UNIT ONE Flashcards
arguments & b.russell reading ques.
Why can the conclusion of a inductive argument be at least probable?
because it depends on the strength of the premises and the conclusion may not always be true. (based on the theory of probability.
critically respond to Russell’s view that freeing oneself from the habit of thinking is a good thing.
It enlarges our thoughts and frees them from the tranny of customs. Though its out-dated and no-longer serving its purpose.
Describe the various types of philosophical problems.
Discipline-specific philosophies have a wide range of problems.
These include the philosophy of law, psychology, language, education, and history
What is an inductive argument?
- invalid.
- premises gives support but the conclusion does not.
Explain why the only assignment of truth-values that is impossible for a valid argument exist when premises is true and the conclusion false.
a valid argument consists of true premises and a true conclusion. This assignment of truth-values only exist when the premises is true and when the conclusion is also true.
According to Russel what are the prejudice of so-called ‘practical-men’?
Practical men are one’s who recognize material needs and must have food for the body, yet oblivious of providing food for the mind.
What is a deductive argument?
- always valid.
- the premises gives support to the conclusion.
- it is impossible for the conclusion to be false and the premises to be true.
what is meant by validity? Give four examples.
-if premises is true the conclusion must be to
- logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion
- consists of true premises and true conclusions.
- valid because its impossible to have a true premises and a false conclusion.
What are the branches of Philosophy?
- Epistemology: Theories of Knowledge
- Metaphysics: Theories of Reality
- Political Philosophy
- Aesthetics: Philosophy of Art
- Ethics: Moral Philosophy
Why does Russel believe that there is value in uncertainties of philosophy?
because it loosens the grip of uncritically held opinions and opens the mind to a new range of possibilities to explore.
What does Russel mean by ‘Knowledge is a form of union self and not self’?
*Russel means that knowledge is way beyond way we know and what we are capable of knowing.
its a set of prejudice, habits ad desires separating us from the world.
According to Russel what do philosophy and science have in common?
They both employ logic to a conclusion though science has definite answers and philosophy does not.
What conditions must be satisfied if any argument is to be a good one?
- will be logically valid
- will have a true premises (without the need of proof or explanations) and a true conclusion.
What is an argument?
a proposition of two or more sentences in which one establishes if it’s true or false by appealing to the other.
- the one appealing is the premises.
- the one establishing the appeal is the conclusion.