Unit B: Chapters 4, 5, 6 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living things?
The characteristics of living things include: all living things need energy, have a lifespan, produce waste, grow/reproduce/repair, and respond to changes in their environment.
What is a cell and what does the cell theory state?
A cell is the basic unit of life. The cell theory says that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from the first cells.
Describe the parts of a compound microscope. What is magnification? What is field of view?
The main parts of the compound microscope include: the -ocular lens (to magnify the picture),
- the coarse/fine adjustment knobs (to increase the magnification of the slide,
- the stage/stage clips (to hold the slide),
- the light source,
- the diaphragm (to control the amount of light getting to the slide),
- the objective lenses (the further magnify the slide), and
- the revolving nosepiece (to rotate the objective lenses). Magnification is the degree of enlargement of the specimen. Field of view is visible circle you can see through the ocular lens in a compound microscope.
What is included in an animal cell? A plant cell?
An animal cell includes: cytoplasm, cell membrane (to be the gatekeeper), nucleus (store genetic info), chromosomes (hold genetic info), and vacuoles (holds food, water). A plant cell holds all the things that an animal cell includes and: a cell wall (more protection), and the chloroplast (site of photosynthesis).
What is the electron microscope?
The electron microscope is a microscope that uses beams of electrons instead of light, which results in more magnifying power.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
A selectively permeable membrane is a membrane that only allows certain things to enter and leave the cell.
What is diffusion, and how does it relate to osmosis?
Diffusion is the when particles move from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration. Osmosis is diffusion, except across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is turgor pressure?
Turgor pressure is the pressure that is applied to a plant cell wall when water has been taken in by osmosis. The pressure is lowered when the water leaves, trying to make the concentrations equal by osmosis.
What are endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is when the cell brings in materials from its environment to its cytoplasm. A form of endocytosis is phagocytosis, where pseudopods surround the particle, and turn into a vacuole. Exocytosis is when the vacuole releases the waste of the cell by connecting with the membrane.
What is an organism? What is the difference between a multicellular organism and a unicellular organism?
An organism is a living system with parts that work together to survive. A multicellular organism contains many cells, while a unicellular organism only contains one.
What are the five types of organisms, and what are their characteristics?
The five main types of organisms are: plants, animals,s fungi, protists, and bacteria.
- Plants are multicellular organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis, and can live on land or water. -Animals are multicellular organisms that are either vertebrate (have a backbone), or, invertebrate (don’t have a backbone).
- Fungi can multicellular, or unicellular, and eat dead or decaying matter to survive, because they cannot do photosynthesis.
- Protists can be multicellular or unicellular, and usually live in aquatic environments. They can be plant-like (photosynthesis), or animal-like.
- Bacteria are unicellular organisms that don’t have a nucleus, and sometimes form colonies that cause sicknesses.
What are tissues, organs, and organ systems?
A tissue is a group of differentiated cells that will work together to perform a function, while an organ is a bunch of tissues working together. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a function.
What are the five organ systems in the human body? Describe them.
The five organ systems in the human body are: the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. The circulatory system transports nutrients and gases throughout the organisms. The respiratory system exchanges the main gases, to help us breathe. The digestive system breaks food down, and send the nutrients to our circulatory system. The musculoskeletal system gives support, structure, protection, and movement. The nervous system responds to changes and monitors the actions of all the other organ systems.
What are xylem/phloem vessels?
A xylem vessel is a tube in a plant that transports the water and minerals from the root into the shoot. A phloem vessel transports nutrients to the leaves and other parts of the plants. Plants use this to gain nutrients.
