Unit D: Chapters 10, 11, 12 Flashcards
What is a water particle made up of?
A water particle is made up of two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.
What are the changes of state?
The changes of state are:
- melting: solid to liquid
- evaporation: liquid to gas
- sublimation: solid to gas
- condensation: gas to liquid
- freezing: liquid to solid
- deposition: gas to solid
Describe the water cycle.
The water cycle is a continuous pattern in nature where water moves, and changes states, between Earth, below it, or above it.
- First, it rains, and the precipitation turns into ice and snow on the mountaintops. (freezing)
- It melts, but some stays, and turns into liquid water, which forms a lake, but some of it gets absorbed by the soil and turns into groundwater. (melting)
- The groundwater eventually reaches the ocean, and so does the runoff from the lake.
- The Sun evaporates some water from the ocean, which forms clouds. (evaporation)
- The clouds become heavy enough that they collect, and it rains again. (condensation)
- ALSO, THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CLOUDS AND THE MOUNTAINTOPS ARE SUBLIMATION AND DEPOSITION.
What is groundwater? What is runoff?
Groundwater is the water that seeps through the soil and is basically underground water. Runoff is water from rain and snowmelt that flows on Earth’s surface.
Describe the water treatment process. What is floc?
The water treatment process
-The water treatment process starts with the intake from a lake.
-Then, alum (a chemical), is added to the water.
- The water moves to a settling chamber, where the floc can sink to the bottom.
- Then, the water moves through a filter to get rid of sand and other stuff.
- Chlorine or ozone is added to the water to kill bacteria.
- It is put in storage, ready to use.
Floc is sticky clumps that are formed when alum reacts with sand and other wastes in water.
What is sustainability?
Sustainability is being able to use resources now, so that future generations will have the same ability to use those resources, without them having any blemishes.
What is salinity? What is desalination?
Salinity is a measure of how much dissolved salt is in some water. Desalination is the tech of removing salt and other minerals from water.
What is a contaminant? Name the two types of contaminants, and their sources.
A contaminant is an undesirable substance in a mixture. The two types of contaminants are chemical and biological contaminants. Their sources are
- chemical: salt, fertilizers, herbicides pesticides, and acid rain.
- biological: surface runoff, drinking water, animal feces
What is thermal pollution?
Thermal pollution is artificially raising the temperature of something.
How do you measure acidity?
Acidity is measured with an indicator scale. If the color corresponds to something above 7, it is basic. If the color corresponds to something below 7, it is acidic.
What is a watershed?
A watershed is an area surrounded by high land and drained by a river; all the runoff exits the same way.
What is blackwater? What is greywater?
Blackwater is water that contains urine or feces, sewage. Greywater is water that has been used for laundry, bathing, cooking, or things of the like.
What is weather? What is climate? How do the two differ?
Weather is the environmental conditions in a certain area that change from day to day. Climate is the average weather conditions of an area of the span of 30 years.
What is heat capacity?
Heat capacity is the amount of thermal energy it takes to raise a substance a to a certain temperature.
What is a heat sink, and how does it relate to climate around water?
A heat sink is matter that can absorb lots of energy from the Sun without its own temperature rising significantly. Bodies of water, like oceans, are heat sinks. If you live on the coast, you live around water. The water can absorb the heat that you get in the summer, making the air cooler. It also takes longer to release the heat in the winter, making it warmer.
