UNIT FOUR: TISSUE: THE LIVING FABRIC Flashcards
LIST THE FOUR TYPES OF BASIC TISSUE IN THE BODY
Epithelial, connective tissue proper, muscle, nervous
STATE FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME EPITHELIAL TISSUES
→ simple squamous: is one layer and has a flat shape and nucleus, representing a sunny side up egg. Because of its thin shape it’s great for diffusion! Also good at secretion and filtration. Often found in alveoli of the lungs and capillaries.
→ simple cuboidal: Has a round squarish shape with a large centralized nucleus. Is good at absorption and secretion and is often found in kidney tubes and glands.
→ simple columnar: has a tall pillar-like shape, nuclei are located near the basement membrane and have a lot of cytoplasm covering them. Are also good at absorption and secretion. Are often found in the GI tract because of the goblet cells simple columnar can have.
→ pseudostratified columnar: Looks stratified but isn’t
→ stratified squamous: has multiple layers and sunny side up egg appearance. Great at protecting against abrasion because of the multiple layers. Located in the stratum corneum.
COMPARE ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE GLANDS
→ endocrine: release substances into the body, ex. Release of hormones into the blood.
→ exocrine: released substances outside of the body. Note: things that secrete into the digestive tract are considered exocrine because this tract connects to the outside of the body, despite the substances being secreted into the internal organ.
DESCRIBE THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES
→ loose areolar: is considered the universal packing material of the body, it is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and areas with a lot of open space. It is made up of equal amounts of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers woven into a mesh. Have high amounts of cells and also contain immune cells.
→ loose adipose: have adipocytes stored in triglycerides. Have white fat that is good for energy storage, insulation, and shock absorption. Also contains brown fat that can generate heat.
→ dense regular: cell and ECM poor, is also poorly vascularized so it takes forever to heal. Is densely packed with collagen fibers in an organized fashion, is found in tendons and ligaments and is good at resisting unidirectional forces.
→ dense irregular: is also cell poor with densely packed collagen fibers. Except the collagen fibers here are irregularly arranged, it is also found in tendons, ligaments, and in the walls of large arteries. Are good at resisting multi-directional forces.
→ hyaline cartilage: contains thin collagen fibers. Is found at the end of bones and also the nose and trachea.
→ elastic cartilage: contains many elastic fibers which makes it flexible. Found in the epiglottis and outer ear.
→ fibrocartilage: contains thick and thin collagen fibers. Found in the intervertebral disks of the spine, good at resisting compressive forces.
→ bone: Contains osteocytes and osteoblasts located in lacunae.
→ blood: Is considered a liquid connective tissue because it contains cells, platelets can make fibers, and plasma is an ECM.
DESCRIBE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR MUSCLE AND NERVOUS TISSUE
→ skeletal: only voluntary muscle, is striated and poorly nucleated. Is found anywhere with bone and can also generate heat.
→ cardiac: found in the heart, multinucleated, has intercalated disks to allow action potentials for non-stopping rapid heart beat. Is branched and involuntary.
→ smooth: is involuntary and found in all internal organs.
→ nervous: found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Its function is coordinating and regulating bodily activities like muscle contraction, awareness of the environment and more.
