Unit exam #1 - Maternal Flashcards
Acrocyanosis
bluish discoloration of hands feet but pink trunk
APGAR assessment
Routine rapid assessment of the newborn’s overall status and response to resuscitation.
it is scored In 5 domains
heart rate, respiratory rate, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability, and color
how is heart rate on the Apgar scored
0 is absent /
1 slow <100 bpm /
>100 bpm or equal to
how is respiratory effort measured on the Apgar scoring
0 Absent/
1 Slow, weak cry/
2 good cry
how is muscle tone measured on the Apgar scoring
0 Flaccid/
1 some flexion of extremities/
2 well flexed
how is the grimace
measured on the Apgar scoring
0 no response/
1 grimace/
2 cry
how is color measured on the Apgar scoring method
0 blue, pale/
1 body pink, extremities blue/
2 completely pink
Acetaminophen
NSAID for treatment of fever and for postpartum period to relieve pain to relieve discomfort
Albuterol
Beta adrenergic agonist
causes increased heart rate and Gi disturbances
(emergent use to relieve a bronchospasm)
Amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker
used to treat during hypertensive episode of patient and Lowers the heart rate e
Aspirin
Analgesic / antipyretic
used as a preventive measure for preeclampsia
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Relaxes uterine smooth muscle
what patients should you not give these to? Women with known or suspected heart disease, preeclampsia with severe features or eclampsia, pregestational or gestational diabetes, or hyperthyroidism
SE? Hyperglycemia
Betamethasone
used to prevent preterm birth and create surfactant for fetal development
Calcium Gluconate
antidote for magnesium sulfate / Magnesium toxicity
given over 3 minutes
Estrogen
treatment of endometriosis in adolescents can be available in a patch form
Folic acid
supplement use for deficiency of folate to prevent birth defects
prevents NTD
Guifensin
mucolytic to thin secretions for children with RSV, croup, CF to thin secretions and allow for easier breathing
Gentamicin
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
they can be given during pregnancy to prevent chioriamniotis during labor (infection of the genitourinary tract)
given after Cesarean Birth to prevent infection of anaerobic microorganisms.
Hydrocodone
mild form of opioid for postpartum /postoperative pain treatment
iron supplement
Iron deficiency
and prenatal care to make hemoglobin and red blood cells
should be administered between meals for greater absorption
labetalol
Beta blocker lowers your hr and blood pressure
used in hypertensive emergency state for mom
Magnesium Sulfate
Used for treatment of preeclampsia
can be given IVP
can cause warmth, flushing, diaphoresis and burning at the IV site
Methylprednisolone
used to decrease inflammation and minimize further injury / to prevent hyperemesis in hyperemesis gravidarum
Montelukast Sodium
Leukotrienes
block inflammatory and bronchospasm effects used for children to treat asthma ages 12 months of age and older for maintenance through controlled use of beta agonists. and steroids.
Pancreatic Enzyme
Long-term use for cystic fibrosis management
has to be taken 30 minutes before every meal
Prostaglandin
Cerevidil insert and Prepidil gel
the insert should be removed after 12 hours of active onset labor or earlier if adverse effects occur
the gel is administered through a catheter may be administered every 6 hours for cervical ripening
Adverse effects: Fever, chills, Nausea, vomiting, and uterine tachysystole with or without an abnormal FHR and pattern
Rhogam administration
unsensitized mothers at 28 weeks gestation and within 72 hours after birth or following miscarriage or therapeutic abortion
Placenta Previa
the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment it can completely cover the cervical os or partially or is close enough to the cervix to cause bleeding when the cervix dilates or the lower uterine segment effaces
Placental abruption
what is it? premature separation of the placenta from uterine wall
what causes it? smoking, hypertension, HELLP syndrome, and cocaine
symptoms of placental abruption? Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, back pain
how would you manage this?
early delivery and fetal condition assessment
Cystic Fibrosis
what is it? common autosomal recessive genetic disorder
what is the pathophysiology of CF? the exocrine glands produce excessive viscous secretions
what systems are affected? Respiratory and digestive system
what causes it? genetics
how do they diagnose it?
sweat chloride test for newborn, a genetic or carrier test etc.
HELLP syndrome
what is it? laboratory diagnosis for a variant of preeclampsia that involves hepatic dysfunction characterized by hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelet count (LP)
what are the important aspects of car seat safety?
put the seat in rear facing position because a frontal crash would result in it being spread over the head, neck and back and the car seat supports the spine. The car seat should have a 5 point safety harness, put a tightly rolled towel on the sides of the head to keep the head in place.
what does GTPAL stand for
Gravita (number of pregnancies)/ Term (the number of pregnancies that ended in term birth 37-42 weeks)/ Preterm (number of pregnancies that ended in preterm births 35 and under weeks)/ Abortion / living children
what is a term birth?
37 weeks and 0 days and beyond including early, full, late term and post births
Alpha-fetoprotein screening
screening test for neural tube defects such as spina bifida or encephalopathy in pregnancy as an early detection screening tool.
Ambivalence
having conflicting feelings simultaneously
what does it look like? mom is pregnant but mom is sad life is ending
Amniocentesis
what is it? it is a screening test where amniotic fluid is obtained to screen for early detection of different chronic conditions of the fetus usually performed at 15 weeks gestation or after from the cells for Early screening of defects
Anticipatory Guidance
what is it? it is what will occur at that age range and to teach parents what will be coming soon
Atraumatic care
what is it? provision of therapeutic care in settings, by personnel and through the use of interventions that minimize or eliminate the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and their families in the health care system
Biophysical profile
what is it? Noninvasive dynamic assessment of a fetus that is based on on acute and chronic markers of fetal disease
Biophysical profile scoring system is based upon
Fetal breathing movements/ Fetal Movements/ Fetal tone/ Amniotic fluid and Non stress test
what does the breath sound of Rails means
circulatory overload, too rapid transfusion, and transfusion of excessive quantity of fluid
fine and coaurse crackles
what does the breath sound of wheezes mean
Inflamed pleural surfaces of lung
what does the breath sounds of crackles means
possible fluid overload
how is concealed hemmorhage identified
Increasing fundal height
Naegeles rule
what is it? it is used to estimate the due date of mom
how do you calculate it? date of last menstrual period - 3 calendar months + 7 days + 1 year
when do you score a Apgar
1 minute after birth / 5 minutes after birth
Object Permanence
the object is not visible but still exist but the child thinks it is gone
from birth to 2 years old of sensiormotor stage
Oral glucose tolerance test
a screening tool to check for Gestational diabetes Mellitus
checked after an hour but if you fail it you have to do a 3 hour test
when is the test scheduled? 24-28 weeks
Preterm Birth
birth that happens between 20 weeks to 36 6/7 weeks
Preterm Labor (S/S, diagnostic test, complications)
What are the S/S? change in type of vaginal discharge (watery, mucus, or bloody)/ increase In amount of vaginal discharge/ constant low, dull backache/ pelvic or lower abdominal pressure/ Mild abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea/ regular or frequent contractions or uterine tightening, often painless/ ruptured membranes
what would be the diagnostic for preterm labor? shortened cervical length, Fetal Fibronectin
What are the Complications? Intrauterine infection, cord prolapse, umbilical compression and placental abruption
Preterm Premature rupture of membranes PPROM
rupture of membranes before 37 weeks
what causes it? weakening of amniotic membranes
Premature rupture of membranes PROM
membrane rupture before 37 0/7 weeks of gestation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
or staphylococcus aureus Acute otitis external infection of ear from swimming
common in 5 - 14 years old peaks In summer.
Rubella (titer, vaccination, S/S)
what is it? a subcutaneous injection of rubella vaccine is recommended in the postpartum period prior to discharge from the birth facility
purpose of the vaccine? to prevent the possibility of contracting rubella in future pregnancies; it is given for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine.
what is the titer reading? 1:8 or less or enzyme immunoassays level <0.8
what are the signs and symptoms of Rubella? Fever, transient arthralgia, rash and lymphadenopathy