Unit One: An Introduction to Sport Psychology and Research Perspectives

Question 1

Sport and exercise psychology is defined as

a) An interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces psychological knowledge

b) An interdisciplinary applied field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge

c) An interdisciplinary scientific field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge

d) An interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge

Answer 1

d) An interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge

Question 2

In Canada, the term psychologist is regulated by

a) Federal laws

b) Independent associations

c) No one; it is not regulated

d) Provincial and territorial laws

Answer 2

d) Provincial and territorial laws

Question 3

What kind of intervention approach(es) does positive psychology in sport and exercise psychology utilize?

a) Emotional

b) Behavioural

c) Cognitive

d) All of the above

Answer 3

d) All of the above

Question 4

Ethics is concerned with

a) Moral responsibility as it related to human behaviour

b) Right and wrong actions

c) Matters of right and wrong as they relate to human behaviour

d) Moral decisions

Answer 4

c) Matters of right and wrong as they relate to human behaviour

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the four ethical principles?

a) Respect for dignity of the person

b) Confidentiality

c) Responsible caring

d) Integrity in relationships

Answer 5

b) Confidentiality

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the codes of ethics particularly relevant to sport and exercise psychologists?

a) CSPA Code of Ethics

b) APA Code of Ethics

c) CPA Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists

d) AASP Ethical Principles and Standards

Answer 6

b) APA Code of Ethics

Question 7

Who is recognized as the modern founder of sport and exercise psychology in Canada?

a) Dr. Larry Brawley

b) Dr. Albert Carron

c) Dr. Neil Widmeyer

d) All of the above

Answer 7

b) Dr. Albert Carron

Question 8

In the late 1970s and the 1980s, which discipline did sport psychology separate from?

a) Physiology

b) Counselling

c) Motor learning

d) Sociology

Answer 8

c) Motor learning

Question 9

Where was the first sport psychology program in the world established?

a) United Kingdom

b) United States of America

c) Soviet Union

d) Australia

Answer 9

c) Soviet Union

Question 10

An independent variable is the _____, and the dependent variable is the _____.

a) Cause; outcome

b) Outcome; cause

c) Effect; cause

d) Outcome; effect

Answer 10

a) Cause; outcome

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the three factors required to determine causation?

a) Other plausible and reasonable explanations must be ruled out

b) A clear temporal order between the IV and DV

c) The relationship must be replicated in another study

d) A systematic statistical relationship between the IV and DV

Answer 11

c) The relationship must be replicated in another study

Question 12

An approach to collect quantitative research is _____ and qualitative research is _____.

a) Visual data; questionnaires

b) Surveys; visual data

c) Interviews; focus groups

d) Questionnaires; surveys

Answer 12

b) Surveys; visual data

Question 13

A variable is defined as

a) A scientific construct that is static

b) A scientific construct that can measure multiple behaviours and thoughts

c) A scientific construct that can be assigned a specific value to be counted

d) A scientific construct that can measure multiple behaviours

Answer 13

c) A scientific construct that can be assigned a specific value to be counted

Question 14

Positive psychology is defined as

a) An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding anxiety and well-being

b) An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding mental illness and thriving

c) An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding mental illness and repair

d) An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding the processes that enable people and groups to thrive

Answer 14

d) An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding the processes that enable people and groups to thrive

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the major areas of research in sport and exercise psychology?

a) Social and physical well-being

b) Enhancing performance

c) Positive emotion

d) Team environments

Answer 15

d) Team environments

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the main career options in sport and exercise psychology?

a) Consulting

b) Coaching

c) Teaching

d) Research

Answer 16

b) Coaching

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the best ways to determine the best evidence-based practice?

a) Test out the practice

b) Conduct peer-reviewed research studies

c) Consider ethical guidelines

d) Consider practitioner level of competence

Answer 17

a) Test out the practice

Question 18

Who do sport and exercise psychologists work with?

a) Athletes and teams

b) Athletes, teams, and coaches

c) Coaches

d) Athletes

Answer 18

b) Athletes, teams, and coaches

Question 19

Which of the following is the best description of a theory?

a) Specifies relationships across a number of scientific constructs and attempts to explain phenomena across a number of different times, contexts, and people

b) Specifies relationships across a number of variables and attempts to explain phenomena across a number of different times, contexts, and people

c) Specifies relationships across a number of variables and attempts to explain phenomena in one specific context

d) Specifies relationships across a number of scientific constructs and attempts to explain phenomena in one specific context

Answer 19

a) Specifies relationships across a number of scientific constructs and attempts to explain phenomena across a number of different times, contexts, and people

Question 20

Research hypotheses are defined as

a) Directional educated guesses about the nature of the relationship among scientific constructs given specific conditions

b) Non-directional educated guesses about the nature of the relationship among scientific constructs given specific conditions

c) The results of a study

d) Educated guesses about the nature of the relationship among scientific constructs given specific conditions

Answer 20

d) Educated guesses about the nature of the relationship among scientific constructs given specific conditions

Question 21

What was a key event for sport and exercise psychology that happened in 1986?

a) The formation of the Associated for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP)

b) The formation of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (CPA)

c) The formation of the Canadian Sport Psychology Association (CSPA)

d) The formation of the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology (SCAPPS)

Answer 21

a) The formation of the Associated for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP)

Question 22

Differences between an independent variable (IV) and a dependent variable (DV) are mostly used to examine

a) Positive relationships

b) Causal relationships

c) Casual relationships

d) Negative relationships

Answer 22

b) Causal relationships