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Science9 > Unit C section 1,2 > Flashcards

Unit C section 1,2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do sanitary landfills work

A

they are made of plastic liners and compacted clay

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2
Q

what are pesticides?

A

Chemicals used to kill pests

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3
Q

Define base

A

Solution with pH HIGHER than 7

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4
Q

a substance with a pH scale of 3 is __ times more __________ than a substance with a pH of 4

A

10 acidic

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5
Q

what do these numbers on fertilizers mean? 15-20-10

A

15% nitrogen 20%phosphorus 10%potassium

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7
Q

What is sour gas

A

Gas containing hydrogen sulphide

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8
Q

Define acid

A

Solution with pH LOWER than 7

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10
Q

What 2 products are a result of neutralization?

A

Water and salt

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11
Q

Define pollution

A

Any change in the environment that produces a harmful condition

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11
Q

What do sanitary landfills do

A

Prevent chemicals from getting to the soil

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11
Q

what is effluent

A

Treated waste water

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12
Q

9 macronutrients for plants?

A

hydrogen,oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur

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13
Q

6 macronutrients?

A

Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, sulfur

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14
Q

Protein is a source of________

A

Energy, repair

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15
Q

What are nucleic acids made up of

A

Phosphate, ribose and nitrogen

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16
Q

Define nitrogen fixation

A

changing free nitrogen into useful compounds

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17
Q

What are lipids made up of

A

Carbon , oxygen and hydrogen

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18
Q

What is a substrate

A

The material in which an organism moves or lives

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19
Q

Amino acids make up ________

A

Protein

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20
Q

what are carbs made up of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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20
Q

proteins a source of

A

Enzymes

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22
Q

What does pH measure ?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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23
Q

what is the range of the acidic scale

A

0-14

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24
Q

0 on the pH scale is ________

A

Very acidic

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25
Q

How does a digital pH work

A

Dip the probe into a solution to get exact pH

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26
Q

Example of indicators

A

Litmus paper, universal indicator

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27
Q

In litmus paper, red means______

A

Acid

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28
Q

In litmus paper, blue means______

A

Basic

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29
Q

What is acid rain

A

Contains dissolved particles that cause a pH smaller than 7

30
Q

3 types of acid rain

A
  • Sulfuric acid: sulfur dioxide+ water
  • nitric acid- nitrogen oxide
  • carbonic acid- carbon dioxide
31
Q

what do carbs do?

A

energy source

32
Q

Lipids

A

Storage of unused energy

33
Q

How to test for fat oil

A

Leaves clear spot

34
Q

How are nutrients absorbed in humans/animals

A

Through the cell membranes in the stomach, small intestines and large intestines

35
Q

How to test for starch

A

Iodine solution

36
Q

How do you test for glucose

A

Benedict’s solution

37
Q

Define biological monitoring

A

Observing living organisms to know how healthy an environment is

38
Q

what are biological indicators

A

Living signs to the health of an environment

39
Q

aquatic invertebrates have no __________

A

backbones

40
Q

examples of aquatic invertebrates?

A

Insects, crustaceans (shrimp), waterboat man, larvae

41
Q

what are microbiological indicators

A

Microscopic organisms that can cause problems if their numbers are high

42
Q

5 top uses of water?

A
  1. Drinking
  2. Livestock drinking
  3. Recreation
  4. Irrigation
  5. Protection of aquatic life
43
Q

6 chemical factors that affect organisms

A
  1. Acidity
  2. Pesticides
  3. Heavy metals
  4. Salts
  5. Dissolved oxygen
  6. Plant nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)
44
Q

5 factors to determine water quality?

A
  1. pH
  2. Dissolved oxygen
  3. Temperature
  4. Dissolved compounds (phosphates, nitrates)
  5. Turbidity
45
Q

How much nitrogen is in the air?

A

78%

46
Q

How much oxygen is in the air?

A

21%

47
Q

How much CO2 is in the air?

A

0.03%

48
Q

How much argon is in the air?

A

less than 1%

49
Q

2 ways to determine air quality?

A
  1. measuring the levels of pollutants in air

2. estimating the amount of emissions from pollution sources

50
Q

what does SO2 (sulfur dioxide) form?

A

Smog and acid rain

51
Q

major source of sulfur dioxide?

A

industrial processes ( oil and gas industries)

52
Q

What is used to reduce sulfur dioxide?

A

Scrubbers ( calcium carbonate)

53
Q

what does nitrogen oxide (NOx) cause?

A

smog and acid rain

54
Q

Main source of nitrogen oxide?

A

combustion of vehicles

55
Q

What gas is known as the silent killer

A

Carbon monoxide

56
Q

how is CO formed?

A

When chemicals containing carbon burn, if there’s not enough oxygen for carbon dioxide

57
Q

What happens when carbon monoxide is inhaled

A

Reduces the oxygen carried by the blood

58
Q

what is the greenhouse effect?

A

allows life in the planet

59
Q

how does the greenhouse effect work

A

Gases in the atmosphere trap heat and keep planet warm

60
Q

4 greenhouse gases?

A
  1. Water vapour
  2. CO2
  3. Methane
  4. Nitrogen oxide
61
Q

define global warming

A

natural process in which the average global temperature increases

62
Q

examples of natural processes that affect global warming?

A

Cellular respiration, fires, volcanoes

63
Q

examples of human processes that affect global warming?

A

Driving, factories

64
Q

what does the ozone layer do?

A

Absorbs radiation from the sun

65
Q

Where is the ozone layer found?

A

15-50 km above the world’s surface

66
Q

what forms holes in the ozone layer?

A

Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs

67
Q

what in chlorofluorocarbons breaks down ozone?

A

Chlorine

68
Q

1 chlorine molecule destroys _______ ozone molecules

A

100 000

69
Q

how is sulfur dioxide harmful?

A

damages respiratory system (throat and lungs) and irritates eyes

70
Q

Ozone is composed of __ oxygen atoms

A

3 (O3)

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