Unit IV

Question 1

Lysozyme targets the ____ of bacteria

Answer 1

peptidoglycan layer

Question 2

Capsule are primarily made of

Answer 2

polysaccharides

Question 3

Permeability fo cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 3

selective

impermeable to charged substances even H+

Question 4

Inoculum

Answer 4

Lag phase

Question 5

Tetanus toxin and botulinum toxins are ___ dependent endopeptidases

Answer 5

Zinc-dependents

Question 6

Why don’t gram positive bacteria grow in maconkey

Answer 6

inhibited by crystal violet and bile salts

Question 7

Bacteria that ferment in maconkey

Answer 7

e coli

klebsiella

Question 8

colonies that don’t ferment in maconkey

Answer 8

almonella
shigella
pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

Incubation of maconkey

Answer 9

NEVER in co2

Question 10

Hektoen enteric agar is used for

Answer 10

differentiation of salmonella and shigella

Question 11

Organisms that ferment sucrose, salicin, or lactose in hektoen agar turn

Answer 11

oranfe

Question 12

Salmonella and shigella appear ____ in hektoen agar

Answer 12

greenish-blue translucent

Question 13

Reduction to H2S in salmonella on hektoen agar turns the colonies

Answer 13

black

Question 14

Colony count of ___ is usually acceped criteria for urinary tract infection

Answer 14

100,000 colonies/ml

Question 15

Organisms containing narrow spectrum beta lactamases

Answer 15

many different

Question 16

organisms with ESBLs

Answer 16

gram negatives

Question 17

organisms with ampc beta lactamases

Answer 17

enterobacter/pseudomonas

Question 18

organisms with carbapenemases

Answer 18

gram-neg

Question 19

organisms with altered penicillin binding proteins

Answer 19

staph

strep pneumonia/ Neisseria gon

Question 20

organisms with VanA/B

Answer 20

enterococi

Question 21

Organisms with macrolide resistance

Answer 21

staph/strep

Question 22

organisms with fluoroquinilone resistance

Answer 22

gram pos and neg

Question 23

organisms with aminoglycoside resistance

Answer 23

gram pos and neg

Question 24

3 narrow spectrum beta lactamases

Answer 24

bla- staph (plasmid)
TEM-1- E. coli, h flu (plasmid)
SHV-1- k. pneumonia (chromosome)

Question 25

Difference between extended spectrum beta lactamases and narrow

Answer 25

ESBLs attack cephaloporins (instead of just penicillins)

Question 26

ESBLs are found on

Answer 26

Plasmids

Question 27

ampC is found on

Answer 27

chromosomes

Question 28

ampC is capable of hydrolyzing

Answer 28

penicillins, and all 1,2,3 cephs

Question 29

ampC is induced by

Answer 29

Some but not all beta lactams (ampicillin, cefazolin)

Question 30

2 carbapenemases

Answer 30

- KPC | - NDM-1

Question 31

Pseudomonas that is carbapenem resistant... due to carbapenemases?

Answer 31

NOOOOOOO | - other mechanisms can cause resistance

Question 32

Altered PBPs in strep pneumo and n gonorrhea

Answer 32

Mosaic PBPs

Question 33

vanA and vanB are carried on

Answer 33

plasmids

Question 34

Staph aureus reduced susceptibility to vanco

Answer 34

VISA

Question 35

vancomycin intermediate susceptibility s aureus (VISA)

Answer 35

- markedly thickened peptidoglycan | - less cross linking of peptides

Question 36

Quinolone resistance occurs due to mutations in ___ of DNA gyrase or ___ of topo IV

Answer 36

GyrA | ParC

Question 37

erm is induced by

Answer 37

macrolides only, not clindamycin

Question 38

Cefazolin (1st generation cephalosporin) generally has activity against all of the following organisms EXCEPT A. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep) B. Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) D. Viridans streptococci E. Enterococcus spp

Answer 38

E | enterococcus are resistant to all cephs

Question 39

``` . Which of the following drugs would be expected to have activity against an E. coli organism containing a narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase (penicillinase) A. Ampicillin B. Oxacillin C. Amoxicillin-clavulanate D. Vancomycin ```

Answer 39

C | Not B cause not effective for gram negs