D and D labs Flashcards
1
Q
Pathogenesis of appendicitis (4)
A
- Obstruction by fecalith (common) -
- Continued secretion of mucus with increased intraluminal pressure -
- Bacterial proliferation -
- Ischemic injury due to distention and increased intraluminal pressure which compromises blood flow
2
Q
Choleliths
A
large gall stones
3
Q
Pathophysiology of cholecystitis
A
- outlet obstruction by stone
- mucosal epithelium damaged
- distension compromises blood flow - smooth muscle hypertrophy
4
Q
Hormone that stimulates contraction of gallbladder
A
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
5
Q
Risk factors for gall stones
A
4 Fs femal fat forty fertile
6
Q
hemoptysis
A
coughing up blood
7
Q
what leads to esophageal varices
A
portal hypertension
8
Q
ascites
A
forms due to decreased oncotic pressure in capillaries
9
Q
Yellow color of liver in liver disease
A
steatosis- fatty change
10
Q
Chronic alcohol consumption -> (2)
A
- steatosis
2. alcoholic hepatits
11
Q
Ongoing liver damage -> (2)
A
fibrosis
hepatocyte degeneration
12
Q
Cirrhosis = (3)
A
fibrosis, regenerative nodules, altered architecture/blood flow
13
Q
Foamy macrophages
A
fat-laden macrophages seen in athersclerosis
