Unit III - Hyoid bone Flashcards
What are the three parts of the hyoid bone?
body
greater cornu
lesser cornu
What muscles attach to the body of the hyoid bone (and what are their attachment sites, functions, innervation and blood supply)?
(1) geniohyoid
attachments: inferior genial tubercle –> anterior aspect of body of hyoid
functions: elevation & anterior displacement of hyoid (or depression of mandible with a fixed hyoid)
innervation: ventral ramus of C1 (via the hypoglossal n.)
blood supply: sublingual a.
(2) genioglossus
attachments: superior genial tubercle –> hyoid, middle constrictor & length of ventral aspect of tongue
functions: protrusion of tongue
innervation: hypoglossal n.
blood supply: deep lingual & sublingual a.
(3) hyoglossus
attachments: greater cornu & body of hyoid –> lateral aspect of tongue
function: depression of tongue
innervation: hypoglossal n.
blood supply: submental & sublingual a.
(4) mylohyoid
attachments: mylohyoid line –> midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of hyoid
function: elevation of floor of oral cavity
innervation: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n.
blood supply: submental branch of facial & lingual a.
(5) sternohyoid
attachments: posterior side of proximal clavicle & manubrium –> inferior border of body of hyoid
function: depresses hyoid
innervation: ansa cervicalis
blood supply: superior thyroid a.
(6) omohyoid
attachments: superior border of scapula (medial to scapular notch) –> lateral aspect of hyoid passing through intermediate tendon sling loosely associate with clavicle & 1st rib
function: depression of hyoid
innervation: ansa cervicalis
blood supply: superior thyroid & suprascapular a.
(7) thyrohyoid
attachments: thyroid lamina –> hyoid bone
function: depression of hyoid or elevation of thyroid cartilage
innervation: ventral ramus of C1 via hypoglossal n.
blood supply: superior thyroid a.
What muscles attach to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone (and what are their attachment sites, functions, innervation and blood supply)?
(1) middle constrictor
attachments: greater & lesser cornu of hyoid & stylohyoid ligament –> median pharyngeal raphe
function: general sphincteric & peristaltic action in swallowing
innervation: pharyngeal plexus (X)
blood supply: ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
(2) hyoglossus
attachments: greater cornu & body of hyoid –> lateral aspect of tongue
function: depression of tongue
innervation: hypoglossal n.
blood supply: submental & sublingual a.
(3) stylohyoid
attachments: styloid process –> greater cornu of hyoid
function: elevation & retraction of hyoid
innervation: facial n.
blood supply: occipital, posterior auricular & facial n.
(4) intermediate tendon of digastric
(a) anterior digastric
attachments: digastric fossa of mandible –> intermediate tendon
function: depression of mandible or elevation of hyoid
innervation: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n.
blood supply: submental branch of facial a.
(b) posterior digastric
attachments: temporal mastoid notch –> intermediate tendon
function: depression of mandible or elevation of hyoid
innervation: facial n.
blood supply: occipital & posterior auricular a.
What muscles attach to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone (and what are their attachment sites, functions, innervation and blood supply)?
(1) middle constrictor
attachments: greater & lesser cornu of hyoid & stylohyoid ligament –> median pharyngeal raphe
function: general sphincteric & peristaltic action in swallowing
innervation: pharyngeal plexus (X)
blood supply: ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
(2) stylohyoid ligament
attachments: apex of styloid process –> lesser cornu of hyoid
