Unit I - Theorists

Question 1

Four Nursing Theorists To Know

Answer 1

1. Florence Nightingale
2. Hildegard Peplau
3. Martha Rogers
4. Jean Watson

Question 2

Florence Nightingale

Answer 2

• 1st nurse leader
• If people used proper environment, then the body (with the help of God) will heal itself
• Believed doing things in a systematic process healed patient’s - started 1st real systematic school
• Believed in fostering hope

Question 3

Hildegard Peplau

Answer 3

• Mother of Psychiatric Nursing
• Healing is an art - involves more than one individual interacting to achieve a common goal
• Believed in building trust and establishing a therapeutic relationship through
• Defined health as a - forward movement of personality

1. Orientation
2. Identification
3. Exploitation
4. Resolution

Question 4

Peplau’s 4 Phases of Interpersonal Relationship

Answer 4

• Theory explains the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations, and methods for studying nursing an as interpersonal process.
• Trust and therapeutic relationship through

1. ORIENTATION - nursing assessment
   
   • Problem defining phase when pt meets nurse. Defining problem, deciding what needs to be done.
2. IDENTIFICATION - nursing care plan
3. EXPLOITATION - implementing nursing care plan
   
   • Pt feels as integral part of helping environment. Fluctuates on independence.
4. RESOLUTION - evaluation of relationship
   
   • Termination of professioanl relationship, pt needs are met, relationship dissipates

Question 5

Peplau - Roles of Nurse

Answer 5

1. Stranger
2. Teacher
3. Resource Person
4. Counselor

Question 6

Martha Rogers

Answer 6

• Theory of Unitary Human Beings
• Energy Fields - flow between human and environmental fields (nursing is art and science)
• Openness - no boundaries or barriers that inhibit energly flow between fields

Question 7

Jean Watson

Answer 7

• Philosophy and science of caring
• Holistic approach
• She has 10 primary curative factors but I don’t feel like listing them all
• Believed in instilling faith and hope esp in death by providing comfort in dying, not going out angry
• Development of a helping-trust relationship
• Assistance with gratification of human needs