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AP Government > The Presidency and the Bureaucracy > Flashcards

The Presidency and the Bureaucracy Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the most common demographic of the president?

A
  • white

- land owning males

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1
Q

What are the qualifications to become president?

A
  • the president must be a natural born citizen
  • the president must have lived in the US for at least 14 years
  • the president must be at least 35 years old
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2
Q

What is the most common occupation of the president?

A

Lawyer

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3
Q

How is the president elected?

A

Minor and major political parties nominate candidates for President and Vice President at national conventions every 4 years. The nations voters cast ballots for presidential electors, who then vote for President and Vice President in the electoral college.

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4
Q

Describe the electoral college.

A
  • based on representation in congress
    • House seats + Senate seats
  • all or nothing
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5
Q

How does the Constitution deal with ties in the Electoral College?

A
  • the election is thrown into the House of Representatives

- the president is chosen among the three candidates having the most electoral votes

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6
Q

What does the 12th amendment provide for?

A

Required that the President and Vice President be chosen separately

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7
Q

Why was the 12th amendment necessary?

A

The constitution hadn’t been explicit in indicating which electoral votes were for the president and vice president

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8
Q

What is the War Powers Resolution of 1973?

A

A law passed in 1973 spelling out conditions under which the president can commit troops without congressional approval

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9
Q

What does the War Powers Resolution say?

A
  • Once American forces are sent into action, the president must report to Congress within 48 hours.
  • unless Congress approves the use of troops within 60 days or extends the 60 day time limit, the forces must be withdrawn
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10
Q

When was the last time Congress officially declares war?

A

WW2

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11
Q

List the 5 roles of the president

A
  • head of state
  • chief executive
  • commander in chief of the armed forces
  • chief diplomat
  • chief legislator
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12
Q

What are some things the president would do as head of state?

A
  • decorating war heroes
  • throwing the first pitch to open the baseball season
  • dedicating parks and post offices
  • receiving visiting heads of state at the White House
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13
Q

What does the president do as chief executive?

A
  • has powers of appointment and removal

- has power to grant reprieves and pardons

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14
Q

What does the president do as commander in chief?

A

Civilian commander of the armed forces

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15
Q

What does the president do as chief diplomat?

A
  • recognizes fording governments
  • makes treaties
  • executive agreements
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16
Q

What does the president do as chief legislator?

A
  • state of the union address
  • getting legislation passed
  • vetoing legislation
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17
Q

What is the civil service?

A
  • A collective term for the body of employees working for the government.
  • applies to all those who gain government employment through a merit system
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18
Q

Which bureaucratic positions are usually appointed by the president?

A

Cabinet and subcabinet jobs, federal judgeships, agency heads, and several thousand lesser jobs
(About 8000 positions in total)

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19
Q

Can the president fire cabinet officials?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What are pardons?

A

A release from the punishment for, or legal consequences of, a crime; a pardon can be granted by the president before or after a conviction

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21
Q

What is a reprieve?

A

A formal postponement of the execution of a sentence imposed by a court of law

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22
Q

What is the difference between a treaty and executive agreement?

A
  • A treaty must be approved by congress, an executive agreement does not.
  • a treaty holds true from the time it is made, an executive agreement is no longer in effect when the president leaves office
23
Q

What is the purpose of the state of the Union address?

A

President proposes a legislative program, tells population what is going on

24
Q

What is a veto?

A

The president denying passage of a bill

25
Q

What is a pocket veto?

A

If the president refuses to sign the bill and congress adjourns within 10 working days after the bill has been submitted to the president, the bill is killed for that session of Congress.

26
Q

What is a line item veto?

A

Would allow the president to veto specific provisions of legislation that was passed by Congress.

27
Q

What is the history of the use of the line item veto?

A
  • Reagan, and Clinton used the line item veto.

- In 1988, the Supreme Court overturned the act that allowed for the line item veto

28
Q

What is statutory power?

A

A power created for the president through laws enacted by Congress

29
Q

What is emergency power? Is it expressed or inherent?

A
  • Powers invoked by the president during times of war.

- they are inherent powers

30
Q

Define the term “advice and consent”

A

Terms in the Constitution describing the US Senates pier to review and approve treaties and presidential appointments

31
Q

What is appointment power?

A

The authority vested in the president to fill a government office or position

32
Q

What are constitutional powers?

A

Powers vested in the president by Article 2 of the Constitution

33
Q

Are constitutional powers expressed powers?

A

Yes

34
Q

Which president attempted to nationalize American steel mills? What was the result?

A
  • Truman

- Supreme Court ruled that he didn’t have the power to

35
Q

Which president famously suspended civil liberties and called militias into national service?

A

Abraham Lincoln with Habeas Corpus

36
Q

What is an executive order?

A

A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law

37
Q

What is an executive privilege?

A

Right of the president to keep private communications between himself and his principal advisers

38
Q

Explain the Supreme Court’s ruling in United States v. Nixon

A

The Court held that there is no “absolute unqualified presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances.”

39
Q

Describe the impeachment process

A
  • the House impeaches (accuses) the federal officer involved.
  • if the House votes to impeach the officer, it draws up articles of impeachment and submits them to the Senate, which conducts the actual trial
40
Q

Which presidents have been impeached?

A

Johnson and Clinton

41
Q

We’re any of the impeached presidents convicted?

A

No

42
Q

What is the “kitchen cabinet”?

A

The informal advisors to the president

43
Q

What is the Cabinet?

A

An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions.

44
Q

What does the OMB do?

A

The director of the OMB makes up the annual federal budget that the president presents to Congress each January for approval

45
Q

What is the main purpose of the National Security Council (NSC)?

A

To advise the president on national security

46
Q

What were the goals (regarding the chief executive) of the framers of the Constitution?

A

To allow the president enough power to run the country, while limiting his power so that he doesn’t become too powerful

47
Q

Define bureaucracy

A

A large organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions

48
Q

What are some important differences between public bureaucracies and private corporations?

A
  • A private corporation has a single leader- it’s chief executive officer (CEO), a public bureaucracy does not.
  • public bureaucracies are not organized to make a profit, private corporations are
49
Q

Define line organization

A

In the federal government, an administrative unit that is directly accountable to the president

50
Q

What percent of civilian employment is accounted for by the government?

A

16%

51
Q

What are independent executive agencies?

A

A federal agency that is not part of a cabinet department but reports directly to the president

52
Q

What are some examples of independent regulatory agencies?

A
  • interstate commerce commission (ICC) (abolished in 1995)
  • federal communications commission
  • nuclear regulatory commission
53
Q

Define “capture.”

A

The act by which an industry being regulated by a government agency gains direct or indirect control over agency personnel and decision makers

54
Q

What was the spoils system?

A

The awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends

55
Q

What is the merit system?

A

The selection, retention, and promotion of government employees on the basis of competitive examinations

56
Q

What is an iron triangle?

A

A three-way alliance among legislators in Congress, bureaucrats, and interest groups to make or preserve policies that benefit their respective interests

AP Government (11 decks)

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