Unit IV review Flashcards
Blindspot
Area with no receptor cells
Cones
deal with detail and color
Rods
Deal with faint light and peripheral vision
Three color theory
Said the retinas contain three types of color receptors, each most sensitive too the primary colors of light
Three primary colors of light
Green, red and blue
Parallel Processing
The ability of your brain to simultainiously process incoming stimuli of differing qualities
Retina
A layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.
Lens
A nearly transparent biconvex structure suspended behind the iris of the eye, the sole function of which is to focus light rays onto the retina.
Retinal disparity
The slight difference in the two retinal images due to the angle from which each eye views an object.
Accommodation
Accommodation is when we restructure of modify what we already know so that new information can fit in better.
Fovea
A small depression in the retina of the eye where visual acuity is highest. The center of the field of vision is focused in this region, where retinal cones are particularly concentrated.
Optic nerve
A bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages
Opponent process theory
Proposes that one member of the color pair suppresses the other color. For example, we do see yellowish-greens and reddish-yellows, but we never see reddish-green or yellowish-blue color hues
Gestalt
A movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analyzing their constituents.
Grouping
A set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects
Binocular clue
Visual information taken in by two eyes that enable us a sense of depth perception, or stereopsis.
Monocular cue
The ways that each of your eyes takes in visual information that’s used to judge: distance. depth. three-dimensional space.
Phi Phenomena
An illusion of movement that arises when stationary objects—light bulbs, for example—are placed side by side and illuminated rapidly one after another.
Perceptual constancy
Responsible for the ability to identify objects under various conditions, For example, snow appears white in the low illumination of moonlight, as well as in sunlight 800,000 times as bright.
Color constancy
Our ability to perceive colors as relatively constant over varying illuminations (i.e. light sources). For example, a red apple will still look red on a sunny day or cloudy day – or in a grocery store or a home.
Perceptual adaptation
This refers to the ability of the body to adapt to an environment by filtering out distractions. For example, someone who lives near a train can perceptually adapt such that they can ignore the train whistle in order to sleep at night.
Audition
hearing
Cochlea
The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
Inner Ear
The inner ear has two main parts. The cochlea , which is the hearing portion, and the semicircular canals is the balance portion
Sensorineural hearing loss
Permanent hearing loss due to damage of the inner ear or the nerve from the ear to the brain
Conduction hearing loss
Happens when sounds cannot get through the outer and middle ear. It may be hard to hear soft sounds. Louder sounds may be muffled.
Place theory
A theory of hearing that states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane.
Frequency theory
explains that a sound heard is replicated and matched by the same amount of nerve impulses that are then transmitted to the brain
Gate control theory
A mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.
Kinesthesia
Awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs (proprioceptors) in the muscles and joints.
Vestibular sense
Also known as the movement, gravity and/or balance sense, allows us to move smoothly
Sensory interaction
The integration of sensory processes when performing a task, as in maintaining balance using sensory input from both vision and proprioception.
Embodied cognition
Embodied cognition is the theory that many features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are shaped by aspects of an organism’s entire body
