UNIT D - (Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins) Flashcards
Source of energy for heat production, tissue building, movement, repair, and all other cellular processes. What am I?
Nutrients
What type of Macromolecule supplies energy to the cells as there main role?
Carbohydrates
What are the 4 types of Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
What are Enzymes made out of?
Amino acids
What does the term essentail imply to nutrients?
Thats there only one way to get them through your diet
Eg. vitamins, minerals, etc.
What do enzymes act as?
An biological catalyst -(increasing the rate of reactions)
What are the 2 basic reactions of enzymes?
Catabolic: break down molecules
Anabolic: build up molecules
What is the energy to initiate chemical reactions?
Activation energy
Many monomers hooked together to make a……
Polymer
Building block or singe unit of a polymer is a……
Monomer
To make something……
Synthesis
Lysis
To break or split apart
Dehydrate
Means to lose or remove water
What are the reactants of the dehydration synthesis reaction?
Glucose and fructose
What are the products of the hydrolysis reaction?
Glucose and frucose
The JOINING of two monomers causes a water molecule to be lost. This joining to make a polymer is called?
Dehydration synthesis
In what organ of your body would the splitting apart (hydrolysis) of these be occurring at a high rate right now?
Stomach
What does saccharides mean?
Sugar
What does mono represent?
1
What is an example of a nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
What is an example of an lipid?
Phospholipids, fats, oils
What is the role of nucleic acids?
Carrying or transfering genetic information
Which of the following are building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Proteins are made up of chains of….?
Amino acids
A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together by….?
Dehydration synthesis
The simplest form of a carbohydrate is called a(n…?
monosaccharide
Enzymes convert starting molecules into different molecules. What are those starting molecules called?
substrates
Monosaccharides are monomers of…?
Carbohydrates
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of…?
Lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of….?
Lipids
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Protein
This macromolecule is hydrophobic (hates water) and reduces water loss What type of organic molecule is it?
Lipids
Phospholipids are used in what biological structure?
Cell membrane
disaccharide
two monosaccharides bonded together
polysaccharide
more than 3 monosaccharides bonded together
liver
a polysaccharide found in animals that is an energy storage molecule; it’s stored in your liver
example of a monosaccharide
glucose
example of a disaccharide
sucrose
example of a polysaccharide
starch
Triglycerides
Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
Saturated Fats
fats that are solid at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats
liquid at room temperature
Phospholipids
composed of 1 glycerol; 2 fatty acids; 1 phosphocholine
Polypeptide
Primary Structure of Protein
Denaturation
Temporary change in function of protein due to extreme heat or Ph change
what was the purpose of the Benedict’s Test?
Tests for simple sugars
what was the purpose of the Iodine Test?
Tests for presence of starch
what was the purpose of the Buiret Test?
test for proteins
What biomolecule do enzymes belong to?
Protein
The chemical union of the basic units of carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins always produces the biproduct:
Carbon
The chemical union of the basic units of carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins always produces the biproduct:
hydrophobic and insoluble in water
When disaccharides are changed to monosaccharides, the common chemical process involved is:
hydrolysis
Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by:
The removal of water (dehydration synthesis)
Which of the following, when it fails to occur, is the chemical basis for a metabolic syndrome in which the body fails to breakdown fatty acids?
Oxidation
What type of bond holds protein chains together?
peptide bond
What are lipids made of?
glycerol, 3 fatty acids
The type of biomolecule that is made of amino acids, maintains structure in cells…..
protein
cell membranes are made primarily of…..
lipids
The class of biomolecule that sugars and starches belong to….
carbohydrate
A molecule name that contains the ending -ase tells us that molecule is most likely an…..?
enzyme
When an enzyme is in a solution that is too acidic or basic, the reaction rate_______
tends to slows down
Reactions occur faster because enzymes lower the________ energy required for a chemical reaction.
activation
Any substance that speeds up chemical reaction is called a __________.
catalyst
Enzymes belong to what major class of biomolecules which are?
protein
All organic compounds contain the element….
carbon
DNA contains the coded information required by the body to make……
protein
