Unit Exam 3

Question 1

Ceili and Fionn are discussing the statement, “Fathers are essential for children’s well-being.” Ceili says that it is clear that fathers are essential because children in fatherless homes have an increased risk of a variety of behaviour problems. Which of the following points should Fionn make to demonstrate that the argument is unreasonable?

Select one:

a. The argument is based on a false dichotomy.
b. Other evidence suggests that it is the presence of a mother that determines whether children will be well adjusted or not.
c. The argument is based on outdated information.
d. Evidence of a correlation between fatherlessness and behaviour problems does not mean that there is a causal relationship between the two.

Answer 1

d. Evidence of a correlation between fatherlessness and behaviour problems does not mean that there is a causal relationship between the two.

Question 2

At what stage does a developing human organism become capable of physical movement?

Select one:

a. germinal
b. postnatal
c. fetal
d. embryonic

Answer 2

c. fetal

Question 3

What is the term for the close, emotional bond of affection between infant and caregiver?

Select one:

a. identification
b. imprinting
c. dependency
d. attachment

Answer 3

d. attachment

Question 4

Gary is an active infant who always seems to be happy. He has a regular schedule, and he typically sleeps through the night without waking, even when he stays overnight with his grandparents. Based on the temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, which type of temperament does Gary have?

Select one:

a. difficult
b. easy
c. uninhibited
d. slow-to-warm-up

Answer 4

b. easy

Question 5

Which of the following is experienced by most couples in the empty-nest stage of the family life cycle?

Select one:

a. an eagerness to start a new family and looking forward to parenting
b. an increase in marital satisfaction
c. drifting apart and developing separate interests outside the home
d. post-parental depression

Answer 5

b. an increase in marital satisfaction

Question 6

Gretchen watches as her preschool teacher forms two identical balls of modeling clay. The teacher gives one of the balls of clay to Gretchen, and then squashes the remaining ball into a flat pancake. She asks Gretchen whether they both have the same amount of clay, and Gretchen confidently states that the teacher has more because the pancake is wider than the ball. What thinking flaw does this example illustrate?

Select one:

a. egocentrism
b. assimilation
c. conservation
d. irreversibilty

Answer 6

c. conservation

Question 7

What does the cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests about infants’ control over their own bodies?

Select one:

a. Hips and legs are under control before shoulders and arms.
b. Hands and fingers are under control before shoulders and arms.
c. Shoulders and arms are under control before hips and legs.
d. Shoulders and arms are under control before hands and fingers.

Answer 7

c. Shoulders and arms are under control before hips and legs.

Question 8

Which type of moral reasoning suggests that a poor man who stole food to feed his family was right, because human life takes precedence over rules?

Select one:

a. pre-conventional moral reasoning
b. concrete operational thought
c. post-conventional moral reasoning
d. conventional moral reasoning

Answer 8

c. post-conventional moral reasoning

Question 9

When Mrs. Tabak looks out her kitchen window, she is upset to see her six-year-old son Ryan picking the tomatoes from her garden, setting them on his T-ball stand, and smashing them with his bat. Which of Piaget’s processes is illustrated by Ryan’s substitution of tomatoes for his regular T-ball?

Select one:

a. assimilation
b. object permanence
c. accommodation
d. centration

Answer 9

a. assimilation

Question 10

Walter and Camille have been an “empty nest” couple since their youngest son left for college last year. What will Walter and Camille likely find now that they are alone?

Select one:

a. They will spend less time together than they did when the children were home.
b. Their marital satisfaction will start to increase.
c. The transition to being a “childless” couple will be stressful.
d. Their marital satisfaction will drop considerably.

Answer 10

b. Their marital satisfaction will start to increase.

Question 11

Brock was not sure what he wanted to do while he was in college, so he talked to the career counsellors last year. His profile showed a strong interest in both medicine and animals, so he got a part-time job at the local humane society. He also checked the requirements for veterinary school, and he has now completed six of the courses required for the veterinary program. He is convinced that this is the ideal career for him. According to James Marcia, what identity status does this represent?

Select one:

a. moratorium
b. diffusion
c. achievement
d. foreclosure

Answer 11

c. achievement

Question 12

Suzanne is 10 months old, and her older brother has been playing peek-a-boo with her for the past 10 minutes. At first, Suzanne was really excited each time her brother uncovered his face, but now she seems bored and uninterested, and she barely responds when her brother says, “Boo.” Suzanne is showing evidence of

Select one:

a. observational learning.
b. dishabituation.
c. an unconditioned response.
d. habituation.

Answer 12

d. habituation.

Question 13

Question 13
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Question text
During which stage are genital herpes and AIDS typically passed from mother to offspring?

Select one:

a. embryonic stage
b. childbirth
c. fetal stage
d. germinal stage

Answer 13

b. childbirth

Question 14

Nine-year–old Kyle likes to draw and paint. However, he doesn’t receive very good grades on his art projects, and several times his friends have laughed at the pictures Kyle has created. Based on Erikson’s theory, Kyle is likely to develop

Select one:

a. a sense of industry.
b. feelings of guilt.
c. a sense of despair.
d. feelings of inferiority.

Answer 14

d. feelings of inferiority.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Girls typically receive more pressure to behave in gender-appropriate ways than boys do.
b. Grade school teachers tend to scold girls more often than boys.
c. Parents’ attitudes have very little influence on the gender roles acquired by their children.
d. On TV, physical attractiveness is more important for women than for men.

Answer 15

d. On TV, physical attractiveness is more important for women than for men.

Question 16

What are the potential effects of moderate, rather than heavy, drinking during pregnancy?

Select one:

a. Even normal social drinking by an expectant mother may be harmful to the fetus.
b. Most doctors recommend small amounts of alcohol throughout pregnancy.
c. Three drinks per day can be considered a safe level of alcohol consumption for most pregnant women.
d. Alcohol consumption by the mother poses almost no risk to the developing fetus in the last three months of the pregnancy.

Answer 16

a. Even normal social drinking by an expectant mother may be harmful to the fetus.

Question 17

In the 1960s, even though all her friends tried recreational drugs, Maggie refused to experiment with drugs because she was afraid she would get caught and end up in jail. Which level of Kohlberg’s moral development does this example illustrate?

Select one:

a. pre-conventional
b. post-conventional
c. authoritarian
d. conventional

Answer 17

a. pre-conventional

Question 18

Angelina and Dominique are best friends. Angelina contracts rubella and Dominique catches it from her. At the time they are sick with the disease, Angela is four weeks pregnant and Dominique is eight months pregnant. What is the MOST likely outcome in this situation?

Select one:

a. Neither baby will have physical defects as a result of its mother’s rubella.
b. Angelina’s baby will be unaffected by the disease, but Dominique’s baby will have physical defects.
c. Dominique’s baby will be unaffected by the disease, but Angelina’s baby will have physical defects.
d. Both babies will have physical defects as a result of their mothers’ rubella.

Answer 18

c. Dominique’s baby will be unaffected by the disease, but Angelina’s baby will have physical defects.

Question 19

What is the term for physical features that are associated with being male or female, but that are NOT directly associated with reproduction?

Select one:

a. nonsexual characteristics
b. secondary sexual characteristics
c. tertiary sexual characteristics
d. primary sexual characteristics

Answer 19

b. secondary sexual characteristics

Question 20

Dr. Wilmark prescribes extra morphine for her terminally-ill patients, though she knows that they may use it to end their lives. This is in violation of federal law. She believes it is morally wrong to cause unnecessary human suffering and, if necessary, she is willing to serve time in jail rather than watch others suffer needlessly. Which type of moral reasoning does this example illustrate?

Select one:

a. authoritarian
b. pre-conventional
c. conventional
d. post-conventional

Answer 20

c. conventional

Question 21

Dr. Hewlett believes that early childhood experiences have a strong influence on adult personality, and that personality is largely shaped by unconscious forces. Which of the following perspectives do Dr. Hewlett’s views mirror most closely?

Select one:

a. humanistic
b. psychodynamic
c. biological
d. behavioural

Answer 21

b. psychodynamic

Question 22

When anthropologists compare ancient artefacts from South America, Europe, and Australia, they often find similarities among the images that are depicted. Jung would suggest that __________________ leads to these apparent similarities.

Select one:

a. the preconscious
b. the collective unconscious
c. manifest consciousness
d. reciprocal determinism

Answer 22

b. the collective unconscious

Question 23

Sarah is torn between the need to study for an exam and her desire to go out with her friends. She decides that she will go out later only if she completes her studying. This realistic decision reflects the functioning of which Freudian component of Sarah’s personality?

Select one:

a. id
b. unconscious
c. ego
d. superego

Answer 23

c. ego

Question 24

Why was the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) originally designed?

Select one:

a. as an aid for clinical diagnosis
b. as a self-assessment tool
c. to screen military personnel
d. to assess basic dimensions of normal personality

Answer 24

a. as an aid for clinical diagnosis

Question 25

Shelly often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can’t have her own way. She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can’t have the things that she wants immediately. According to Freud’s view of the personality, which of the following dominates Shelly’s personality?

Select one:

a. her id
b. her superego
c. reaction formation
d. her ego

Answer 25

a. her id

Question 26

According to Eysenck, which trait involves being egocentric, impulsive, cold, and antisocial?

Select one:

a. neuroticism
b. psychoticism
c. introversion
d. extraversion

Answer 26

b. psychoticism

Question 27

What did Raymond Cattell use to identify clusters of closely related personality traits and their underlying factors?

Select one:

a. analysis of variance
b. normal distribution
c. factor analysis
d. multifactorial averaging

Answer 27

c. factor analysis

Question 28

Malachi is an executive for a major corporation. He constantly needs to find ways to meet the corporation’s goals and objectives while taking into consideration such factors as laws and financial resources. Which component of Freud’s theory of personality does reflect MOST in making these decisions?

Select one:

a. superego
b. ego
c. id
d. preconscious

Answer 28

b. ego

Question 29

Which theoretical orientation argues that psychology should study only observable behaviour?

Select one:

a. humanism
b. rational-emotive
c. behaviourism
d. invasive

Answer 29

c. behaviourism

Question 30

Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were especially critical of Freud’s emphasis on

Select one:

a. defense mechanisms.
b. sexuality.
c. the unconscious.
d. the influence of childhood experiences.

Answer 30

b. sexuality.

Question 31

Jose is one of the top baseball players in his league, but last week he struck out on an easy pitch. Afterward, he smashed the water cooler in the dugout with his bat. According to Freud, what defense mechanism is Jose using?

Select one:

a. displacement
b. rationalization
c. projection
d. reaction formation

Answer 31

a. displacement

Question 32

What do children go through during Freud’s latency stage?

Select one:

a. They attempt to cope with the desires they have for their same-sex parent.
b. They turn their biological urges loose.
c. They begin to focus their sexual energy on their opposite-sex peers.
d. They begin to expand their social contacts beyond the immediate family.

Answer 32

d. They begin to expand their social contacts beyond the immediate family.

Question 33

Which of the following best summarizes Albert Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism?

Select one:

a. “Striving for success is the key human drive.”
b. “Environments shape humans and humans shape environments.”
c. “Free will is an illusion.”
d. “We are born with the template for our future behaviour.”

Answer 33

b. “Environments shape humans and humans shape environments.”

Question 34

Which of the following is predicted by terror management theory?

Select one:

a. People may avoid going to see a doctor to avoid thinking about illness.
b. People will have reduced self-esteem when they avoid thinking about illness.
c. People will be most likely to question their worldviews when mortality is salient.
d. People will become more open-minded when they are confronted with their mortality.

Answer 34

a. People may avoid going to see a doctor to avoid thinking about illness.

Question 35

Which of the following types of people is most likely to post very provocative items on Facebook to get attention and approval?

Select one:

a. narcissist
b. psychopath
c. introvert
d. extravert

Answer 35

a. narcissist

Question 36

Which approach to personality stresses the individual’s freedom, uniqueness, and growth potential?

Select one:

a. humanism
b. social cognitive theory
c. Gestalt theory
d. behaviourism

Answer 36

a. humanism

Question 37

Natalie is eight years old. Her parents have always spoiled her and given her anything that she has asked for. Based on Adler’s theory of individual psychology, this parental pampering will cause

Select one:

a. a tendency for Natalie to be dominated by her superego as an adult.
b. Natalie to have feelings of competence and self-sufficiency.
c. Natalie to have a weak superego.
d. Natalie to have exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy.

Answer 37

d. Natalie to have exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy.

Question 38

Gordon hadn’t thought about the band “Spider Wings” for several months. However, as soon as Donovan mentioned it, Gordon instantly thought about the great time he had at their last concert. According to Freud, where in Gordon’s mind was the memory of the concert contained before Donovan mentioned “Spider Wings”?

Select one:

a. unconscious
b. subconscious
c. preconscious
d. conscious

Answer 38

c. preconscious

Question 39

What type of personality measure asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus, such as a picture or an inkblot?

Select one:

a. behaviour rating
b. projective test
c. deceptive test
d. self-report personality inventory

Answer 39

b. projective test

Question 40

According to Carl Rogers, if your self-concept is reasonably accurate, it is said to be

Select one:

a. extraverted.
b. self-actualized.
c. valid.
d. congruent with reality.

Answer 40

d. congruent with reality.

Question 41

With regard to a child’s cognitive ability, the termconservationrefers to?

Select one:

a. the ability to understand that because something isn’t visible doesn’t mean it no longer exists.
b. the ability to solve moral dilemmas in the most economical manner possible.
c. assimilating new experiences into an existing memory structure to conserve memory space.
d. the awareness that changing the shape of something doesn’t alter the amount of that something.

Answer 41

d.the awareness that changing the shape of something doesn’t alter the amount of that something.

Question 42

What is the prenatal period of development?

Select one:

a. the period immediately after birth
b. the nine months before birth
c. the period before conception takes place
d. the period from conception to implantation

Answer 42

b.the nine months before birth

Question 43

Traditionally, psychologists have been interested in childhood development. What has changed about the focus of developmental psychology in recent decades?

Select one:

a. The focus has shifted toward the prenatal period.
b. The focus has expanded to include adolescence.
c. The focus has expanded to include the whole lifespan.
d. The focus has shifted toward infancy.

Answer 43

c.The focus has expanded to include the whole lifespan.

Question 44

If you join your friends in a protest against nuclear power primarily because you want their approval, rather than because of any strong conviction you have about nuclear power, you are at the _______________ level of moral development.

Select one:

a. conventional
b. unconventional
c. post-conventional
d. pre-conventional

Answer 44

a.conventional

Question 45

John approaches problems systematically, considering various solutions and the consequences of each, before he decides on the implementation of any one solution. John is probably at the _______________________ level of cognitive development.

Select one:

a. concrete operational
b. post-operational
c. formal operational
d. pre-operational

Answer 45

c.formal operational

Question 46

Leanna is 19 years old, and when people ask her what she wants to do when she finishes school, she tells them she hasn’t really given it much thought. She is convinced there is lots of time before she even needs to begin thinking about her various career options. According to James Marcia, what identity status describes Leanna’s state?

Select one:

a. moratorium
b. postponement
c. diffusion
d. foreclosure

Answer 46

c.diffusion

Question 47

What temperament category describes an infant who actively resists change, who fails to develop a regular sleeping and eating schedule, and who is generally irritable and unhappy?

Select one:

a. slow-to-warm-up
b. mixed
c. easy
d. difficult

Answer 47

d.difficult

Question 48

Lawrence Kohlberg believed that ______________ development determines moral development.

Select one:

a. social
b. cognitive
c. emotional
d. physical

Answer 48

b.cognitive

Question 49

Two-year-old Craig likes to put on his own coat and shoes. His mother often becomes impatient waiting for him to get ready, and she usually scolds him and then finishes zipping his coat and tying his shoes for him. Based on Erikson’s theory, Craig will develop

Select one:

a. a general sense of mistrust.
b. feelings of autonomy.
c. feelings of shame and doubt.
d. a sense of inferiority.

Answer 49

c.feelings of shame and doubt.

Question 50

A child who knows how to tie shoelaces would probably find it relatively easy to learn how to tie a ribbon on a gift. What would Piaget call this thinking process?

Select one:

a. accommodation
b. maturation
c. assimilation
d. operationalization

Answer 50

c.assimilation

Question 51

Which of the following would you expect to see if you were viewing the brain of an individual who had died from Alzheimer’s disease?

Select one:

a. a significant reduction in the levels of serotonin within the brain
b. neural abnormalities, including neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
c. enlarged brain ventricles and deep cortical creases
d. a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the hypothalamus

Answer 51

b.neural abnormalities, including neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 52

What is associated with early maturation in both males and females?

Select one:

a. deterioration of peer relations
b. more high-risk behaviour
c. higher levels of moral reasoning
d. greater risk for eating disorders

Answer 52

b.more high-risk behaviour

Question 53

Rates of secure and insecure attachment vary across different cultures, perhaps related to differences in parenting styles that are more or less common in different countries. Which of your text’s unifying themes does this illustrate?

Select one:

a. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.
b. There is an interaction of heredity and environment.
c. Psychology is theoretically diverse.
d. Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage.

Answer 53

d.Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage.

Question 54

You and a friend are discussing the importance of fathers in children’s overall development. Your friend states that, “If we fail to promote increased involvement of fathers in the parenting process, then we must accept the inevitable breakdown of other social values.” What type of reasoning fallacy is this?

Select one:

a. a weak analogy
b. circular logic
c. alternative explanations
d. a false dichotomy

Answer 54

d.a false dichotomy

Question 55

When Matthew saw his older brother’s bicycle fall over, Matthew told his brother that the bicycle must be tired from being ridden too much. What would Piaget call this type of thinking?

Select one:

a. animism
b. centration
c. preformal operational
d. conservation

Answer 55

a.animism

Question 56

Carmyn is an elementary school-age child who does well in school and who receives praise and support at home. According to Erikson, she will develop a sense of

Select one:

a. generousness.
b. trust.
c. industry.
d. superiority.

Answer 56

c.industry.

Question 57

Bernard is now 80 years old. When he was 20 years old, he took part in a detailed study that assessed various aspects of his intellectual functioning. If Bernard were to complete the same tests today, he would most likely find that

Select one:

a. both his fluid and crystallized intelligence have declined over time.
b. his fluid intelligence has remained stable over time, and his crystallized intelligence has increased.
c. his fluid intelligence has declined over time, but his crystallized intelligence has remained stable.
d. his crystallized intelligence has declined over time, but his fluid intelligence has remained stable.

Answer 57

c.his fluid intelligence has declined over time, but his crystallized intelligence has remained stable.

Question 58

Laura takes her one-year-old son Jake to visit a daycare centre where she plans to enroll him. Jake eagerly explores the playroom as long as Laura is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Jake becomes somewhat upset, but when Laura returns, he quickly calms down. What type of attachment relationship likely exists between mother and son in this example?

Select one:

a. avoidant
b. secure
c. undeveloped
d. anxious-ambivalent

Answer 58

b.secure

Question 59

Sixteen-year-old Krystal thought that all she needed to do to earn an “A” was to show up for class and pay attention, like she had in middle school. In her first year of high school, she got Cs in all her classes because she didn’t study enough. Which Piagetian process would allow Krystal to change her understanding of what is needed to succeed in school?

Select one:

a. accommodation
b. reversibility
c. egocentrism
d. assimilation

Answer 59

a.accommodation

Question 60

Which of the following is typical of females, compared to males?

Select one:

a. Females are more assertive.
b. Females are more irrational in social interactions.
c. Females are more emotional.
d. Females are more sensitive to nonverbal cues.

Answer 60

d.Females are more sensitive to nonverbal cues.

Question 61

Which of the following phrases is consistent with hindsight bias?

Select one:

a. “Everyone else is crazy.”
b. “No pain, no gain.”
c. “Opposites attract.”
d. “I knew it all along.”

Answer 61

d.“I knew it all along.”

Question 62

Which of the following is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality?

Select one:

a. It de-emphasizes the subjective nature of self-concept.
b. It is too optimistic about human nature.
c. It presents a fragmented view of personality.
d. It is too deterministic.

Answer 62

b.It is too optimistic about human nature.

Question 63

Juan used to be a fairly generous individual, but it seemed that whenever he loaned things to people, they were not returned, or they were returned broken. Consequently, Juan is no longer generous. Which of the following explains Juan’s lack of generosity?

Select one:

a. positive reinforcement
b. punishment
c. extinction
d. negative reinforcement

Answer 63

b.punishment

Question 64

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. The evidence suggests that environmental factors do not influence personality.
b. The evidence suggests that genetic factors do not influence personality.
c. It is only a matter of time before the complicated intertwining of nature and nurture will be understood.
d. Efforts to divide behaviour into genetic and environmental components are ultimately artificial.

Answer 64

d.Efforts to divide behaviour into genetic and environmental components are ultimately artificial.

Question 65

Which of the following criticisms can be leveled against both the psychoanalytic approach and the humanistic approach to personality?

Select one:

a. They provide a fragmented view of personality.
b. They overemphasize the influence of early childhood experiences.
c. They are too deterministic.
d. They are difficult to test.

Answer 65

d.They are difficult to test.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

Select one:

a. college admissions
b. clinical diagnosis
c. psychological research
d. personnel selection

Answer 66

a.college admissions

Question 67

Antony describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Antony as secretive and tense. According to Carl Rogers, which of the following would be true of Antony?

Select one:

a. He is low in self-efficacy.
b. He experiences congruence.
c. He experiences incongruence.
d. He is low in self-monitoring.

Answer 67

c.He experiences incongruence.

Question 68

Todd was physically abused until the age of eight. He is now 40 years old and he has no memories of the early abuse that he experienced. According to Freud, what defense mechanism is Todd using?

Select one:

a. regression
b. repression
c. projection
d. reaction formation

Answer 68

b.repression

Question 69

Marcos is very quiet and avoids large groups. Some people consider him unfriendly, and he seldom takes a stand or acts assertively. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Marcos would probably score

Select one:

a. high in neuroticism.
b. low in agreeableness.
c. low in openness.
d. low in extraversion.

Answer 69

d.low in extraversion.

Question 70

Bess uses a software package on her computer to create a number of abstract images. She finds that each person who looks at the images sees something different in them. If Bess records the responses that each person provides, she may find that the answers are similar to those of the

Select one:

a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
b. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).
c. Rorschach test.
d. NEO Personality Inventory.

Answer 70

c.Rorschach test.

Question 71

Scott has just been reprimanded by his supervisor. Later on, Scott begins to “stomp around” and throws a tantrum in front of his co-workers. Which defense mechanism is Scott using?

Select one:

a. rationalization
b. regression
c. projection
d. a fixation

Answer 71

b.regression

Question 72

What type of stimulus is used in Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

Select one:

a. ambiguous pictures
b. forced-choice items
c. inkblots
d. true-false items

Answer 72

a.ambiguous pictures

Question 73

Which of Eysenck’s higher-order traits is associated with being sociable, assertive, active, and lively?

Select one:

a. sensation-seeking
b. extraversion
c. intraception
d. self-monitoring

Answer 73

b.extraversion

Question 74

Brianna used to be shy and unwilling to speak out in class. Last semester she was in a class that involved a lot of discussion groups, and she found that her classmates were willing to listen attentively to her ideas and often asked her for input when the discussion bogged down. Now Brianna is more outspoken and confident during class discussions. Which of the following led to Brianna’s change in behaviour?

Select one:

a. negative reinforcement
b. extinction
c. positive reinforcement
d. punishment

Answer 74

c.positive reinforcement

Question 75

Colton is completing a long personality inventory, and he doesn’t really want to take the time to read each of the questions in detail. Instead, he simply disagrees with all the statements. Which of the following describes Colton’s method of completing the personality inventory?

Select one:

a. a social desirability bias
b. a negative response set
c. a self-monitoring bias
d. the use of deliberate deception

Answer 75

b.a negative response set

Question 76

Julio is extremely dependable and productive, and his friends think he is great at organizing events. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Julio would probably score

Select one:

a. high in agreeableness.
b. low in neuroticism
c. high in openness.
d. high in conscientiousness.

Answer 76

d.high in conscientiousness.

Question 77

Esteban has a job that pays well, and he recently moved to a neighbourhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with and raising a family. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what need motivates Esteban at this point in his life?

Select one:

a. aesthetic needs
b. belongingness and love needs
c. esteem needs
d. need for self-actualization

Answer 77

b.belongingness and love needs

Question 78

Ten-year-old Benjamin is often nervous about bringing report cards home to his parents. Although his parents say they love him, he feels that they really love him only when he obtains excellent grades in school. How does Benjamin perceive his parents’ affection, based on the theory developed by Carl Rogers?

Select one:

a. unconditional
b. congruent
c. incongruent
d. conditional

Answer 78

d.conditional

Question 79

Which defense mechanism involves giving yourself a plausible excuse that hides the real reasons for your behaviour?

Select one:

a. regression
b. reaction formation
c. projection
d. rationalization

Answer 79

d.rationalization

Question 80

Shayna has a job that pays well, and she has three children who are now all in adolescence. For the past few months, she finds herself increasingly restless, and she is thinking about enrolling in university and taking some classes in art, which has always interested her. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what needs are motivating Shayna?

Select one:

a. esteem needs
b. belongingness and love needs
c. cognitive needs
d. homeostatic drives

Answer 80

c.cognitive needs