position)

52
Q

Flexion

A

bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in the joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane
(ex. elbow joint when hand is drawn towards shoulder)

53
Q

Extension

A

straightening movement that increases the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane
(ex. elbow joint when the hand moves away from the shoulder)

54
Q

circumduction (circumflexion)

A

circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
(basically a limb moves in a circle)
(ex. shoulder joint or hip joint move in circular fashion around a fixed point clockwise or counterclockwise)

55
Q

diagonal abduction

A

movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the mid-line of the body
(ex. tennis backhand, starting down and moving up across the body)

56
Q

diagonal adduction

A

movement by a limb through the diagonal plane towards and across the mid-line of the body
(ex. throwing a ball, starting up and moving down across the body)

57
Q

External rotation (lateral rotation)

A

rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the mid-line of the body, occurs in a transverse plane of motion

58
Q

internal rotation (medial rotation)

A

rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the mid-line of the body, occurs in transverse plane

59
Q

Eversion (foot)

A

turning the sole of the foot outward in the frontal plane, abduction
(ex. weight on inner edge of foot)

60
Q

Inversion (foot)

A

turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane; abduction
(ex. weight on outer edge of the foot)

61
Q

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion) (foot)

A

flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane

62
Q

Plantar flexion (foot)

A

Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane

63
Q

Pronation (hand)

A

a position of the hand with the palm faced down

64
Q

Supination (hand)

A

a position of the hand with the palm faced up

65
Q

Elevation (Shoulder Girdle or Jaw)

A

Superior movement of the shoulder girdle or jaw in the frontal plane
(ex. shrugging shoulders or closing your mouth)

66
Q

Depression (Shoulder Girdle or Jaw)

A

Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle or jaw in the frontal plane
(ex. returning to normal position from shoulder shrug or opening your mouth)

67
Q

Horizontal Abduction (shoulder joint or hip)

A

movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the mid-line of the body

68
Q

Horizontal Adduction (shoulder joint or hip)

A

movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane towards the mid-line of the body

69
Q

Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion) (hand)

A

extension of the wrist with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand (back hand) moving toward the posterior side of the forearm

70
Q

Palmar flexion (Hand)

A

flexion of the wrist with the anterior side of the hand (palm) moving toward the anterior side of the forearm

BIO 102-General Biology 2 EC (4 decks)

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