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AP BIO 1 > Unit I > Flashcards

Unit I Flashcards

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1
Q

Microscopic

Cytology
Histology

A

Study structure of cell and tissue

Cytology : cell
Histology: tissue

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Changes in structure

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3
Q

Pathological studies

A

Study of changes due to disease

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4
Q

Concept of homeostasis

Receptor
Controller
Effector

A

Keeping the inside of body balanced

Receptor : monitors the changes of environment

Control : determines how to deal with environment

Effector : receive message and proceed

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5
Q

Level of organization of body

Atom…

A 
Atom
Molecules
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System of organs
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6
Q

Main characteristic of life

TRIPLE M DERR❤️

A 
Maintain: Internal environment
Movement: cell
Metabolism: chemicals 
Digestion: energy
Exertion: waste
Reproduction❤️
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7
Q

NUCLEUS

  • Nuclear envelope
  • CHROMATIN
  • nucleolus
A

Contains DNA

Nuclear envelope : limit access of large molecule allow transport of small molecule

Chromatin: absorb stain for cell division

Nucleolus : ribosome home

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8
Q

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ROUGH

SMOOTH

A

Connect tubes and channel

Rough: protein synthesis, contain ribosome

Smooth: lipid synthesis, detoxification of drug
Sex hormone, glycogen in liver

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9
Q

Golgi complex

  • lysosomes
  • mitochondria
A

Golgi : powerhouse
Sorting
Chemical alternation ( what chemical is for what)
Packaging

Lysosomes: soldier
Clean up old organelle
Phagocytes

Mitochondria: energy saver
ATP

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10
Q

Cytoskeleton function and types

A

Shape, support, movement, cell division

Microfilament
Thick
Medium sized

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11
Q

Cilia & flagella

A

Clean up and absorb and sort nutrients

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12
Q

Function of plasma membrane

What is the cholesterol for?

A

Isolate cell from the outer membrane
Select what goes in and out
Divide different compartment

Cholesterol is for fluidity of the tails of the lipids.

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13
Q

Endocytosis vs Exocytosis

A

Endocytosis : the cyte eats it

Exocytosis : the cyte spits it out

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14
Q

Endocytosis types ( 3) define + function

A

Function : create vesicles, separate things from cell and into the cytoplasm

Pinocytosis: gulps everything
Phagocytosis : gulps specific things
Receptor: picky eater!

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15
Q

Exocytosis function

A

Release from cyte

Embeds protein to become transporter

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16
Q

Types of membrane transport
Passive ( 3 types)
Active ( 2 types )
Osmosis

A

Active: primary: pumps
Secondary: symport or antiport

Passive :
Simple diffusion high to low
Channel: go through system
Carrier: specific shape binding

Osmosis :

Hypotonic : when inside of the cell has water coming in more

Hypertonic: when inside of the cell has water coming out more

Isotonic: is when water goes in and out equally

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17
Q

4 types of tissue and function

A

Epithelial : separation

Connective : structure, storage, defense,transport

Nervous: computer, control + information processing

Muscle: support, thermoregulation, movement of blood through vessels

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18
Q

Intercellular junction (3 types) define

A

Merocrine: watery(sweat) no damage

Apocrine: armpit and groin little damage

Holocene: oily, entire cell breakdown

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19
Q

Epithelial

Layer and shape name

A

Layer
Simple: one
Stratified:multiple

Cell shape
Squamous: flat
Cuboidal: cube
Columnar: cylindrical

20
Q

Simple squamous

A

Thinnest membrane in body

Diffusion/absorption

21
Q

Simple cuboidal:

A

Secretion or absorption

Tubular structure

22
Q

Simple columnar

A

Secret and absorb mucous (digestive system)

23
Q

Pseudostratified columnar :

A

facilitate mucous was removal of airway

24
Q

Transitional tissue

A

When stretched it appears as stratified squamous (urinary bladder)

25
Q

Stratified squamous:

A

abrasion or abuse

26
Q

Keratinization stratified squamous:

A

Upper layer filled with dead cell

27
Q

Non-keratinized :

A

Mucous membrane I

28
Q

Stratified cuboidal and columnar

A

Salivary mammary gland

29
Q

Muscular tissue function and types define

A

Support movement
Push blood through vessel
Movement of food and body secretion
Thermoregulation

Types:

Skeletal

  • Connected to bone
  • somatic nervous system
  • actin and myosin
  • voluntarily

Cardiac

  • involuntarily
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • adhesion and gap junction

Smooth

  • walls of hallow organ, blood vessel, internal organ
  • involuntary
  • autonomic nervous system
30
Q

Nervous tissue function and types

A

Control and info processing

Dendrite : messenger
Body : contain nucleus
Axon: sends msg away from body

31
Q

Neuralgia define and types

A

Supporting nervous system

Astrocytes: star shape providing nutrient and ion from blood brain barrier

Ependyma : lines through the cerebral ventricles and spinal cord

Oligodendrocytes in CNS & Schwann (PNS) from myelin and sheath

32
Q

Types of connective tissue :

Function ( SPIT BS )

A

Bone (Osseous)
Blood tissue
Supportive
Proper

Function: 
Structural 
Protection
Insulation and energy storage 
Transport 
Body defense support& interconnection
33
Q

Types of fiber 3

A

Collagen : strongest (ligament and tendon)
Elastic : significant recoil when stretched
Reticular : lacy fragile (lymphoid structure)

34
Q

Adipocyte
Mast cell
Macrophage

DEFINE!

A

Adipocyte : store nutrient (fat cell)

Mast cell: detect foreign cell

Macrophage, phagocyte: eats bad cell

35
Q

Supportive connective tissue

Function
Types

A

Function: strong and flexible

Hyaline : collagen fiber
Reduce friction
Absorb shock

Elastic cartilage:
Elastic fiber

Fibrocartilage: resistance to compression

36
Q

Osseous (bone) connective tissue

Function and type

A

Function: provide strength

Types

Compact : osteon consisting matrix deposit in layers around canal of blood vessel
Osteocytes produce matrix

Cancellous(spongy)

  • no osteon
  • bone growth
  • surrounds red bone marrow
37
Q

Fluid connective tissue

Type and function

A

Function: transport fuel nutrients oxy immunization cell throughout body

Erythrocytes: RBC
Leukocyte: WBC

-granulocyte :
•neutrophil
•eosinophil
•basophil

-agranulocyte :
•monocytes
•Lymphocyte

Thrombocytes : cellular debris

LYPMH

38
Q

Loose connective tissue

Function and define type

A

Areolar (packaging material)

  • Protein fiber of all three
  • Site of immune system

Adipose (store fat)

  • brown
  • white

Reticular : framework of gland lymph organ

39
Q

Dense connective tissue

Define and types

A

Dense regular

  • strongest of body
  • ligaments, tendons
  • w/collagen fiber

Dense irregular
-mostly collagen fiber
-no ground substance
Ex: heart valves

40
Q

Integumentary system

Consist of?
Function?

A

Consist of skin and skin appendages (nails,hair,sweat gland, sebaceous)

Function:
Protection
Thermoregulation
Vitamin production

41
Q

Skin layer

Define

A

Epidermis : dead , outer layer

Dermis : under epidermis

Hypodermis : mainly vessels and stuff, below dermis

42
Q

Layers of epidermis (5)

A

Stratum Basel : simple columnar or cuboidal
Very bottom to dermis
Produce melanin

Stratum spinosum: 5-10 layer
Irregular shape tightly
Contain pre-keratin

Stratum granulosome : 3-5 layer
Flats
Water proof keratin

Stratum loadem : clear dead cell

Stratum corneum: 2/3 of epidermis
20-30 layers of dead cell.

43
Q

Dermis layers (2)

A

Papillary : loose Areolar connective tissue

Reticular: 80% of dermis
Dense irregular tissue
Contain collagen and elastin

44
Q

Skin pigmentation 3 types

A

Melanin : dark brown from uv radiation

Carotene : yellowish from Veges (carrot)

Hemoglobin : pinkish from blood

45
Q

Uv light concept

A

Uv light makes vitamin d to form

Uv light destroy folic acid which will destroy DNS synthesis. This can cause cancer

46
Q

Gross anatomy

  • Systematic
  • Regional
A

Entire body

regional : one part of body (leg)

systematic: the system of body (digestive system)

AP BIO 1 (3 decks)

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