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Bio 20 > UNIT D - (Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins) > Flashcards

UNIT D - (Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins) Flashcards

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1
Q

Source of energy for heat production, tissue building, movement, repair, and all other cellular processes. What am I?

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

What type of Macromolecule supplies energy to the cells as there main role?

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of Macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

What are Enzymes made out of?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What does the term essentail imply to nutrients?

A

Thats there only one way to get them through your diet

Eg. vitamins, minerals, etc.

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6
Q

What do enzymes act as?

A

An biological catalyst -(increasing the rate of reactions)

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7
Q

What are the 2 basic reactions of enzymes?

A

Catabolic: break down molecules

Anabolic: build up molecules

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8
Q

What is the energy to initiate chemical reactions?

A

Activation energy

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9
Q

Many monomers hooked together to make a……

A

Polymer

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10
Q

Building block or singe unit of a polymer is a……

A

Monomer

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11
Q

To make something……

A

Synthesis

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12
Q

Lysis

A

To break or split apart

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13
Q

Dehydrate

A

Means to lose or remove water

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14
Q

What are the reactants of the dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

Glucose and fructose

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15
Q

What are the products of the hydrolysis reaction?

A

Glucose and frucose

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16
Q

The JOINING of two monomers causes a water molecule to be lost. This joining to make a polymer is called?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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17
Q

In what organ of your body would the splitting apart (hydrolysis) of these be occurring at a high rate right now?

A

Stomach

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18
Q

What does saccharides mean?

A

Sugar

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19
Q

What does mono represent?

A

1

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20
Q

What is an example of a nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

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21
Q

What is an example of an lipid?

A

Phospholipids, fats, oils

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22
Q

What is the role of nucleic acids?

A

Carrying or transfering genetic information

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23
Q

Which of the following are building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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24
Q

Proteins are made up of chains of….?

A

Amino acids

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25
Q

A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together by….?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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26
Q

The simplest form of a carbohydrate is called a(n…?

A

monosaccharide

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27
Q

Enzymes convert starting molecules into different molecules. What are those starting molecules called?

A

substrates

28
Q

Monosaccharides are monomers of…?

A

Carbohydrates

29
Q

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of…?

A

Lipids

30
Q

Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of….?

A

Lipids

31
Q

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

A

Protein

32
Q

This macromolecule is hydrophobic (hates water) and reduces water loss What type of organic molecule is it?

A

Lipids

33
Q

Phospholipids are used in what biological structure?

A

Cell membrane

34
Q

disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides bonded together

35
Q

polysaccharide

A

more than 3 monosaccharides bonded together

36
Q

liver

A

a polysaccharide found in animals that is an energy storage molecule; it’s stored in your liver

37
Q

example of a monosaccharide

A

glucose

38
Q

example of a disaccharide

A

sucrose

39
Q

example of a polysaccharide

A

starch

40
Q

Triglycerides

A

Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

41
Q

Saturated Fats

A

fats that are solid at room temperature

42
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

liquid at room temperature

43
Q

Phospholipids

A

composed of 1 glycerol; 2 fatty acids; 1 phosphocholine

44
Q

Polypeptide

A

Primary Structure of Protein

45
Q

Denaturation

A

Temporary change in function of protein due to extreme heat or Ph change

46
Q

what was the purpose of the Benedict’s Test?

A

Tests for simple sugars

47
Q

what was the purpose of the Iodine Test?

A

Tests for presence of starch

48
Q

what was the purpose of the Buiret Test?

A

test for proteins

49
Q

What biomolecule do enzymes belong to?

A

Protein

50
Q

The chemical union of the basic units of carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins always produces the biproduct:

A

Carbon

51
Q

The chemical union of the basic units of carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins always produces the biproduct:

A

hydrophobic and insoluble in water

52
Q

When disaccharides are changed to monosaccharides, the common chemical process involved is:

A

hydrolysis

53
Q

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by:

A

The removal of water (dehydration synthesis)

54
Q

Which of the following, when it fails to occur, is the chemical basis for a metabolic syndrome in which the body fails to breakdown fatty acids?

A

Oxidation

55
Q

What type of bond holds protein chains together?

A

peptide bond

56
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

glycerol, 3 fatty acids

57
Q

The type of biomolecule that is made of amino acids, maintains structure in cells…..

A

protein

58
Q

cell membranes are made primarily of…..

A

lipids

59
Q

The class of biomolecule that sugars and starches belong to….

A

carbohydrate

60
Q

A molecule name that contains the ending -ase tells us that molecule is most likely an…..?

A

enzyme

61
Q

When an enzyme is in a solution that is too acidic or basic, the reaction rate_______

A

tends to slows down

62
Q

Reactions occur faster because enzymes lower the________ energy required for a chemical reaction.

A

activation

63
Q

Any substance that speeds up chemical reaction is called a __________.

A

catalyst

64
Q

Enzymes belong to what major class of biomolecules which are?

A

protein

65
Q

All organic compounds contain the element….

A

carbon

66
Q

DNA contains the coded information required by the body to make……

A

protein

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