unit d - circulatory system Flashcards
3 important parts of the circulatory system
- transported gasses, nutrients, and waste throughout your body
- regulates the internal temperature / transports hormones
- protects against diseases and blood loss due to injury
what are arteries ?
carry blood away from the heart
Artery Away
what are arteriuls ?
smaller arteries
what are veins ?
carry blood to the heat
Veins Valves ) ( veIN’s go INto heart
what are venuales ?
smaller veins
what makes the lub sound in your heartbeat ?
the closing of the AV valves.
what makes the dub sound in your heartbeat ?
the closing of the semilunar valves.
what is the pulmonary circuit ?
blood moving from heart to lungs and then back to heart.
pulmonary means lung
what is tbe systemic circuit ?
blood moving between the heart and the body and then back to the heart.
erythrocytes
red blood cells
carry oxygen using hemoglobin
no nucleus
bioconcave shape
leukocytes
white blood cells
responsible for immune system respones
have a nucleus
thrombocytes
platelets responsible for blood clot reactions no nucleus produced in bone marrow irregularly shaped
anemia
a condition of lack of red blood cells ( hemoglobin ) and this decreases the oxygen delivery to cells.
what is a pulse ?
when the heart contracts, feel the change in diameter of the artery when increased blood volume flows though it.
what are capillaries ?
from the arterioles, the blood flows into the capillaries ( the most amounts of blood vessels )
they increase surface area but are only one cell thick
very small diameter ( about one cell thick so they flow in a single file line )
what is an aneurysm ?
when an artery wall becomes weak and it bulges.
what is atherosclerosis ?
a fibrous growth of calcium and other minerals to deposit on top of the lipids which restricts the passage of blood.
what can atherosclerosis lead to … / treatments for it …
high blood pressure
blood clots
heart attacks or strokes
angioplasty is a treatment using a balloon and wire sheath to keep an artery open.
what are varicose veins ?
as you get older veins lose their elasticity, when this happens blood pools in veins and damages the valves, and the veins bulge.
what does CFE stand for ?
extracellular fluid
what is systole ? systolic pressure ?
contraction of the heart during which the blood is pushed out of the heart.
sending blood out of the heart ( the numerator )
what is diastole ? diastolic pressure ?
when your heart is relaxed and your atria are filled with blood.
( denominator )
what is osmotic pressure ?
the pressure that pulls the fluid back in
the power of pulling solutes back in.
another name for fluid pressure
blood pressure
what is fluid pressure ?
the pushing out of the fluid.
what is homeostasis ?
balance or harmony.
what is a negative feedback loop ?
a way that your body returns to homeostsis.
what is thermoregulation ?
your bodys ability to regulate your body tempature even when the outside tempature is different.
what is cardiac output ?
the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle per mintue,
how to calculate cardiac output ?
cardiac output = stroke volumne x heart rate ( pulse )
what is vasodilation ?
widening of blood cells so that more oxygen and nutrients can get to areas that lack oxygen and nutrients.
what is stoke volume ?
volume of blood ejected by your ventricles per beat.
what is heart rate ?
how much blood leaves your heart every mintue.
what is blood pressure ?
force of blood applied to the walls of the blood vessel
what is hypertension ?
high blood pressure ( when your blood pressure is high than normal)
affected by a high salt diet, genetic or exercise
what is arteriolar resistance ?
if your arterioles constrict blood pressure increases.
