Unit One Flashcards
What is the nervous system made up of?
Neurons and Glial Cells
function of neurons
cells that receive and transmit chemical and electrical signals
-like electric wires
function of glia
cells that provides support functions for neurons by processing information
-like electrical workers
Axon
A tube-like structure that propagates signals to the axon terminal
Dendrite
Tree-like structures that extend away from the cell body in order to receive signals from other cells at the synapses
Myelin sheath
Insulation on the axon that minimizes dissipation of the electrical signal and therefore allows it to travel faster down the axon
Soma
The cell body that contains all of the usual organelles
Golgi staining
Golgi used silver nitrate and potassium dichromate to fill up the entire cell, clearly displaying the shape of the neuron
Golgi staining
Golgi used silver nitrate and potassium dichromate to fill up the entire cell, clearly displaying the shape of the neuron
Nissl staining
Used alcohol to fill the soma of the neurons, which showed the density, separation, and number of neurons in the brain tissue
Multipolar neurons
One axon with multiple dendrite branches
-most common kind of neuron
Bipolar neurons
One axon and dendrite extending from the soma which is splitting the middle
Bipolar neurons
One axon and dendrite extending from the soma which is splitting the middle
Unipolar
Only one structure extending from the soma
Neuron doctrine was created by
Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
Neuron doctrine #1
Neurons mean a soma with dendrites and an axon
Neuron doctrine #2
Neurons are discrete, non continuous cells
Neuron doctrine #3
Information in a neuron flows one way
Neuron doctrine #4
Neurons are the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system
Which parts of the neuron doctrine would I rewrite and why?
3. Information can back flow during an antidromic response
#4. Glial cells are also very important
Glial cells: Astrocytes
Regulates blood flow in order to supply the neuron with necessary nutrients
Glial cells: Microglia
Cleans up dead cells and maintains synapses
Glial cells: Olidendrocytes
Produces myelin in the Central Nervous System
Glial cells: Schwann Cells
Produces myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System
