UNIT II. THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Flashcards
- has a tremendous impact not only on the health
of its people but also on their total development, including their socioeconomic status - often involves issues of cost and challenges.
Nations go through a struggle to overcome multiple forces in efforts to advance the nation’s
health within the context of their financial and political situations
nation’s health care delivery system
emphasized the role of the following factors in
shaping 21st-century health that further influence health care delivery system
Anderson and McFarlane
following factors in
shaping 21st-century health that further influence health care delivery system
m (1) health care
“reforms”, (2) demographics, (3) globalization, (4) poverty and growing disparities, and (5)
social disintegration.
is an essential member of the health workforce in the country. For the
nurse to work efficiently within the health care delivery system, an understanding of the
dynamic relationships among its components is needed.
nurse
When diplomats formed the UN in ____ , they also discussed the creation of a global
health organization. The World Health Organization (WHO) was the outcome of these
discussions
1945
came into force on April 7, 1948.
World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
how many country offices and regional offices does WHO have?
147 country offices and 6 world regional offices for Africa, the
Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific.
Philippines is a member of the _____, which holds office in Manila (WHO
2007b).
Western Pacific Region
states that its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the
highest possible level of health (WHO, 2006)
WHO
To attain its objective, WHO carries out the
following core functions (WHO 2013b)
- Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships
where joint action is needed. - Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and
disseminating of valuable knowledge. - Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their
implementation. - Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options.
- Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable
institutional capacity
is a member of a global system of nations interacting with each other
at different levels and in different ways.
Philippines
n the past decade, WHO has worked as a partner of the Philippine DOH in the
development and provision of services for the attainment of health-related
Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs).
world leaders in the UN General Assembly participated in
the Millennium Summit
September 6 to 8,2000
The result of the Summit was a resolution entitled the
United
Nations Millennium Declaration (UN, 2013).
In this declaration, the world leaders
recognized their collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality,
and equity at the global level. To uphold these principles is their duty to all the people of the
world, especially the most vulnerable and, in particular, the children (UN General Assembly,
2000).
United
Nations Millennium Declaration (UN, 2013).
The declaration expressed the commitment of the 191 member states, including the
Philippines, to reduce extreme poverty and achieve seven other targets- now called the
_______- by the year 2015 (UN, 2013).
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The following are the eight MDGs and the targets corresponding to health-related
MDGs 4, 5, and 6 (UN, 2008):
- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Achieve universal primary education.
- Promote gender quality and empower women.
- Reduce child mortality. Target: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the
under-five mortality rate. - Improve maternal health. Targets:
a) Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio; and
b) Achieve universal access to reproductive health. - Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Targets:
a) Have halted by 2015 and began to reserve the spread of HIV/Aids;
b) Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/Aids for all those
who need it and
c) Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse and incidence of malaria and
other major diseases. - Ensure environmental sustainability.
- Develop a global partnership for development.
In September 2015, the General Assembly adopted the _________. Building on the
principle of “leaving no one behind”, the new Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to
achieving sustainable development for all.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal
The DOH vision
is to be a global
leader in attaining better health outcomes, a competitive and responsive health care system.,
and equitable health financing
The DOH mision
s to guarantee equitable, sustainable,
and quality health of the Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in
health (DOH, 2012b).
In the pursuit of its vision and execution of its mission, the DOH has the following
major roles:
- a leader in health,
- enabler and capacity builder, and
- the administrator of specific services
- Planning and formulating policies of health programs and services;
- Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of health programs, projects,
research, training, and services; - Advocating for health promotion and healthy lifestyles;
- Providing administrative and technical leadership in health care financing and
implementing the National Health Insurance Law.
leadership role of the DOH is especially elucidated in Executive Order 102
:1. Providing logistical support to LGUs, the private sector, and other agencies in
implementing health programs and services;
2. Serving as the lead agency in health and medical research; and
3. Protecting standards excellence in the training and education of healthcare providers
at all levels of the health care system.
As an enabler and capacity builder, the DOH performs the following functions ((Office
of the President, 1999)
- Serve as administrator of selected health facilities at subnational levels that act as
referral centers for local health systems, that is, tertiary and special hospitals,
reference laboratories, training centers, centers for health promotion, centers for
disease control and prevention, and regulatory offices; - Provide specific program components for conditions that affect large segments of the
population, such as tuberculosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, HIV/AIDS, and
micronutrient deficiencies; - Develop strategies for responding to emerging health needs; and
- Provide leadership in health emergency preparedness and response services,
including referral and networking systems for trauma, injuries, and catastrophic
events.
As the administrator of specific services, the DOH is tasked to (Office of the President,
1999):
The DOH core values reflect adherence to the highest standards of work, namely:
IECCPTS
- integrity,
- excellence,
- compassion,
- commitment,
- professionalism,
- teamwork, and
- stewardship of the health of the people
For over forty years after post-war independence, the Philippine health care system
was administered by a central agency based in Manila. This control agency provided the
singular sources of resources, policy direction, and technical and administrative supervision
to all health facilities nationwide.
Local Health System
Under this law, all structures, personnel, and
budgetary allocations from the provincial health level down to the barangays were devolved
to the local government units to facilitate health service delivery.
Local Government
Code also known as Republic Act 7160. Because of shift took place in 1991
made local government executives responsible to operate local health
care services. New centers of authority for local health services emerged. These consist of
provincial, city, and municipal governments, including autonomous regional governments
and a metropolitan authority
Devolution
operate the hospital system,
Provincial and District Hospitals
provincial governments
operate the Health
Centers (HC)/Rural Health Units (RHU) and Barangay Health Stations (BHS).
city/municipal governments
Objectives Local Government
Code
- Establish local health systems for effective and efficient delivery of health care
services; - Upgrade the health care management and service capabilities of local health facilities;
- Promote inter-LGU linkages and cost-sharing schemes
- Foster participation of the private sector, non-government organizations (NGOs), and
communities in local health systems development; - Ensure the quality of health service delivery at the local level.
This system is being espoused by the Department of Health to ensure the quality of
health care services at the local level. It is a system of health care similar to a district health
system in which individuals, communities, and all other health care providers in a welldefined geographical area participate together in providing quality equitable, and accessible
health care with Inter Local Government Unit (LGU) partnership as the basic framework.
Inter Local Health System
The importance of establishing Inter-local Health Systems is important because
there is a need to re-integrate hospital and public health services for a holistic delivery of
health services.
Composition of inter local health system
Composition:
1. People
2. Boundaries
3. Health Facilities
4. Health Workers
Advances in Health Sciences and services have brought about the development of
different types of health facilities. In response, the DOH issued__________) that provides for a new classification scheme of health facilities.
Administrative Order 2012-
0012 Rules and Regulations Governing the New Classification of Hospitals and other Health
Facilities in the Philippines
usually the first contact between the community
members and the other levels of a health facility. It is health care provided by center
physicians, public health nurses, and others at the barangay health stations and rural
health units
Primary Care Facility
is given by physicians with basic health training. This is usually given
in health facilities either privately owned or government-operated such as
infirmaries, municipal and district hospitals, and out-patient departments or
provincial hospitals. This serves as a referral center for primary health facilities.
-are capable of performing minor surgeries and perform some
simple laboratory examinations.
Secondary Care Facility
is rendered by specialists in health facilities including medical centers
as well as regional and provincial hospitals, and specialized hospitals such as the
Philippine Heart Center
Tertiary Care Facility
is the referral center for
secondary care facilities. Complicated cases and intensive care require tertiary care
tertiary health facility
To attain health-related sustainable development goals, the A.C.H.I.E.V.E. strategy
is followed:
A- Advance quality, health promotion, and primary care
C- Coverall Filipinos against the health-related financial risk
H- Harness the power of strategic HRH development
I- Invest in eHealth and data for decision-making
E- Enforce standards, accountability, and transparency
V- Value all clients and patients, especially the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable
E- Elicit multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder support for health
World Health Day
April 7, 1948
In this declaration, the world leaders recognized their collective responsibility to uphold
the principles of human dignity, equality, and equity at the global level.
United
Nations Millennium Declaration
Its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
World Health Organization
A national agency mandated to lead the health sector towards assuring quality health care
for all Filipinos
Department of Health
Statement A: The DOH’s mission is to be a global leader in attaining better health
outcomes, a competitive and responsive health care system., and equitable health
financing.
Statement B: The DOH vision statement is to guarantee equitable, sustainable, and quality
health of the Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health
None of the statements are correct
ut these milestones in sequential order starting from the past up to present
programs or developments. Write the numbers 1-5 on the blanks provided.
_________ Fajardo Act
_________ DOH Academy
_________ Service Delivery Networks for Kalusugan Pangkalahatan
_________ FOURmula ONE
_________ Registration of births, deaths, and marriages
_2______ Fajardo Act (1912)
_5_______ DOH Academy (2015)
_3_______ Service Delivery Networks for Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (1970)
_4_______ FOURmula ONE (2005)
__1_____ Registration of births, deaths, and marriages (1899)
