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PNS > Unit IV Eyes > Flashcards

Unit IV Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

The range of the visible wavelength are _______.

A

400-700 nm

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2
Q

The eye can responds to: (4)

A

varying luminance,
sensitivity of form,
movement,
distance

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3
Q

The functions or modalities of an eye include: (5)

A 
sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity,
dark-adapted scotopic vision,
discrimination of form,
discrimination of movement,
color in light-adapted photopic vision
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4
Q

The paired eyes can perform: (3)

A

panoramic vision with muscles,
binocular vision,
stereoscopic vision

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5
Q

The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ____________ degree.

A

90 degrees

orbital axis is 22.5 degrees

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6
Q

Name the mucous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.

A

conjunctiva

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7
Q

Name the fibrous tissue extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents.

A

orbital septum

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8
Q

Name the bone(s), which form(s) the superior wall or roof of the orbit.

A

formed mainly by the orbital part of the Frontal bone…near apex, it is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

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9
Q

All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit, EXCEPT
A. ethmoid bone. B. lacrimal bone. C. sphenoid bone. D. palatine bone.

A

D. Palatine bone

including frontal bone

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10
Q

Name the feature, which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls.

A

Inferior Orbital fissure

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11
Q

The apex of the orbit is in the ____________ of __________ bone.

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (optic canal)

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12
Q

Name the bones, which form the base of the orbital margin.

A

Frontal, Zygomatic, and Maxillary bone

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13
Q

The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ______ and _____.

A

optic canal and superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

Name the transparent structure, which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.

A

bulbar conjunctiva

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15
Q

The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ______ and ______.

A

palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva

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16
Q

The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and _____.

A

(superficial to the) tarsi and (deep to the) skin of the eyelid

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17
Q

The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ______.

A

tarsi

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18
Q

The ciliary glands are located in the margin of the _______.

A

eyelids

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19
Q

Name the enzyme, which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid.__________

A

lysozyme

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20
Q

The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by _______.

A

the lateral expansion of the levator palpebrae superioris tendon

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21
Q

Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

A

Superior salivatory nucleus–>nervus intermedius–>Facial n–> geniculate ganglion–> Greater Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland

22
Q

Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

A

T1-T5–>Superior Cervical Ganglion–>Internal Carotid Nerve–>Internal carotid plexus–>Deep Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland

23
Q

Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.

A

nasolacrimal duct

Know sequence

24
Q

The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball is consisted of the ______ and _____.

A

sclera and cornea

25
Q

Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball.

A

cornea

26
Q

The vascular layer of the eyeball is called ________

A

Uvea

27
Q

The vascular layer of the eyeball is consists of the _____, _____ and ____.

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

28
Q

Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. True/False

A

False. Externally

29
Q

Name the innermost layer of the choroid.

A

pigmented cell layer

30
Q

The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ______ and posteriorly with ______.

A

anteriorly with iris and posteriorly with choroid

31
Q

The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the _____ anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.

A

Cornea anteriorly and iris and pupil posteriorly

32
Q

Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetical responses. True/False

A

False

Parasympathetics are faster

33
Q

Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball. _______________

A

Pigment cell layer

34
Q

Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.

A

optic disc (papilla) and macula leutea

35
Q

The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False

A

False. insensitive to light

36
Q

Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision. ____

A

fovea centralis of macula lutae

37
Q

The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the ___________.

A

ora serrata

38
Q

Name the main artery that supplies the retina. _______of ____________

A

central artery of ophthalmic artery

39
Q

Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina, in sequence.

A

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor and retina

40
Q

The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ____.

A

long ciliary nerve of the nasociliary nerve of ophthalmic nerve

41
Q

Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.

A

Vorticose of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein

Anterior ciliary veins of muscular veins of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein

42
Q

The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.

A

Zonular fibers

43
Q

Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction.

A

Short Ciliary nerve of Ciliary Ganglion

44
Q

Name two main arteries, which supply the eye.

________ of _________, ________ of ________

A

Ophthalmic artery of Internal Carotid a.

Maxillary artery of External Carotid a.

45
Q

The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or _______.

A

Cavernous sinus or Superior Ophthalmic Vein

46
Q

The aqueous humor drains directly into the:
A. Sclera venous sinus.
B. Limbal plexus.
C. Vorticose veins.
D. Anterior ciliary veins

A

A. Sclera venous sinus (via the Canal of Schlemm)

47
Q

The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.

A

neural and pigment cell layers

48
Q

The papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True/False

A

True

49
Q

Horner syndrome results from interruption of ________________.

A

cervical sympathetic trunk

50
Q 
The Honer syndrome includes all of the following, EXCEPT
A. miosis.
B. ptosis. 
C. vasodilation.
D. hydrosis.
A

D. hydrosis……Anhydrous (absence of sweating)

51
Q

The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ______.

A

ptosis (drooping of the superior eyelid)

52
Q

The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.

A

sclera venous sinus

PNS (13 decks)

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