Adult Health one - exam #3 Flashcards
Perfusion, Oxygenation (terms are included from learning map)
Hypertensive crisis
what is it? a severe elevation in the blood pressure that can cause damage to the organs such as the kidney or the heart
what does it look like? blood pressure reading greater than 180/120, patient could have symptoms of morning headache, blurred vision, anxiety, nosebleed, dyspnea, and malignant hyperthermia
what causes it? underlying health conditions or intervention that did not occur from elevated blood pressure / kidney disease
what does the nurse do for it? administer oxygen and monitor O2 saturation while administering IV hydralizine to stabilize blood pressure
wheezing
high pitched whistling noise upon expiration
crackles
fluid in lungs
Primary Hypertension
What is it? most common type of hypertension it is not caused by an underlying health condition
What does it look like? Patient that has elevated blood pressure of >120 SBP and Diastolic Blood pressure >80
what causes it? thickening of the arterioles, obesity, environmental factors and psychological factors
what does the nurse do for it? the nurse administers ACE inhibitors to lower the blood pressure (-pril)
Rhonchi
in large airways cleared with a cough
Secondary hypertension
what is it? elevated blood pressure that is caused by a specific disease or drug.
what does it look like? Patient that has kidney failure and a patient that is on glucocortoid or erythropoietin.
what causes it? certain medications or kidney failure from the RAAS system not properly functioning
what does the nurse do for it? assess the patient by drawing labs for kidney such as AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine clearance
while patient is on the medication administer a vasodilator
Cardiac dysrhythmias
what is it? a disorder of the heartbeat involving a disturbance in cardiac rhythm; irregular heartbeat
what does it look like? Abnormal EKG reading
what causes it? perfusion of the heart impaired
what does the nurse do for it? depending on the dysrhythmia the nurse would administer Beta-adrenergic blockers (-olol) or Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (-sartans)
Pleural friction rub
sounds like grinding
Room air percentage
21%
Oxygen concentrator
machine that removes nitrogen from room air increasing oxygen air over 90%
Diuretics
furosemide, spironolactone, metolazone, polythiazide, hydrocholothiazide
what are diuretics related to cardiac output
they are the 1st defense of lowering blood pressure
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Atenolol, Nadolol, Timolol, maleate, Metoprolol -olol medications mostly
How do diuretics affect the heart
can become electrolyte imbalance, glucose control can be affected so do not give to diabetic patients, do not give to patients with gout uric acid is production
Vasodilators
Hydralazine, Hydrochloride, Minoxidil
what can a vasodilator effect in the body
decrease your blood pressure and lower swelling present as well as decrease your heart rate
stage 1 HTN
130-139 mm Hg or 140-159 mm Hg / 80-89 mm Hg or 90-99 mmHg
stage 2 HTN
greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or greater than 160 mmHg / greater than or equal to 90 mmHg or greater than 100 mmHg
what is prehypertension?
120-139 mm/Hg SBP and 80-89 mm/Hg DBP
what are the 2 breathing techniques for COPD patients
Pursed Lip Breathing and Diaphragmatic breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing
relax muscles while inspiration and push out abdomen with upper hand above breast bone and the lower hand on the abdomen in the supine position
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Pursed Lip Breathing
deep inspiration followed by prolonged expiration through pursed lips, while sitting up.
meant to prevent bronchiolar collapse and air trapping
How do vasodilators work in terms of treatment of hypertension
decrease the blood pressure
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease term
collection of lower airway disorders that interfere with air flow and gas exchange
how many liters can be used on a nasal cannula
1-6 lpm
how many liters can be used on a partial and nonrebreather
10-15 lpm
Cor Pulmonale
right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary disease
how many liters can be used on a simple mask
6-12 lpm
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
what is it? collection of lower airway disorders that interfere with air flow and gas exchange
what does it look like? lower o2 saturation below 90% on RA, patient who was a chronic chain smoker or presently is, patient who has trouble breathing on RA,
Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, patient in a tripod position
what causes it? Smoking, smoke inhalation, lower respiratory disorders that mess with the alveoli when gas exchange occurs
what does the nurse do for it? the nurse will administer breathing treatments, the nurse will administer oxygen device, the nurse will teach patient different breathing techniques to help breathe
Chest physiotherapy
external chest wall manipulation using percussion, vibration, or high-frequency chest wall compression
what are the 2 processes associated with COPD
Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
affects the lungs by inflammation of the Bronchi
Emphysema
affect the lungs by destruction and dilation of the alveolis
Afterload
the pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels
Apical Impulse or point of maximal impulse (PMI)
the pulse located at the left fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line
Baroreceptors
sensory receptors in the arch of the aorta and at the origin of the internal carotid arteries that are stimulated wehn the arterial walls are stretched by an increased blood pressure
Blood pressure
the force of blood exerted against the vessel walls
Bradycardia
below 60 beats per minute in adults
abnormal slow heart rate
Cardiac Index
a calculation of cardiac output requirements to accoutn for differences in body size ; equation is CO/surface area
Cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute
CO=HR x Stroke volume
Cholesterol
serum lipid that includes High Density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein
Diastole
phase of cardiac cycle that consists of relaxation and filling of atria and ventricles ; normally 2/3 of the cardiac cycle
Diastolic Blood pressure
the amount of pr pressure of force against the arterial walls during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
Essential Hypertension
also known as primary hypertension the most common type of hypertension; not caused by an existing health problem
Heart Rate
term referring to the number of times the ventricles contract each minute.
High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
part of your total cholesterol values that should be more than 45 mm/dL for men and women more than 55 mg/dL the good cholesterol
what is the lab values for HDL
more than 45 mm/dL for men and women are more than 55 mm/Hg for women
High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
a serum marker of inflammation and a common and critical component of the development of atherosclerosis
Homocysteine
an amino acid that is produced when proteins break down; elevated values may be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease
Hypertensive Crisis the term what is it
a severe elevation in blood pressure, which can cause damage to organs such as the kidneys or the heart
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
part of the total cholesterol cale that should be less than 130 mg/dL; bad cholesterol
what is the value for LDL
less than 130 mg/d: