Unit One: Advanced Democracies Flashcards
What is modernism?
A set of values that comes along with industrialization
What is social capital?
Reciprocity and trust that exists among citizens, and between citizens and the state
What are values of modernism?
- secularism (an emphasis on non-religious aspects of life)
- rationalism (reasoning)
- materialism (valuing concrete objects and possessions)
- technology
- bureaucracy
- an emphasis on freedom rather than collective equality
What are some examples of post-modern values?
- preservation of the environment
- promotion of health care and education
What industries are included in the service sector?
- technology
- health care
- business and legal services
- finance
- education
Who does the industrial sector employ?
People to create tangible goods such as cars, clothing, or machinery
What countries does NAFTA bind?
United States, Canada, and Mexico
What is a rational-legal authority?
A system of well-established laws and procedures
What does the Magna Carta form?
The basis of limited government that placed restrictions on the power of monarchs
What is common law?
Legal system based on local customs and precedent rather than formal legal codes
What is insularity?
The feeling of separation
What is noblesse oblige?
The duty of the upper classes to take responsibility for the welfare of the lower classes
What are England’s geographic features?
- it’s an island
- it has a small size (limits resources)
- it has a short supply of fertile soil and a short growing season (limits Britain’s ability to feed its population)
- it has a temperate climate, but is cold, chilly, and rainy
- it has no major geographical barriers
What happened with the Great Reform Act of 1832?
About 300,000 more men gained the right to vote, and the House of Commons gained more power in relation to the House of Lords
What happened with the Reform Act of 1867?
The electorate reached 3,000,000 as many working class people were given the right to vote
What happened with the Representation of the People Act of 1884?
The electorate was further expanded so that the majority of the voters were working class
What did the Representation Act of 1918 do?
Enfranchise all males and women over that age of 30 who already had the right to vote in local elections
By 1911, what was the only significant power that the House of Lords had left?
To delay legislation
When and why was the Labour Party created?
Created in 1906 to represent the rights of the newly enfranchised working man
What is the trade union council?
A coalition of trade unions
World War 2 marks?
The collapse of the old imperialist order and the beginning of the global hegemony of the United States and the Soviet Union
Who did Britain join during World War 2?
The allied forces
What party was Winston Churchill the leader of?
The Conservative party
What did the Beveridge Report provide for?
Social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pensions, and other benefits
When was the National Health Service created?
1948, under leadership of the Labour Party
Britain’s economic problems in the 1970s included?
Declining industrial production and international influence, which were exaggerated by the loss of colonies and the shrinking of the old empire
What were Margaret Thatcher’s policies influenced by?
A distinct turn toward leftist politics by the Labour Party that have a great deal of power to labor unions
What did Margaret Thatcher do?
She privatized business and industry, cut back on social welfare programs, strengthened national defense, got tough with labor unions, and returned to market force controls on the economy
What are the major social cleavages of Britain?
Multi-national identities, social class distinctions, and the Protestant/Catholic split in Northern Ireland
What four nations did the United Kingdom evolve from?
England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
What is the most important social class distinction in Britain?
Between working and middle class people
What were public schools originally intended for in Great Britain?
To train boys for “public life” in the military, civil service, or politics
What is the leaving age for compulsory education?
18
What is the most important portal to the elite classes?
Oxford and Cambridge Universities
What percent of the British population is of non-European origins?
7.1%
What is the civic culture in Britain characterized by?
Trust, deference to authority and competence, pragmatism, and harmony
What are the politics of protest?
The tendency to disagree openly and sometimes violently with the government
What happened after unions staged crippling strikes during the 1970s?
Public opinion turned against them, as people began to view unions as “bullies” to both the government and the general population
What did Thatcherism foster?
Entrepreneurial values of individualism and competition over the solidarity of social classes and the tradition of noblesse oblige
What are the linkage institutions in Britain?
Political parties, interest groups, and print and electronic media