Unit IV Eyes Flashcards
The range of the visible wavelength are _______.
400-700 nm
The eye can responds to: (4)
varying luminance,
sensitivity of form,
movement,
distance
The functions or modalities of an eye include: (5)
sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity, dark-adapted scotopic vision, discrimination of form, discrimination of movement, color in light-adapted photopic vision
The paired eyes can perform: (3)
panoramic vision with muscles,
binocular vision,
stereoscopic vision
The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ____________ degree.
90 degrees
orbital axis is 22.5 degrees
Name the mucous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.
conjunctiva
Name the fibrous tissue extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents.
orbital septum
Name the bone(s), which form(s) the superior wall or roof of the orbit.
formed mainly by the orbital part of the Frontal bone…near apex, it is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit, EXCEPT
A. ethmoid bone. B. lacrimal bone. C. sphenoid bone. D. palatine bone.
D. Palatine bone
including frontal bone
Name the feature, which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls.
Inferior Orbital fissure
The apex of the orbit is in the ____________ of __________ bone.
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (optic canal)
Name the bones, which form the base of the orbital margin.
Frontal, Zygomatic, and Maxillary bone
The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ______ and _____.
optic canal and superior orbital fissure
Name the transparent structure, which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.
bulbar conjunctiva
The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ______ and ______.
palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva
The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and _____.
(superficial to the) tarsi and (deep to the) skin of the eyelid
The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ______.
tarsi
The ciliary glands are located in the margin of the _______.
eyelids
Name the enzyme, which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid.__________
lysozyme
The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by _______.
the lateral expansion of the levator palpebrae superioris tendon
Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.
Superior salivatory nucleus–>nervus intermedius–>Facial n–> geniculate ganglion–> Greater Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland
Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland in sequence.
T1-T5–>Superior Cervical Ganglion–>Internal Carotid Nerve–>Internal carotid plexus–>Deep Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland
Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.
nasolacrimal duct
Know sequence
The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball is consisted of the ______ and _____.
sclera and cornea
Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball.
cornea
The vascular layer of the eyeball is called ________
Uvea
The vascular layer of the eyeball is consists of the _____, _____ and ____.
choroid, ciliary body, and iris
Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. True/False
False. Externally
Name the innermost layer of the choroid.
pigmented cell layer
The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ______ and posteriorly with ______.
anteriorly with iris and posteriorly with choroid
The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the _____ anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.
Cornea anteriorly and iris and pupil posteriorly
Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetical responses. True/False
False
Parasympathetics are faster
Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball. _______________
Pigment cell layer
Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.
optic disc (papilla) and macula leutea
The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False
False. insensitive to light
Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision. ____
fovea centralis of macula lutae
The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the ___________.
ora serrata
Name the main artery that supplies the retina. _______of ____________
central artery of ophthalmic artery
Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina, in sequence.
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor and retina
The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ____.
long ciliary nerve of the nasociliary nerve of ophthalmic nerve
Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.
Vorticose of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein
Anterior ciliary veins of muscular veins of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein
The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.
Zonular fibers
Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction.
Short Ciliary nerve of Ciliary Ganglion
Name two main arteries, which supply the eye.
________ of _________, ________ of ________
Ophthalmic artery of Internal Carotid a.
Maxillary artery of External Carotid a.
The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or _______.
Cavernous sinus or Superior Ophthalmic Vein
The aqueous humor drains directly into the:
A. Sclera venous sinus.
B. Limbal plexus.
C. Vorticose veins.
D. Anterior ciliary veins
A. Sclera venous sinus (via the Canal of Schlemm)
The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.
neural and pigment cell layers
The papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True/False
True
Horner syndrome results from interruption of ________________.
cervical sympathetic trunk
The Honer syndrome includes all of the following, EXCEPT A. miosis. B. ptosis. C. vasodilation. D. hydrosis.
D. hydrosis……Anhydrous (absence of sweating)
The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ______.
ptosis (drooping of the superior eyelid)
The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.
sclera venous sinus
