Unit One

Question 1

What is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 1

Neurons and Glial Cells

Question 2

function of neurons

Answer 2

cells that receive and transmit chemical and electrical signals
-like electric wires

Question 3

function of glia

Answer 3

cells that provides support functions for neurons by processing information
-like electrical workers

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

A tube-like structure that propagates signals to the axon terminal

Question 5

Dendrite

Answer 5

Tree-like structures that extend away from the cell body in order to receive signals from other cells at the synapses

Question 6

Myelin sheath

Answer 6

Insulation on the axon that minimizes dissipation of the electrical signal and therefore allows it to travel faster down the axon

Question 7

Soma

Answer 7

The cell body that contains all of the usual organelles

Question 8

Golgi staining

Answer 8

Golgi used silver nitrate and potassium dichromate to fill up the entire cell, clearly displaying the shape of the neuron

Question 9

Golgi staining

Answer 9

Golgi used silver nitrate and potassium dichromate to fill up the entire cell, clearly displaying the shape of the neuron

Question 10

Nissl staining

Answer 10

Used alcohol to fill the soma of the neurons, which showed the density, separation, and number of neurons in the brain tissue

Question 11

Multipolar neurons

Answer 11

One axon with multiple dendrite branches
-most common kind of neuron

Question 12

Bipolar neurons

Answer 12

One axon and dendrite extending from the soma which is splitting the middle

Question 13

Bipolar neurons

Answer 13

One axon and dendrite extending from the soma which is splitting the middle

Question 14

Unipolar

Answer 14

Only one structure extending from the soma

Question 15

Neuron doctrine was created by

Answer 15

Santiago Ramon Y Cajal

Question 16

Neuron doctrine #1

Answer 16

Neurons mean a soma with dendrites and an axon

Question 17

Neuron doctrine #2

Answer 17

Neurons are discrete, non continuous cells

Question 18

Neuron doctrine #3

Answer 18

Information in a neuron flows one way

Question 19

Neuron doctrine #4

Answer 19

Neurons are the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Question 20

Which parts of the neuron doctrine would I rewrite and why?

Answer 20

3. Information can back flow during an antidromic response

#4. Glial cells are also very important

Question 21

Glial cells: Astrocytes

Answer 21

Regulates blood flow in order to supply the neuron with necessary nutrients

Question 22

Glial cells: Microglia

Answer 22

Cleans up dead cells and maintains synapses

Question 23

Glial cells: Olidendrocytes

Answer 23

Produces myelin in the Central Nervous System

Question 24

Glial cells: Schwann Cells

Answer 24

Produces myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System

Question 25

Antidromic stimulation

Answer 25

Deep brain stimulation

Question 26

Who invented the galvanometer?

Answer 26

Richard Caton

Question 27

Contributions of the galvanometer

Question 28

Who invented the electroencephalogram (eeg)

Answer 28

Hans Berger

Question 29

Who invented the electroencephalogram (eeg)

Answer 29

Hans Berger

Question 30

Contributions of the EEG

Question 31

How are EEGs useful today

Answer 31

Diagnosing, understanding individuals brainwaves, and gaining neurofeedback

Question 32

What is the resting membrane potential

Answer 32

A careful balance of charged ions in and outside the neuron when it is at rest, giving it potential to act when a signal is present

Question 33

Concentration gradient

Answer 33

Closely packed ions will move to an area with more space to spread out
-high to low concentration

Question 34

Electrical gradient

Answer 34

Charged ions will move towards areas with the opposite charge
-positive ions will move to negative charges
-negative ions will move to positive charges

Question 35

Gradients for sodium

Answer 35

-Concentration: moves from the outside to the inside to get more space
-Electrical: moves from the outside to the inside to get to the negative charge inside the neuron

Question 36

In what stage does the sodium flood into the neuron?

Answer 36

Depolarization
-70 charge