Unit IV review

Question 1

Blindspot

Answer 1

Area with no receptor cells

Question 2

Cones

Answer 2

deal with detail and color

Question 3

Rods

Answer 3

Deal with faint light and peripheral vision

Question 4

Three color theory

Answer 4

Said the retinas contain three types of color receptors, each most sensitive too the primary colors of light

Question 5

Three primary colors of light

Answer 5

Green, red and blue

Question 6

Parallel Processing

Answer 6

The ability of your brain to simultainiously process incoming stimuli of differing qualities

Question 7

Retina

Answer 7

A layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

Question 8

Lens

Answer 8

A nearly transparent biconvex structure suspended behind the iris of the eye, the sole function of which is to focus light rays onto the retina.

Question 9

Retinal disparity

Answer 9

The slight difference in the two retinal images due to the angle from which each eye views an object.

Question 10

Accommodation

Answer 10

Accommodation is when we restructure of modify what we already know so that new information can fit in better.

Question 11

Fovea

Answer 11

A small depression in the retina of the eye where visual acuity is highest. The center of the field of vision is focused in this region, where retinal cones are particularly concentrated.

Question 12

Optic nerve

Answer 12

A bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages

Question 13

Opponent process theory

Answer 13

Proposes that one member of the color pair suppresses the other color. For example, we do see yellowish-greens and reddish-yellows, but we never see reddish-green or yellowish-blue color hues

Question 14

Gestalt

Answer 14

A movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analyzing their constituents.

Question 15

Grouping

Answer 15

A set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects

Question 16

Binocular clue

Answer 16

Visual information taken in by two eyes that enable us a sense of depth perception, or stereopsis.

Question 17

Monocular cue

Answer 17

The ways that each of your eyes takes in visual information that’s used to judge: distance. depth. three-dimensional space.

Question 18

Phi Phenomena

Answer 18

An illusion of movement that arises when stationary objects—light bulbs, for example—are placed side by side and illuminated rapidly one after another.

Question 19

Perceptual constancy

Answer 19

Responsible for the ability to identify objects under various conditions, For example, snow appears white in the low illumination of moonlight, as well as in sunlight 800,000 times as bright.

Question 20

Color constancy

Answer 20

Our ability to perceive colors as relatively constant over varying illuminations (i.e. light sources). For example, a red apple will still look red on a sunny day or cloudy day – or in a grocery store or a home.

Question 21

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 21

This refers to the ability of the body to adapt to an environment by filtering out distractions. For example, someone who lives near a train can perceptually adapt such that they can ignore the train whistle in order to sleep at night.

Question 22

Audition

Answer 22

hearing

Question 23

Cochlea

Answer 23

The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.

Question 24

Inner Ear

Answer 24

The inner ear has two main parts. The cochlea , which is the hearing portion, and the semicircular canals is the balance portion

Question 25

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 25

Permanent hearing loss due to damage of the inner ear or the nerve from the ear to the brain

Question 26

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 26

Happens when sounds cannot get through the outer and middle ear. It may be hard to hear soft sounds. Louder sounds may be muffled.

Question 27

Place theory

Answer 27

A theory of hearing that states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane.

Question 28

Frequency theory

Answer 28

explains that a sound heard is replicated and matched by the same amount of nerve impulses that are then transmitted to the brain

Question 29

Gate control theory

Answer 29

A mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.

Question 30

Kinesthesia

Answer 30

Awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs (proprioceptors) in the muscles and joints.

Question 31

Vestibular sense

Answer 31

Also known as the movement, gravity and/or balance sense, allows us to move smoothly

Question 32

Sensory interaction

Answer 32

The integration of sensory processes when performing a task, as in maintaining balance using sensory input from both vision and proprioception.

Question 33

Embodied cognition

Answer 33

Embodied cognition is the theory that many features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are shaped by aspects of an organism’s entire body