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bio 20 > unit d - circulatory system > Flashcards

unit d - circulatory system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 important parts of the circulatory system

A
  1. transported gasses, nutrients, and waste throughout your body
  2. regulates the internal temperature / transports hormones
  3. protects against diseases and blood loss due to injury
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2
Q

what are arteries ?

A

carry blood away from the heart

Artery Away

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3
Q

what are arteriuls ?

A

smaller arteries

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4
Q

what are veins ?

A

carry blood to the heat

Veins Valves ) ( veIN’s go INto heart

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5
Q

what are venuales ?

A

smaller veins

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6
Q

what makes the lub sound in your heartbeat ?

A

the closing of the AV valves.

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7
Q

what makes the dub sound in your heartbeat ?

A

the closing of the semilunar valves.

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8
Q

what is the pulmonary circuit ?

A

blood moving from heart to lungs and then back to heart.

pulmonary means lung

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9
Q

what is tbe systemic circuit ?

A

blood moving between the heart and the body and then back to the heart.

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10
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells
carry oxygen using hemoglobin
no nucleus
bioconcave shape

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11
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells
responsible for immune system respones
have a nucleus

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12
Q

thrombocytes

A 
platelets
responsible for blood clot reactions
no nucleus 
produced in bone marrow 
irregularly shaped
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13
Q

anemia

A

a condition of lack of red blood cells ( hemoglobin ) and this decreases the oxygen delivery to cells.

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14
Q

what is a pulse ?

A

when the heart contracts, feel the change in diameter of the artery when increased blood volume flows though it.

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15
Q

what are capillaries ?

A

from the arterioles, the blood flows into the capillaries ( the most amounts of blood vessels )
they increase surface area but are only one cell thick
very small diameter ( about one cell thick so they flow in a single file line )

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16
Q

what is an aneurysm ?

A

when an artery wall becomes weak and it bulges.

17
Q

what is atherosclerosis ?

A

a fibrous growth of calcium and other minerals to deposit on top of the lipids which restricts the passage of blood.

18
Q

what can atherosclerosis lead to … / treatments for it …

A

high blood pressure
blood clots
heart attacks or strokes
angioplasty is a treatment using a balloon and wire sheath to keep an artery open.

19
Q

what are varicose veins ?

A

as you get older veins lose their elasticity, when this happens blood pools in veins and damages the valves, and the veins bulge.

20
Q

what does CFE stand for ?

A

extracellular fluid

21
Q

what is systole ? systolic pressure ?

A

contraction of the heart during which the blood is pushed out of the heart.
sending blood out of the heart ( the numerator )

22
Q

what is diastole ? diastolic pressure ?

A

when your heart is relaxed and your atria are filled with blood.
( denominator )

23
Q

what is osmotic pressure ?

A

the pressure that pulls the fluid back in

the power of pulling solutes back in.

24
Q

another name for fluid pressure

A

blood pressure

25
Q

what is fluid pressure ?

A

the pushing out of the fluid.

26
Q

what is homeostasis ?

A

balance or harmony.

27
Q

what is a negative feedback loop ?

A

a way that your body returns to homeostsis.

28
Q

what is thermoregulation ?

A

your bodys ability to regulate your body tempature even when the outside tempature is different.

29
Q

what is cardiac output ?

A

the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle per mintue,

30
Q

how to calculate cardiac output ?

A

cardiac output = stroke volumne x heart rate ( pulse )

31
Q

what is vasodilation ?

A

widening of blood cells so that more oxygen and nutrients can get to areas that lack oxygen and nutrients.

32
Q

what is stoke volume ?

A

volume of blood ejected by your ventricles per beat.

33
Q

what is heart rate ?

A

how much blood leaves your heart every mintue.

34
Q

what is blood pressure ?

A

force of blood applied to the walls of the blood vessel

35
Q

what is hypertension ?

A

high blood pressure ( when your blood pressure is high than normal)
affected by a high salt diet, genetic or exercise

36
Q

what is arteriolar resistance ?

A

if your arterioles constrict blood pressure increases.

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