unit d - respiratory system

Question 1

what is breathing?

Answer 1

the process by which air enters and leaves your body.

air going in and air coming out

Question 2

inhaling

Answer 2

breathing in

Question 3

exhaling

Answer 3

breathing out

Question 4

external respiration

Answer 4

exchange of gasses from the air to lungs to blood

Question 5

internal respiration

Answer 5

exchange of gasses between blood and cells

Question 6

cellular respiration

Answer 6

exchange of gasses within the cells.

produces the energy that fuels all cells.

Question 7

two requirements for cellular respiration

Answer 7

the surface area must be large enough for the excnahe of O2 and CO2 to happen.
it must be a moist environment because the O2 and Co2 are dissolved in water.

Question 8

order of the respiratory system

Answer 8

nostrils - nasal cavity - pharynx - epiglottis - larynx - trachea - bronci - bronchioles - alveoli - capilliares

Question 9

nasal cavity

Answer 9

2 nostrils that connect to the pharynx.
filters, warms and moistens air.
trapped particles using tiny hair and mucus.
( air can also enter the body through the mouth but it does not workas a filter so when that air gets you to yours it is unfiltered and dirty making this harmful to your lungs ).

Question 10

pharynx

Answer 10

a channel at the back of the mouth.

it’s a passage way for air and food and branches towards the esopohgus or trachea.

Question 11

eppiglottis

Answer 11

it is a flap that covers the trachea so that when you swallow it prevents food from entering your trachea.
( food down the esophogus and air down the trachea )

Question 12

larynx ( voice box )

Answer 12

they are strung between two pieces of cartilage and when air passes through it vibrates.

Question 13

trachea ( wind pipe )

Answer 13

lined with mucus producing cells ( traps the debris that pass through the nasal cavity ) and cilia ( the hair like structures that sweep things away ).
surrounded by different rings of cartilage and muscles that prevent your trachea from collapsing.
connects the larynx to the two bronci

Question 14

bronchi ( bronchus )

Answer 14

trachea branches into two bronchi ( left and right ).
they carry air into the left and right lung.
they contain cartilage to help prevent them from collapsing.

Question 15

bronchioles

Answer 15

bronchi spilt into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
there are no cartilage bands on these ones.
they contain muscles that help them dialate and contract.
eg. asthma is caused by contstrition of bronchioles.

Question 16

aveoli

Answer 16

tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles.
300 million ( 150 per lung ).
they are a site of gas exchange.

Question 17

pleural membrane

Answer 17

2 thin membranes ( one surrounds the outer surface of the lung and the other surrounds the inner surface of the ribs )

Question 18

diaphragm

Answer 18

it is a dome shaped band of muscle.
seperates the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
heeds to inhalation and exhalation and as result of the changes of pressure and volume.

Question 19

intercoastal muscles

Answer 19

muscles inside your ribs that help with your breathing .
when the muscles contract it pulls your rib cage up and out wich increes the volume of the chest ( lowers the pressure ).
when the muscles relax the chest wall pushes agaisnt the lungs to help force the air out ( to areas of lower pressure ).