Unit I - Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards by Michelle Rainer

ADAMS UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

What type of medical drug usage where you use a radiopaque dye?

A. Prophylactic
B. Therapeutic
C. Diagnostic
D. Curative

C. Diagnostic

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ADAMS

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

The name that is assigned by the US Adopted Name Council.

A. Generic
B. Chemical
C. Brand

A. Generic

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ADAMS

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

What type of medical drug usage is given to prevent a potential problem?

A. Therapeutic
B. Prophylactic
C. Curative Usage
D. Replacement

B. Prophylactic

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Name the four main categories used to group pharmacokinetic processes. REMEMBER: ADME

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 gave the government power to do what?

A. Sell OTC products
B. Synthesize morphine
C. Control drug labeling
D. Open pharmacy companies

C. Control drug labeling

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 prevented which of the following?

A. Use of herbals products
B. Synthesis of narcotic substances
C. Distribution of dietary supplements
D. Sale of drugs that had not been thoroughly tested.

D. Sale of drugs that had not been thoroughly tested.

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

The FDA is NOT responsible for overseeing the administration of which of the following products?

A. Dietary supplements
B. Herbal products
C. OTC drugs
D. Pesticides

D. Pesticides

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Which of the following phases of drug approval produces inconclusive therapeutic results?

A. Clinical phase trials.
B. New drug application
C. Preclinical investigation
D. Postmarketing surveillance

C. Preclinical investigation

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

In the drug approval process, what is the purpose of the postmarketing surveillance stage?

A. Completion of laboratory tests on human cells
B. Small clinical trials on volunteers
C. Animal and human drug trials
D. Survey for harmful effects in a large human population

D. Survey for harmful effects in a large human population

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

What is the purpose of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act?

A. To regulate use of dietary supplements
B. To provide yearly user fees to the FDA
C. To charge a lower fee to those who are chronically ill
D. To allow elders to use drugs with greater freedom

B. To provide yearly user fees to the FDA

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Which of the following statements best describes an advantage of prescription drugs over OTC drugs?

A. OTC drugs do not require a physician’s order.

B. Prescription drugs ensure that harmful reactions, ineffective treatment, or a progressive disease state will not occur.

C. Only patients authorized to receive prescription drugs will take these medications.

D. The nurse can maximize therapy by ordering the amount and frequency to be dispensed.

A. OTC drugs do not require a physician’s order.

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

In Canada, drug testing and risk assessment fall under the:

A. Food Directorate.
B. Health Products and Food Brand (HPFB).
C. Therapeutic Products Programme (TPP).
D. Health Protection Branch (HPB).

B. Health Products and Food Brand (HPFB).

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Which of the following statements is true about the drug approval process in Canada?

A. Cosmetics do not need to be regulated.

B. Homeopathic remedies need no formal regulation.

C. Regulation is unnecessary if a drug has a special identification number.

D. The Canadian government needs to monitor natural dietary supplements and herbs.

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ADAMS WKBK

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Which of the following statements best describes the work of health Canada?

A. It is a federal department working to ensure proper management of health and safety issues.

B. It represents pharmaceutical companies to speed the drug review process.

C. It tests the potential for harmful drug effects on the general population.

D. It enforces a drug user fee on pharmaceutical companies.

A. It is a federal department working to ensure proper management of health and safety issues.

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A client tells the nurse, “I have been reading about research trials, I would like to be involved in one.” The nurse asks the client if she has any documented diseases, knowing the client might be eligible to participate in which clinical trial phase?

A. Postmarketing Surveillance
B. Preclinical investigation
C. Phase II
D. Phase I

C. Phase II

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A client who plans to purchase drugs from Canada expresses concern that the drugs will be substandard. The nurse explains:

A. “You should have reservations about obtaining drugs from Canada.”

B. “Drugs from Canada must comply with standards established by recognized formularies in the United States and are safe.”

C. “I can understand you want to save money, but it would be better to purchase your drugs in the United States.”

D. “The Canadian Food and Drug Act has much different approval process, and is not a stringent as ours in the United States.”

B. “Drugs from Canada must comply with standards established by recognized formularies in the United States and are safe.”

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A client prefers to purchase OTC medications rather than prescription medications whenever possible. The nurse informs the client that advantages to using the OTC meds include:

A. They do not interact with food and beverages.
B. Access to them is easier.
C. They are less expensive than prescription medications.
D. Fewer side effects can be expected.

B. Access to them is easier.

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

The nurse explains to a client that the phase postmarketing surveillance is best described as:

A. The longest part of the approval process.
B. Extensive laboratory research.
C. The final stage of the approval process
D. Trials and animal drug test.

C. The final stage of the approval process

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

The nurse explains to a client that during the FDA drug approval process, clinical investigators from many different medical specialties address concerns such as:

A. Whether a New Drug Application (NDA) must be filed.
B. Placing the application for review for six months.
C. Determining the marketability of the drug.
D. Whether the drug is effective.

D. Whether the drug is effective.

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A client asks the nurse, “I read the pill I am taking is a biologic. Is this some kind of special drug?” The nurse’s explanation is based on the knowledge that biologics:

A. Are agents naturally produced by animals, microorganisms, or the human body.

B. Are drugs that are similar to natural products but are artificially created in a laboratory.

C. Are strictly derived from natural plant products.

D. Include medications as well as all types of complementary alternative therapies.

A. Are agents naturally produced by animals, microorganisms, or the human body.

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A healthy, young client informs the nurse that she has enrolled in a clinical drug research study. The nurse recognizes the client is involved in which phase of trials?

A. Review of the New Drug Application (NDA)
B. Postmarketing surveillance
C. Clinical investigation
D. Preclinical investigation

C. Clinical investigation

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

A nurse is preparing to teach about drugs and FDA approval to a group of nursing students. The nurse includes the information that which of the following drug types must obtain FDA approval before being marketed? (Select all that apply.)

A. Herbal preparations
B. Dietary supplements
C. Vaccines
D. Biologics
E. Laboratory-created drugs

C. Vaccines
D. Biologics
E. Laboratory-created drugs

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

The nurse learns that an elderly client on a fixed income has stopped taking prescription medications and is using an OTC medication instead. The nurse expresses concern, and informs the client that OTC medication can have which of the following disadvantages (Select all that apply.)

A. Access to them often is restricted
B. They often are more expensive.
C. They can have serious side effects
D. Self treatment might be ineffective.

C. They can have serious side effects

D. Self treatment might be ineffective.

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY

MY NURSING KIT - CHAPTER 1

The nurse can check the U.S. Pharmacopoeia: NF to find which information about a drug that a client is receiving?

A. Common side effects
B. Reports of death attributed to the drugs’ use.
C. Exact ingredients and strength of purity
D. Off-label uses for the drug

C. Exact ingredients and strength of purity

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UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 Nurses ensure that better postmarketing surveillance of the drug approval process is achieved by: A. Participating in administering medications during Phase II and Phase III trials. B. Working at larger, urban medical centers. C. Monitoring for and reporting adverse effects. D. Participating in Phase V of the drug approval process.

C. Monitoring for and reporting adverse effects.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse has the most frequent opportunities to participate in the drug approval process during: A. Phase IV. B. Phase III. C. Phase II. D. Phase I.

A. Phase IV.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse recognizes that a client being treated with pharmacotherapy is to receive which of the following? A. Traditional prescription medication along with herbal remedies. B. A combination of medication and physical therapy. C. Alternative therapies for treatment of disease symptoms D. Medication to prevent or treat a disease.

D. Medication to prevent or treat a disease.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A student nurse prepares the ordered medications for a client. The student nurse will apply knowledge of pharmacology during which phase of the nursing process? A. Analysis, Implementation, and Evaluation B. Assessment and Implementation C. During all phases of the nursing process. D. Just while implementing and evaluating medication effects.

C. During all phases of the nursing process.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 In order for the nurse to be involved in client care and remain active in educating, managing, and monitoring the proper use of drugs, the nurse must have a strong knowledge of which of the following? A. Speech B. Anatomy and physiology C. Psychology D. Communication

B. Anatomy and physiology

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client is curious about how a drug is developed. What should the nurse explain is the purpose of the laboratory studies done in the initial phase? A. A large group of healthy volunteers are assessed for drug side effects. B. The treatment of a particular disease is studied. C.Effectiveness of different doses and adverse effects are examined. D. Cultured cells are treated with drugs to examine their effectiveness.

D. Cultured cells are treated with drugs to examine their effectiveness.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse reports the adverse effects a client is experiencing while receiving a newly released medication. What is the main purpose of the post marketing surveillance stage of drug approval? A. Clinical trials are continued to evaluate frequency of adverse reactions. B. Individual client responses are compared to the general public. C. The efficacy of the drug is determined for new drugs. D. Harmful drug effects in the larger population are monitored.

D. Harmful drug effects in the larger population are monitored.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client with an autoimmune disease expresses an interest in enrolling in a clinical research trial. Which clinical trial phase would the nurse recommend as being most appropriate for this client? a. Clinical investigation b. NDA review c. Post marketing surveillance d. Pre-clinical investigation

a. Clinical investigation

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client informs the nurse, "I will only use complementary alternative therapies to treat my migraines.” The nurse understands the client will treat a migraine by using which of the following methods? A. Using any variety of biofeedback and hypnotic therapies. B. Supplementing drugs with physical therapy such as massage or biofeedback. C. Taking herbal or dietary supplements and /or using mental and physical therapies. D. Only using herbal supplements.

C. Taking herbal or dietary supplements and /or using mental and physical therapies.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 Nurses often use the terms drug and medication interchangeably. Which information should be considered when using these terms? a. Medications are substances that only have desirable, therapeutic effects. b. Many substances called drugs are not medications. c. Drugs and medications are one in the same. d. After a drug is administered it is called a medication.

d. After a drug is administered it is called a medication.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client overhears the physician talking about biologics and asks the nurse what they are. The nurse explains: a. That they are a newer, modern drug that can treat many illnesses. b. That biologics is just another word for medications. c. They are drugs naturally produced in animals, microorganisms, or our bodies. d. That biologics are drugs that are manufactured synthetically in a laboratory.

c. They are drugs naturally produced in animals, microorganisms, or our bodies.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client is undecided about using an herbal remedy. The nurse explains that the history of herbal medicine includes which of the following? a. Plants were likely the earliest treatment for symptoms of disease. b. Plants always a played a large role in religious ceremonies. c. Plants, but not herbs, were used frequently by the Egyptians. d. Herbs had a limited use in ancient times.

a. Plants were likely the earliest treatment for symptoms of disease.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the origins of drugs. What should the nurse include when explaining the start of modern pharmacology? a. The study of modern pharmacology began with the Egyptians. b. It was not until the 20th century that pharmacology was considered modern. c. It most likely started in the Dark Ages. d. Modern pharmacology probably started in the early 1800’s.

d. Modern pharmacology probably started in the early 1800’s.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse recognizes the primary focus of pharmacology involves providing clients with which of the following? a. Improvement of the quality of life and relief of human suffering b. Creation of drug formulations that can easily be reproduced in the laboratory. c. Development of as many drugs from natural sources as possible. d. Provision of cures for disease states and chronic illness.

a. Improvement of the quality of life and relief of human suffering

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client who has a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia expresses concern about taking unsafe medications. Which statement by a nurse might reassure this client? a. “Oh, I think your paranoia is just part of your disease. You know you feel better on the medication, and you would not want to stop taking it.” b. “Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic must obtain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration before the drug can be sold.” c. “Your doctor has prescribed medications for you that have been used for over 100 years.” d. “Which medications do you fear are unsafe?”

b. “Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic must obtain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration before the drug can be sold.”

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client states her husband uses a lot of dietary supplements and expresses concerns they could be poisonous. What information pertaining to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and supplements should the nurse share with the client? a. The FDA closely regulates all dietary supplements and they are safe. b. The FDA has the power to remove supplements that pose a significant risk. c. This is a justified concern and she should discourage her husband from using supplements. d. Most supplements are not poisonous, but they can be dangerous.

b. The FDA has the power to remove supplements that pose a significant risk.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse explains to a client that during the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process, clinical investigators from many different medical specialties address concerns such as: a. Whether a New Drug Application (NDA) must be filed. b. Determining the marketability of the drug. c. Whether the drug is effective. d. Placing the application for review for six months.

c. Whether the drug is effective.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client states, “This new drug is so expensive.” The nurse shares which of the following information regarding the process of new drug development? (Select all that apply.) a. All chemicals are treated on humans during clinical trials. b. Most chemicals that are tested are developed into drugs, but the process takes many years. c. Extensive laboratory research is conducted even before a drug is submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). d. A drug undergoes 11 years of research before it is marketed. e. Clinical trials can take up to six years or longer.

c. Extensive laboratory research is conducted even before a drug is submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). e. Clinical trials can take up to six years or longer.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse recognizes which group of clients is most affected by the high cost of prescription medications. a. Adolescents b. Premature infants c. Young adults d. Senior citizens

d. Senior citizens

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse teaches a client to check the USP label on medications, explaining it verifies which information? a. Rate of bioavailability b. Purity of medication c. Exact ingredients of medication d. Solubility of medication e. How often to take medication

b. Purity of medication | c. Exact ingredients of medication

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client tells the nurse she does not believe aspirin can do all the things it is advertised to do. The nurse's response is based on which understanding? a. Manufacturers have some literary license when advertising drugs. b. Advertisements are not legally binding and may be misleading. c. False claims of a drugs therapeutic effect are prohibited by law. d. All drugs must meet specific standards of purity.

c. False claims of a drugs therapeutic effect are prohibited by law.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 The nurse understands the purpose of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act is to: a. Provide financial support for the drug review process. b. Charge a lower fee to those who are chronically ill. c. Allow elders to use drugs with greater freedom. d. Regulate use of dietary supplements.

a. Provide financial support for the drug review process.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client says to a nurse, “I am so annoyed. My doctor has given me this medication for years and my insurance always paid. Now they refuse to pay, since I can just buy it in the drugstore without a prescription.” Which response by a nurse is accurate? a. “When it is less expensive to make the drugs available over the counter, then the Food and Drug Administration releases the drug for sale and the insurance company no longer pays for it.” b. “Insurance companies refuse to pay for over-the-counter drugs, since these drugs often are not effective. Talk to your doctor about prescribing another drug.” c. “Over-the-counter drugs are very dangerous since they can react with foods and herbal products, causing serious side effects. Therefore, insurance companies refuse to pay for them.” d. “If a drug is shown to have very few side effects over the course of many years, the drug might be changed from a prescription to an over-the-counter drug.”

d. “If a drug is shown to have very few side effects over the course of many years, the drug might be changed from a prescription to an over-the-counter drug.”

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 An elderly client informs the nurse, “I take a lot of over-the-counter (OTC) medications because I know they are safe for me.” The nurse’s best response would include: a. “You are absolutely correct. If they were not safe, they would not be sold OTC.” b. “Even though they are safe, you probably do not need to take so many.” c. “They should be safe, but you should only take them when absolutely necessary.” d. “They might be safe for you, but it is important to let your health care provider know all the medications you are taking.”

d. “They might be safe for you, but it is important to let your health care provider know all the medications you are taking.”

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A client has been started on a calcium channel blocker for treatment of vasospastic angina. The client states, "My husband takes this medication for his hypertension. I don’t have hypertension and I don’t want to take it.” The nurse’s explanation is based on the understanding that: a. The drug may have been ordered incorrectly and needs to be verified. b. The client must also have a diagnosis, but is not aware of it. c. Some drugs are used to treat more than one condition. d. The client probably does not want to take any type of medications.

c. Some drugs are used to treat more than one condition.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY MY NURSING LAB - CHAPTER 1 A student nurse has finished a course in pharmacology and states, “I am so glad I am done with this course. I hope I can remember all these drugs.” What information is critical for the student to have a mastery of? a. The application of drugs in individual clients b. Substitutions of comparable drugs when the ordered drug is unavailable c. The average dose of all medications d. All drug interactions that are potentially possible

a. The application of drugs in individual clients

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy You are helping a patient learn how to give himself an insulin injection. Which of the following is the best method for evaluation effective learning? A. Verbally quiz a family member B. Instruct the patient to complete a written test. C. Have the patient demonstrate an insulin injection. D. Ask the patient several key questions about the procedure.

C. Have the patient demonstrate an insulin injection.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy The time it takes for a drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response is: A. Peak drug level B. Duration of action C. Trough drug level D. Onset of action.

A. Peak drug level

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy The point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body is: A. Peak drug level B. Duration of action C. Trough drug level D. Onset of action.

C. Trough drug level

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy The length of time the drug’s therapeutic effect lasts is: A. Peak drug level B. Duration of action C. Trough drug level D. Onset of action.

B. Duration of action

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy You note that a primary care provider prescribed morphine sulfate, an opioid agonist, to relieve a patient’s postoperative pain. Which of the following describes the action of an agonist on a receptor? A. Destroy the receptor B. Competes with the receptor C. Activates the receptor D. Blocks the receptor

C. Activates the receptor

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A patient who is allergic to penicillin comes to the emergency department with suspect anaphylactic shock. Which of the following actions should you anticipate taking? (Select all that apply) A. Initiate oxygen therapy to support respiratory function. B. Administer epinephrine to increase blood pressure. C. Give diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to stop histamine release. D. Establish and maintain an open airway to ensure oxygenation. E. Administer a drug agonist to neutralize the allergic reaction.

A. Initiate oxygen therapy to support respiratory function. B. Administer epinephrine to increase blood pressure. C. Give diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to stop histamine release. D. Establish and maintain an open airway to ensure oxygenation.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy You are talking with a patient about taking tetracycline (Sumycin) along with antacid. You tell the patient not to take these two drugs at the same time because the antacid may reduce the absorption of tetracycline. When one drug reduces the effect of another drug, it is A. An allergic reaction. B. A synergistic effect C. An antagonistic effect. D. An adverse reaction.

C. An antagonistic effect.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy Primary care providers prescribe drug dosages for children using which of the following information (Select all that apply) ``` A. Body surface area B. Age C. Weight D. Developmental level E. Drug properties ```

A. Body surface area B. Age C. Weight E. Drug properties

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy An older adult patient may be at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following physiologic changes associated with aging? A. Reduced hepatic blood flow B. Increased glomerular filtration rate C. Reduced body fat D. Increased gastric motility

A. Reduced hepatic blood flow

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A patient asks you about the difference between a generic drug and a trade- or brand-name drug. You explain that a generic drug (Select all that apply.) A. has the potential for abuse and dependence. B. has the same chemical composition as the brand-name drug. C. may have several brand names. D. may have several generic names. E. is usually less expensive than a brand-name drug.

B. has the same chemical composition as the brand-name drug. | C. may have several brand names.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy Infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) ``` A. Decreased liver enzymes B. Reduced kidney perfusion C. Increased stomach acid D. Reduced percentage of body water E. Reduced liver perfusion ```

A. Decreased liver enzymes B. Reduced kidney perfusion E. Reduced liver perfusion

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient who arrived at an urgent care center following a bee sting. Which of the following findings indicate anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.) ``` A. Low blood pressure B. Wheezing C. Bradycardia D. Peripheral edema E. Swallowing difficulty ```

A. Low blood pressure B. Wheezing C. Bradycardia E. Swallowing difficulty

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A patient is having difficulty remembering to take a prescribed drug three times a day. Which of the following forms of the drug should the health care professional recommend to increase adherence? A. Liquid suspension B. Immediate-release capsule C. Extended-release tablet D. Powder form

C. Extended-release tablet

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy Which of the following describes drugs that are in pregnancy risk category D? (Select all that apply.) A. Are safe to take during the first trimester of pregnancy. B. Require the use of contraception of women of childbearing age. C. Can cause fetal malformation D. Can pass through the umbilical cord or the placenta to the fetus. E. Require weighing potential benefits against possible risks.

B. Require the use of contraception of women of childbearing age. C. Can cause fetal malformation D. Can pass through the umbilical cord or the placenta to the fetus. E. Require weighing potential benefits against possible risks.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium (Eskalith). The health care professional should monitor for which of the following? A. Tolerance to the drug B. Drug toxicity C. Drug interaction D. Dependence on the drug

B. Drug toxicity

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A patient who reports chronic pain states that his fentanyl (Duragesic) topical patch is no longer effective for pain relief. The health care professional should suspect which of the following? A. Tolerance to the drug B. Dependence on the drug C. Drug toxicity D. Drug interaction

A. Tolerance to the drug

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional obtaining a patient’s health history discovers that the patient takes loratadine (Claritan), an over the counter drug. Which of the following information about the over the counter drugs is correct? (Select all that apply.) A. They do not require supervision of a health care professional. B. They can interact with other drugs. C. They should be included in the drug history assessment. D. They are less effective than prescription drugs. E. They do not cause toxicity.

A. They do not require supervision of a health care professional. B. They can interact with other drugs. C. They should be included in the drug history assessment.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy When talking to a patient about taking naproxen (EC-Naprosyn), enteric-coated tablets, which of the following should the health care professional include? A. Expect drug absorption in the stomach. B. Expect immediate drug absorption. C. Allow the drug to dissolve in your mouth. D. Do not crush or chew the tablet.

D. Do not crush or chew the tablet.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is talking about drugs that have a small margin of safety to a patient who is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The health care professional should include which of the following information? (Select all that apply.) A. Periodic laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels. B. Monitoring for indications of toxicity is important. C. Effects can decrease over an extended period of time. D. Taking the smallest effective dose is crucial. E. Increasing fluid intake is recommended to avoid toxicity.

A. Periodic laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels. B. Monitoring for indications of toxicity is important. D. Taking the smallest effective dose is crucial.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient who is hospitalized with chest pain. Patient instruction about drugs and discharge planning should begin A. as soon as possible. B. on the day of discharge. C. when family members are present. D. after the patient has a definitive diagnosis.

A. as soon as possible.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is obtaining a patient’s health history. The patient states that he has no allergies but developed some mild itching while taking amoxicillin (Amoxil). Which of the following information should the health professional explain to the patient? A. Itching is an expected side effect of amoxicillin. B. Itching can indicate amoxicillin toxicity. C. Itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin. D. Itching can result from the dry skin often caused amoxicillin.

C. Itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient who is having cardiac dysrhythmias and is taking digoxin (Lanoxin). The health care professional should recognize that which of the following routes of administration has the fastest absorption? A. Subcutaneous B. IM C. Oral D. IV

D. IV

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy When talking to a patient about taking vancomycin (Vancocin), the health care professional explains the need to check periodic blood levels of the drug to monitor serum peak and trough. Peak and trough drug levels help monitor which of the following? (Select all that apply.) ``` A. Drug toxicity B. Minimum effective dose C. Constant therapeutic level D. Biotransformation E. First-pass effect ```

A. Drug toxicity B. Minimum effective dose C. Constant therapeutic level

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is preparing to explain how to take care of a newly created colostomy to a patient. The health care professional should recognize that which of the following can decrease the patient’s ability to learn? (Select all that apply.) ``` A. Cognitive level B. Language C. Comfort level D. Mild anxiety E. Readiness to learn ```

A. Cognitive level B. Language C. Comfort level E. Readiness to learn

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy The health care professional administers 2 units of Regular insulin (Humulin R) to a patient by subcutaneous injection at 0700. The package insert included with the Regular insulin bottle states that the onset of action is 30 to 60 min, the peak effect is 1 to 5 hr, and the duration is 6 to 10 hr. The health care professional should advise the patient to expect the lowest blood glucose level at which of the following times? A. 0700 B. 0730 C. 0900 D. 1300

C. 0900

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy An adult patient who has hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec), a drug that is eliminated by the kidneys. Before the patient begins the drug, the health care professional should address which of the following blood values? A. Total cholesterol B. Creatinine clearance C. Platelet count D. C-reactive protein

B. Creatinine clearance

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy Which of the following information should health care professionals consider when calculating drug dosages for infants and children compared with adults? A. Percent of body fat is greater in children than in adults. B. Infants have a smaller body surface area that adults. C. Urine is more concentrated in infants than in adults. D. Older children can have a faster metabolic rate than adults.

D. Older children can have a faster metabolic rate than adults.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonopioid analgesic, and an opioid agonist, for pain relief. These drugs interact together causing an additive effect. Which of the following characteristics of additive drug interactions? (Select all that apply.) A. Patients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages. B. Taking two drugs together can reduce the effects of one or both drugs. C. Taking two drugs together can potentiate the effects of one or both drugs. D. The two drugs produce an action neither would have produced alone. E. Both drugs have similar actions.

A. Patients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages. E. Both drugs have similar actions.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is speaking to a patient who is taking carbamazepine (Tegretol) and who reports drinking grapefruit juice. The health care professional explains that grapefruit juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver that is used to metabolize certain drugs, such as carbamazepine. She should recognize the patient’s risk for which of the following? A. Reduced drug absorption B. Drug dependence C. Altered drug distribution D. Drug toxicity

D. Drug toxicity

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is explaining the adverse effects of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient. Which of the following is an adverse effect of the drug? A. Cardiac dysrhythmias B. Increased cardiac output C. Increased urine output D. Reduced edema

A. Cardiac dysrhythmias

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is talking to a patient about giving the correct dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) to the patient’s infant. The health care professional explains that infants can absorb certain drugs at different rates than adults. Which of the following is a physiologic characteristic of infants that can alter drug absorption? A. Delayed gastric emptying B. Increased gastric acidity C. Increased first-pass effect D. Greater protein-binding capacity

A. Delayed gastric emptying

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is talking with a female patient who is taking captopril (Capoten), and ACE inhibitor, for hypertension. The health care professional informs the patient that captopril is a teratogenic drug. Teratogenic drugs can cause which of the following? A. Maternal bleeding B. Fetal malformation C. Gestational diabetes D. Maternal blood clots.

B. Fetal malformation

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is caring for a patient is receiving nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) IV and is changing to the oral form of the drug. The health care professional should recognize that the oral dose will be higher than the IV dose because of which of the following? A. The IV dose crossing the blood-brain barrier B. Decrease bioavailability because of the first-pass effect. C. Decreased half life of the oral dose. D. Increased rate of excretion of the oral dose.

B. Decrease bioavailability because of the first-pass effect.

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A health care professional is preparing to administer a parenteral drug to a patient. Which of the following drugs is he preparing to give? A. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) via rectal suppository. B. Albuterol (Proventil) via inhaler C. Heparin via subcutaneous injection D. Betaxolol (Betoptic) via eye drops.

C. Heparin via subcutaneous injection

UNIT I INTRO TO PHARMACOLOGY ATI - PharmMadeEasy A patient who is postpartum and is breastfeeding asks a health care professional about what effects taking over the counter drugs will have on her newborn. Which of the following should the health care professional consider when recommending a drug for the patient? (Select all that apply.) A. The newborn’s weight B. How much breast milk the newborn consumes each day C. Whether or not the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the newborn D. The properties of the drug E. The route of administration of the drug

A. The newborn’s weight B. How much breast milk the newborn consumes each day C. Whether or not the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the newborn D. The properties of the drug