Unit C section 1,2 Flashcards
How do sanitary landfills work
they are made of plastic liners and compacted clay
what are pesticides?
Chemicals used to kill pests
Define base
Solution with pH HIGHER than 7
a substance with a pH scale of 3 is __ times more __________ than a substance with a pH of 4
10 acidic
what do these numbers on fertilizers mean? 15-20-10
15% nitrogen 20%phosphorus 10%potassium
What is sour gas
Gas containing hydrogen sulphide
Define acid
Solution with pH LOWER than 7
What 2 products are a result of neutralization?
Water and salt
Define pollution
Any change in the environment that produces a harmful condition
What do sanitary landfills do
Prevent chemicals from getting to the soil
what is effluent
Treated waste water
9 macronutrients for plants?
hydrogen,oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur
6 macronutrients?
Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, sulfur
Protein is a source of________
Energy, repair
What are nucleic acids made up of
Phosphate, ribose and nitrogen
Define nitrogen fixation
changing free nitrogen into useful compounds
What are lipids made up of
Carbon , oxygen and hydrogen
What is a substrate
The material in which an organism moves or lives
Amino acids make up ________
Protein
what are carbs made up of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
proteins a source of
Enzymes
What does pH measure ?
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
what is the range of the acidic scale
0-14
0 on the pH scale is ________
Very acidic
How does a digital pH work
Dip the probe into a solution to get exact pH
Example of indicators
Litmus paper, universal indicator
In litmus paper, red means______
Acid
In litmus paper, blue means______
Basic
What is acid rain
Contains dissolved particles that cause a pH smaller than 7
3 types of acid rain
- Sulfuric acid: sulfur dioxide+ water
- nitric acid- nitrogen oxide
- carbonic acid- carbon dioxide
what do carbs do?
energy source
Lipids
Storage of unused energy
How to test for fat oil
Leaves clear spot
How are nutrients absorbed in humans/animals
Through the cell membranes in the stomach, small intestines and large intestines
How to test for starch
Iodine solution
How do you test for glucose
Benedict’s solution
Define biological monitoring
Observing living organisms to know how healthy an environment is
what are biological indicators
Living signs to the health of an environment
aquatic invertebrates have no __________
backbones
examples of aquatic invertebrates?
Insects, crustaceans (shrimp), waterboat man, larvae
what are microbiological indicators
Microscopic organisms that can cause problems if their numbers are high
5 top uses of water?
- Drinking
- Livestock drinking
- Recreation
- Irrigation
- Protection of aquatic life
6 chemical factors that affect organisms
- Acidity
- Pesticides
- Heavy metals
- Salts
- Dissolved oxygen
- Plant nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)
5 factors to determine water quality?
- pH
- Dissolved oxygen
- Temperature
- Dissolved compounds (phosphates, nitrates)
- Turbidity
How much nitrogen is in the air?
78%
How much oxygen is in the air?
21%
How much CO2 is in the air?
0.03%
How much argon is in the air?
less than 1%
2 ways to determine air quality?
- measuring the levels of pollutants in air
2. estimating the amount of emissions from pollution sources
what does SO2 (sulfur dioxide) form?
Smog and acid rain
major source of sulfur dioxide?
industrial processes ( oil and gas industries)
What is used to reduce sulfur dioxide?
Scrubbers ( calcium carbonate)
what does nitrogen oxide (NOx) cause?
smog and acid rain
Main source of nitrogen oxide?
combustion of vehicles
What gas is known as the silent killer
Carbon monoxide
how is CO formed?
When chemicals containing carbon burn, if there’s not enough oxygen for carbon dioxide
What happens when carbon monoxide is inhaled
Reduces the oxygen carried by the blood
what is the greenhouse effect?
allows life in the planet
how does the greenhouse effect work
Gases in the atmosphere trap heat and keep planet warm
4 greenhouse gases?
- Water vapour
- CO2
- Methane
- Nitrogen oxide
define global warming
natural process in which the average global temperature increases
examples of natural processes that affect global warming?
Cellular respiration, fires, volcanoes
examples of human processes that affect global warming?
Driving, factories
what does the ozone layer do?
Absorbs radiation from the sun
Where is the ozone layer found?
15-50 km above the world’s surface
what forms holes in the ozone layer?
Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs
what in chlorofluorocarbons breaks down ozone?
Chlorine
1 chlorine molecule destroys _______ ozone molecules
100 000
how is sulfur dioxide harmful?
damages respiratory system (throat and lungs) and irritates eyes
Ozone is composed of __ oxygen atoms
3 (O3)
