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Nursing Fundamentals > Unit I > Flashcards

Unit I Flashcards

1
Q

nursing

A
  1. attention to the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness without restriction to a problem focused orientation
  2. integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an understanding of the client or group’s subjective experience
  3. application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment
  4. “The diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems”
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2
Q

evidenced based practice

A

problem-solving approach to nursing practice that uses the best evidence in combination with a clinician’s expertise, patient preferences and values, and available healthcare resources in making decisions about client care

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3
Q

EBP six step process

A
  1. ask a clinical question
  2. collect relevant and eveidence r/t questions
  3. critically evaluate evidence
  4. implement evidence
  5. evaluate results
  6. communicate results
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4
Q

caring

A
  • universal behavior observed in human beings and influenced by society, culture, values and gender
  • universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel, and behave in relation to other
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5
Q

caring vs. nursing

A
  • providing presence
  • comforting
  • touch
  • listening
  • knowing the client
  • healing environment
  • spiritual caring
  • family caring
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6
Q

critical thinking

A
  • active and cognitive process used to examine one’s thinking and the thinking of others
  • seperates nurses from unlicensed personnel
  • guides decision making process
  • promotes individualized care
  • promotes self-regulation
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7
Q

important aspects of critical thinking

A
  • skills:
  • interpretation
  • analysis
  • inference
  • evaluation
  • explanation
  • self-regulation
  • concepts:
  • truth seeking
  • open-mindeness
  • analytical
  • systematic
  • self-confidence
  • inquisitive
  • maturity
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8
Q

skills

A
  • interpretation
  • analysis
  • inference
  • evaluation
  • explanation
  • self-regulation
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9
Q

concepts

A
  • truth seeking
  • open-mindeness
  • analytical
  • systematic
  • self-confidence
  • inquisitive
  • maturity
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10
Q

critical thinking attitudes

A
  • confidence
  • independence
  • fairness
  • responsibility
  • risk taking
  • discipline
  • perseverance
  • creativity
  • curiosity
  • integrity
  • humility
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11
Q

nursing society and needs

A
  • demographics
  • women’s health care isues
  • human rights
  • cultural diversity
  • safety
  • health promotion and wellness
  • cost
  • shortage
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12
Q

nursing characteristics of a profession

A
  • education
  • theory
  • service
  • autonomy
  • code of ethics
  • mandatory licensure
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13
Q

licensed pratical nursing (LPN)

A
  • scope of practice
  • basic nursing skills
  • diret client care
  • may include advanced techniques such as IV care and initiation, depending on state and employer
  • practices under the direct supervison of an RN
  • education
  • community college/technical schools
  • hospital based programs
  • 9 months to 1 year lenght
  • areas of practice
  • nursing homes
  • hospitals
  • outpatient settings
    1. private offices
    2. red cross
    3. ambulatory care
  • home care
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14
Q

scope of practice LPN

A

-basic nursing skills
-diret client care
-may include advanced techniques such as IV care and initiation, depending on state and employer
practices under the direct supervison of an RN

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15
Q

education LPN

A
  • community college/technical schools
  • hospital based programs
  • 9 months to 1 year lenght
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16
Q

areas of practice LPN

A
  • nursing homes
  • hospitals
  • outpatient settings
  • private offices
  • red cross
  • ambulatory care
  • home care
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17
Q

registered nurse (RN)

A
  • scope of practice
  • basic nursing skills
  • direct client care
  • complex care skills
  • assessment
  • development of plan of care
  • supervisory and managerial skills
  • education
  • diploma
  • associate degree
  • baccalaureate
  • areas of practice
  • hospitals
  • nursing homes
  • out patient settings
  • home care
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18
Q

scope of practice RN

A
  • basic nursing skills
  • direct client care
  • complex care skills
  • assessment
  • development of plan of care
  • supervisory and managerial skills
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19
Q

education RN

A
  • diploma
  • associate degree
  • baccalaureate
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20
Q

areas of practice RN

A
  • hospitals
  • nursing homes
  • out patient settings
  • home care
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21
Q

advanced practice nurses (ARNP)

A
  • RN
  • advanced knowledge and skills in a specialty area
  • may practice independently in many states, some require collaboration or supervision of a physician
  • most states now have prescriptive privilege
  • education
  • master’s degree in nursing
  • certification in specialty area recognized accrediting body
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22
Q

nurse practitioner

A
  • primary care
  • assessment
  • physical examination
  • treating minor or self-limiting or long-term stable illness
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23
Q

clinical nurse specialist

A
  • expert clinician
  • educator
  • case manager
  • consultant
  • researcher
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24
Q

certified nurse midwife

A
  • independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor and delivery
  • routing GYN
  • family planning
  • requires advanced training in midwifery and certification by the American College of Nurse Midwives
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25
Q

certified registered nurse anesthetists

A
  • advanced training in accredited program of anesthesiology

- work under supervision and guidance of an anesthesiologist

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26
Q

physician

A
  • professional with degree of Doctor of medicine (MD) ot Osteopathy (OD)
  • most specialize in area of practice
  • diagnose and treat illness
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27
Q

social worker

A
  • providing access to community and hospital services
  • help identify and arrange for resources
  • offer counsel
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28
Q

occupational therapist

A

licensed or certified to develop and use adaptive devices to help clients carry out activities of daily living (ADLs)

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29
Q

physical therapist

A

licensed to assist in the examination, testing and treatment of physically disabled or handicapped through the use of special exercises, application of heat or cold and use of specialized equipment

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30
Q

pharmacist

A
  • licensed to formulate and dispense drugs

- knowledgeable in drug chemistry, drug interactions

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31
Q

respiratory therapist

A
  • airway maintenance with the direction from physician

- licensed with a minimum degree of associates education

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32
Q

dietician

A
  • educated in nutritional sciences

- knowledgeable about ways to enhance eating for clients with special needs

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33
Q

psychologist (PhD)

A
  • educated to care for emotional and mental health needs

- trained to adminster psychologcal tests and interpret results

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34
Q

spiritual care

A
  • spiritual and religious support and guidance
  • care for individuals in their own faith tradition
  • care for the individual with no religion, but with spiritual needs
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35
Q

other therapy

A
  • speech theraoy

- recreational therapy

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36
Q

CNA

A
  • assistant to the medical staff
  • help with daily cares of patients
  • class taken to certify but no degree
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37
Q

patient and family

A
  • direction of care

- ensure they are informed and remember the rights of the patient must always be protected

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38
Q

nurse role within the health care team

A
  • direct care provider
  • case manager
  • client advocate
  • educator
  • researcher
  • counselor
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39
Q

direct care provider

A
  • clinical decision maker
  • comforter
  • assisting client to regain health
  • physical, emotional, spiritual, social
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40
Q

case manager

A
  • coordinates client care and activities of other direct care provider
  • integrates all aspects of care
  • communicates with other memebers of team
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41
Q

client advocate

A
  • maintains safety in environment
  • protects client’s human and legal rights
  • intervenes when client cannot speak for self
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42
Q

educator

A
  • demonstrates procedures
  • explain concepts
  • share facts
  • may be formal or informal
  • includes assessing client’s understanding
43
Q

researcher

A
  • assess new equipment
  • conduct scientific inquiry
  • assist with studies conducted by others
  • record data for future use of other reasearches
44
Q

counselor

A
  • assisting clients to move foward
  • listening
  • here and now focus
45
Q

functions of a caring nurse

A
  • providing presence
  • comforting
  • touch
  • listening
  • knowing and understanding the patient
  • healing environment
  • holistic care
46
Q

values/beliefs/attitudes

A
  • internal variables
  • developmental stage
  • intellectual stage
  • emotional factors
  • spiritual factors
  • external variable
  • family dynamics
  • socioeconomic
  • cultural factors
47
Q

internal variables

A
  • developmental stage
  • intellectual stage
  • emotional factors
  • spiritual factors
48
Q

external variables

A
  • family dynamics
  • socioeconomic
  • cultural factors
49
Q

influence on ethical decisions

A
  • personal

- professional

50
Q

ethical issues

A
  • no black and white answer
  • each situation is different
  • patient first
  • ethics committee
51
Q

nurse practice acts

A
  • regulation of licensure and scope of nursing practice
  • purpose is to protect the public
  • formalized contract between society and the profession
  • assure high quality care
  • clarifies legal disputes of whether a nurse practiced appropriately
  • regulates licensure to practice
  • defines scope of care
    1. let’s nurses and public know what is required to give good care
52
Q

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

A
  • federation of 11 national associations including ANA, CNA

- goal is to share nursing knowledge to improve practice throughout the world

53
Q

American Nurses Association (ANA)

A
  • 1896
  • Goal: advancing the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the economic and general welfare of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing and lobbying the congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues afecting nurses and the public
  • purpose: to work for improvement of health standards, and the availability of health care services for all people
  • political action:
  • lobbying
  • testifying to senate
  • nurse advocacy:
  • congressional health committee
  • patient advocacy
  • code of ethics for nursing
54
Q

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)

A
  • professional organization for LPNs
  • 1949
  • to provide a structure at the national level through which LPNs could promote better patient care and act on behalf of the professional group
  • purpose: leadership, foster high standards of practice, encourage, continuing education
55
Q

National League for Nurses (NLN)

A
  • 1952
  • to advance quality nursing education that prepares the nursing workforce to meet the needs of diverse populations in an ever-changing health care environment
  • major body that accredits schools of nursing
  • promotes reasearch
56
Q

Amercan Academy for Nursing (AAN)

A
  • 1970

- to recognize those nurses who have made significant contributions to their profession

57
Q

National Organization for Associate Degree Nurses

A
  • N-OADN
  • 1986
  • focus on the education of associate degree nurses
  • strenghtening the role of associate degree nurses
  • protecting the associate degree nrse in the future of nursing
58
Q

levels of health care

A
  • primary/preventive
  • secondary/acute
  • tertiary/restorative
59
Q

outpatient agencies

A
  • offices
  • ambulatory surgery centers
  • red cross
  • VNA
60
Q

inpatient agencies

A
  • hospitals
  • restorative care to ill and injured
    1. specialty
    2. general
    3. private/for profit
    4. public/not for profit
61
Q

extended care

A
  • skilled care
  • IV
  • wound care
  • vents
  • nursing homes
  • 24 hour intermediate and custodial care
  • residential/retirement
  • PRN
  • mental health
  • emotional
  • behavioral
  • rehab centers
  • physical and drug alcohol half-way houses
62
Q

skilled care

A
  • IV
  • wound care
  • vents
63
Q

nursing homes

A

24 hour intermediate and custodial care

64
Q

residential/retirement

A

PRN

65
Q

mental health

A
  • emotional

- behavioral

66
Q

rehab centers

A

physical and drug alcohol half-way houses

67
Q

community based agencies

A
  • adult day care
  • home health
  • support groups
  • volunteer agencies
  • hospice
  • respite care
  • government agencies
68
Q

entry

A
  • referral
  • primary care giver
  • self
  • employer
  • specific health need
  • financial resources
69
Q

private insurance plans

A

third party reimbursement

70
Q

managed care plans

A
  • capitation
  • types:
  • preferred provider (PPO)
  • exclusive provider (EPO)
  • health maintenance (HMO)
71
Q

capitation

A

when the provider gets a set amount of money for their illness

72
Q

medicare

A
  • title 18 of social security act
  • funded through FICA
  • prospective payment:
    1. set amount per discharge depending on diagnostic-related group (DRG)
  • who is covered?
  • 65 and over
  • person of any age with permanent kidney failure
  • select individuals with disabling illness
73
Q

prospective payment

A

set amount per discharge depending on diagnostic-related group (DRG)

74
Q

medicaid

A
  • federally funded
  • state administered
  • tite 19 in Iowa
  • state income guidelines
  • who is covered?
  • members of families with dependent elsers, blindness, disability or under the age of consent
75
Q

discharge planning

A
  • centralized, coordinated, multi-disciplinary process that ensures a client has plans for appropriate care after discharge
  • involves client and family to help ensure follow-through
  • starts at admission
76
Q

client’s rights to health care

A
  • society generally believes that all people have a right to basic health care regardless of cultural, economic or other factors
  • led to the develop of medicare and medicaid
  • as nurses, we believe all people have an inherent right to QUALITY care
  • cost becomes an issue in many areas
  • aids
  • infant mortality
  • transplants
  • those with too much money and too little to afford insurance
  • HIPAA
  • right to privacy regarding health care
77
Q

HIPAA

A

right to privacy regarding health care

78
Q

patient’s bill of rights

A
  • 1972
  • AHA developed the patient’s bill of rights
  • modified in 2003
  • now called the patient care partnership
79
Q

informed consent

A
  • individual’s agreement to allow something to happen
  • must be mentally and physically competent
  • must be voluntary
  • must thouroughly understand the procedure, risks, benefits and alternatives
  • has the right to have all questions answered satisfactory and confirm understanding of treatment the are agreein to
  • responsibility of the provider who will perform the treatment to obtain the realease
  • DO NOT accept the responsibility for obtaining signed consent unless you are sure all the qualifications are met
  • DO NOT assume primary responsibility for informing client about procedure
  • DO answer questions if your client asks
  • if client refuses a treatment, even after signing a consent, be sure to notify provider
80
Q

disease

A

any kind of disorder with signs or symptoms tht intempt your normal functioning

81
Q

views of health

A
  • absence of illness/disease
  • health as a continuum
  • health as wellness and well-being/ health promotion
82
Q

World Health Organization (WHO)

A

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

83
Q

illness

A

state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience

84
Q

stage one: symptom experince

A
  • something is wrong
  • physical or emotional change
  • interpretation of the symptoms
  • behavior
  • usually self treatment
85
Q

stage two: assumption of sick role

A
  • seek validation from family and friends
  • excused from normal activities
  • may seek treatment if symptoms persist
86
Q

stage three: medical care contact

A
  • seek expert validation of illness
  • explanation of symptoms
  • reassurance that they are “ok”
87
Q

stage four: dependent client role

A
  • disruption of life
  • depends upon health care provider’s ability to provide relief of symptoms
  • some may receive gain
88
Q

stage five: recovery and rehabilitation

A
  • give up the sick role or parts of it
  • return to former roles
  • adjust to changes
89
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • self-actulization
  • achieve full potential
  • problem solving
  • mature
  • esteem and self respect
  • self-worth
  • self-confidence
  • belongingness and affection
  • friends
  • love
  • safety and security
  • psychological safety
  • physiologic needs
  • food
  • water
  • pain-free
  • temperature control
  • rest
  • shelter
90
Q

self-actulization

A
  • achieve full potential
  • problem solving
  • mature
91
Q

esteem and self respect

A
  • self-worth

- self-confidence

92
Q

belongingness and affection

A
  • friends

- love

93
Q

safety and security

A

psychological safety

94
Q

physiologic needs

A
  • food
  • water
  • pain-free
  • temperature control
  • rest
  • shelter
95
Q

influences the priority of an indivual’s needs

A
  • life threatning situations always take priority

- priority may vary depending on client’s goals, resources, perception of needs

96
Q

concerning unmet needs

A
  • nurses must individualize nursing care to fit each individual’s unique needs
  • nurses must pay attention to the client’s perception of their own needs
  • nurses must be active in promoting health, wellness, and illness prevention
97
Q

influence of genuine caring

A
  • by accepting clients as they are
  • assists clients to feel secure in threatening and anxiety producing situations
  • protects autonomy, rights, freedoms
  • can help clients mobilize internal and external resources
98
Q

school health

A

comprehensive programs integrate health promotion principles throughout a school’s curriculum. services stress program management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and community health principles

99
Q

occupational health

A

comprehensive program geared to health promotion and accident or illness prevention. goal is to increase worker productivity, decrease absenteeism, and reduce use of expensive medical care

100
Q

physician’s offices

A

provide primary health care (diagnosis and treatment). beginning to focus more on health promotion practices. advanced nurse practitioners often partner with a physician in managing patient population

101
Q

nursing centers

A

nurse-managed clinics provide nursing services with a focus on health promotion and health education, chronic disease assessment management, and support for self-care and caregivers

102
Q

block and parish nursing

A

nurses living within a neighborhood provide services to older patients or those unable to leave their home. provides services that are not available in traditional health care system

103
Q

community centers

A

outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a specific patient population (ex. well-baby, mental health, diabetes) that lives in a specific activity community. sometimes affiliated with a hospital, medical school, church, or other community organization

104
Q

EBP

A

EBP increases quality of care and improves performance in the healthcare field

Nursing Fundamentals (6 decks)

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